Nmap,也就是Network Mapper,是Linux下的网络扫描和嗅探工具包。它由Fyodor编写并维护。由于Nmap品质卓越,使用灵活,它已经是渗透测试人员必备的工具。
其基本功能有三个:
(1)是扫描主机端口,嗅探所提供的网络服务
(2)是探测一组主机是否在线
(3)还可以推断主机所用的操作系统,到达主机经过的路由,系统已开放端口的软件版本
[root@redis-120-20 ~]# yum install nmap
[root@redis-120-20 ~]# man nmap
-sS: TCP SYN 扫描 (又称半开放,或隐身扫描)
-P0: 允许你关闭 ICMP pings.
-sV: 打开系统版本检测
-O: 尝试识别远程操作系统
-A: 同时打开操作系统指纹和版本检测
-v: 详细输出扫描情况.
[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap 172.17.120.11
Starting Nmap 6.40 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2020-03-2621:35 CST
Nmap scan report forelasticsearch-01.crawler-beta (172.17.120.11)
Host is up (0.00019s latency).
Not shown: 998closed ports
PORT STATE SERVICE
22/tcp open ssh
80/tcp open http
MAC Address: 02:00:1F:B5:00:6B (Unknown)
Nmap done: 1IP address (1 host up) scanned in11.16 seconds
# 可以看出只开放了22端口和80端口
[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap -p 80 172.17.120.11
Starting Nmap 6.40 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2020-03-2621:37 CST
Nmap scan report forelasticsearch-01.crawler-beta (172.17.120.11)
Host is up (0.00037s latency).
PORT STATE SERVICE
80/tcp open http
MAC Address: 02:00:1F:B5:00:6B (Unknown)
Nmap done: 1IP address (1 host up) scanned in11.09 seconds
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap -p 8080 172.17.120.11
Starting Nmap 6.40 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2020-03-2621:38 CST
Nmap scan report forelasticsearch-01.crawler-beta (172.17.120.11)
Host is up (0.00039s latency).
PORT STATE SERVICE
8080/tcp closed http-proxy
MAC Address: 02:00:1F:B5:00:6B (Unknown)
Nmap done: 1IP address (1 host up) scanned in11.10 seconds
# 可以看出80端口开放,8080端口没有开放
[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap -sP 172.17.120.*
[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap -sP 172.17.120.0/24
[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap -p 443,22,80 172.17.120.11
[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap -p 443,22,80 172.17.120.11-14
[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap 172.17.120.11-14 --exclude 172.17.120.13
[root@redis-120-20 ~]# cat ex.txt
172.17.120.11
172.17.120.14
[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap 172.17.120.11-14 --excludefile ex.txt
[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap -T4 -sP 172.17.120.0/24 && egrep “00:00:00:00:00:00″ /proc/net/arp
[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap -sV 172.17.120.11 -p 80
Starting Nmap 6.40 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2020-03-2621:42 CST
Nmap scan report forelasticsearch-01.crawler-beta (172.17.120.11)
Host is up (0.00041s latency).
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
80/tcp open http nginx 1.16.1
MAC Address: 02:00:1F:B5:00:6B (Unknown)
Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at http://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1IP address (1 host up) scanned in17.21 seconds
[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap -O 172.17.120.11
Starting Nmap 6.40 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2020-03-2621:44 CST
Nmap scan report forelasticsearch-01.crawler-beta (172.17.120.11)
Host is up (0.00037s latency).
Not shown: 998closed ports
PORT STATE SERVICE
22/tcp open ssh
80/tcp open http
MAC Address: 02:00:1F:B5:00:6B (Unknown)
No exact OS matches forhost (If you know what OS is running on it, see http://nmap.org/submit/ ).
TCP/IP fingerprint:
OS:SCAN(V=6.40%E=4%D=3/26%OT=22%CT=1%CU=34467%PV=Y%DS=1%DC=D%G=Y%M=02001F%T
OS:M=5E7CB1E6%P=x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu)SEQ(SP=107%GCD=1%ISR=10C%TI=Z%TS=U)
OS:SEQ(SP=107%GCD=1%ISR=10C%TI=Z%II=I%TS=U)OPS(O1=M5B4NNSNW9%O2=M5B4NNSNW9%
OS:O3=M5B4NW9%O4=M5B4NNSNW9%O5=M5B4NNSNW9%O6=M5B4NNS)WIN(W1=7210%W2=7210%W3
OS:=7210%W4=7210%W5=7210%W6=7210)ECN(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%W=7210%O=M5B4NNSNW9%CC=Y
OS:%Q=)T1(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%S=O%A=S+%F=AS%RD=0%Q=)T2(R=N)T3(R=N)T4(R=Y%DF=Y%T=4
OS:0%W=0%S=A%A=Z%F=R%O=%RD=0%Q=)T5(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%W=0%S=Z%A=S+%F=AR%O=%RD=0%
OS:Q=)T6(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%W=0%S=A%A=Z%F=R%O=%RD=0%Q=)T7(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%W=0%S=Z%
OS:A=S+%F=AR%O=%RD=0%Q=)U1(R=Y%DF=N%T=40%IPL=164%UN=0%RIPL=G%RID=G%RIPCK=G%
OS:RUCK=G%RUD=G)IE(R=Y%DFI=N%T=40%CD=S)
Network Distance: 1hop
OS detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at http://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1IP address (1 host up) scanned in22.89 seconds
[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap -sU 172.17.120.11 -p 53,161
Starting Nmap 6.40 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2020-03-2622:01 CST
Nmap scan report forelasticsearch-01.crawler-beta (172.17.120.11)
Host is up (0.00044s latency).
PORT STATE SERVICE
53/udp closed domain
161/udp closed snmp
MAC Address: 02:00:1F:B5:00:6B (Unknown)
Nmap done: 1IP address (1 host up) scanned in11.09 seconds
[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap -6fe80::a00:27ff:fe43:1518
[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap -PN -T4 -p139,445 -n -v –script=smb-check-vulns –script-args safe=1 172.17.120.1-254
[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap -A -p1-85,113,443,8080-8100 -T4 –min-hostgroup 50 –max-rtt-timeout 2000 –initial-rtt timeout 300 –max-retries 3 –host-timeout 20m –max-scan-delay 1000 -oA wapscan 172.17.120.0/24
[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap -sS 172.17.120.12 -D 172.17.120.20
[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap -F -O 172.17.120.0-255 | grep “Running: ” > /tmp/os; echo “$(cat /tmp/os | grep Linux \| wc -l) Linux device(s)”; echo “$(cat /tmp/os | grep Windows | wc -l) Window(s) device”