Linux网络扫描和嗅探工具—Nmap命令
1、简介
Nmap，也就是Network Mapper，是Linux下的网络扫描和嗅探工具包。它由Fyodor编写并维护。由于Nmap品质卓越，使用灵活，它已经是渗透测试人员必备的工具。
其基本功能有三个：
（1）是扫描主机端口，嗅探所提供的网络服务
（2）是探测一组主机是否在线
（3）还可以推断主机所用的操作系统，到达主机经过的路由，系统已开放端口的软件版本
2、安装
[root@redis-120-20 ~]# yum install nmap3、Nmap命令常用格式
[root@redis-120-20 ~]# man nmap
-sS: TCP SYN 扫描 (又称半开放,或隐身扫描)
-P0: 允许你关闭 ICMP pings.
-sV: 打开系统版本检测
-O: 尝试识别远程操作系统
-A: 同时打开操作系统指纹和版本检测
-v: 详细输出扫描情况.4、扫描出其对外开放的服务
[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap 172.17.120.11
Starting Nmap 6.40 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2020-03-2621:35 CST
Nmap scan report forelasticsearch-01.crawler-beta (172.17.120.11)
Host is up (0.00019s latency).
Not shown: 998closed ports
PORT STATE SERVICE
22/tcp open ssh
80/tcp open http
MAC Address: 02:00:1F:B5:00:6B (Unknown)
Nmap done: 1IP address (1 host up) scanned in11.16 seconds
# 可以看出只开放了22端口和80端口5、nmap -p 端口 IP(域名)，判断ip是否开放指定端口
[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap -p 80 172.17.120.11
Starting Nmap 6.40 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2020-03-2621:37 CST
Nmap scan report forelasticsearch-01.crawler-beta (172.17.120.11)
Host is up (0.00037s latency).
PORT STATE SERVICE
80/tcp open http
MAC Address: 02:00:1F:B5:00:6B (Unknown)
Nmap done: 1IP address (1 host up) scanned in11.09 seconds
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap -p 8080 172.17.120.11
Starting Nmap 6.40 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2020-03-2621:38 CST
Nmap scan report forelasticsearch-01.crawler-beta (172.17.120.11)
Host is up (0.00039s latency).
PORT STATE SERVICE
8080/tcp closed http-proxy
MAC Address: 02:00:1F:B5:00:6B (Unknown)
Nmap done: 1IP address (1 host up) scanned in11.10 seconds
# 可以看出80端口开放，8080端口没有开放6、在网络寻找所有在线主机
[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap -sP 172.17.120.*
[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap -sP 172.17.120.0/247、增加端口和网段
[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap -p 443,22,80 172.17.120.11
[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap -p 443,22,80 172.17.120.11-148、扫描地址段是排除某个IP地址
[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap 172.17.120.11-14 --exclude 172.17.120.139、扫描多个地址时排除文件里的IP地址
[root@redis-120-20 ~]# cat ex.txt
172.17.120.11
172.17.120.14
[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap 172.17.120.11-14 --excludefile ex.txt10、在某段子网上查找未占用的 IP
[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap -T4 -sP 172.17.120.0/24 && egrep “00:00:00:00:00:00″ /proc/net/arp11、服务版本识别（-sV），Nmap可以在进行端口扫描的时候检测服务端软件的版本信息
[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap -sV 172.17.120.11 -p 80
Starting Nmap 6.40 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2020-03-2621:42 CST
Nmap scan report forelasticsearch-01.crawler-beta (172.17.120.11)
Host is up (0.00041s latency).
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
80/tcp open http nginx 1.16.1
MAC Address: 02:00:1F:B5:00:6B (Unknown)
Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at http://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1IP address (1 host up) scanned in17.21 seconds12、操作系统检测（-O），Nmap还能识别目标主机的操作系统
[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap -O 172.17.120.11
Starting Nmap 6.40 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2020-03-2621:44 CST
Nmap scan report forelasticsearch-01.crawler-beta (172.17.120.11)
Host is up (0.00037s latency).
Not shown: 998closed ports
PORT STATE SERVICE
22/tcp open ssh
80/tcp open http
MAC Address: 02:00:1F:B5:00:6B (Unknown)
No exact OS matches forhost (If you know what OS is running on it, see http://nmap.org/submit/ ).
TCP/IP fingerprint:
OS:SCAN(V=6.40%E=4%D=3/26%OT=22%CT=1%CU=34467%PV=Y%DS=1%DC=D%G=Y%M=02001F%T
OS:M=5E7CB1E6%P=x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu)SEQ(SP=107%GCD=1%ISR=10C%TI=Z%TS=U)
OS:SEQ(SP=107%GCD=1%ISR=10C%TI=Z%II=I%TS=U)OPS(O1=M5B4NNSNW9%O2=M5B4NNSNW9%
OS:O3=M5B4NW9%O4=M5B4NNSNW9%O5=M5B4NNSNW9%O6=M5B4NNS)WIN(W1=7210%W2=7210%W3
OS:=7210%W4=7210%W5=7210%W6=7210)ECN(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%W=7210%O=M5B4NNSNW9%CC=Y
OS:%Q=)T1(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%S=O%A=S+%F=AS%RD=0%Q=)T2(R=N)T3(R=N)T4(R=Y%DF=Y%T=4
OS:0%W=0%S=A%A=Z%F=R%O=%RD=0%Q=)T5(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%W=0%S=Z%A=S+%F=AR%O=%RD=0%
OS:Q=)T6(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%W=0%S=A%A=Z%F=R%O=%RD=0%Q=)T7(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%W=0%S=Z%
OS:A=S+%F=AR%O=%RD=0%Q=)U1(R=Y%DF=N%T=40%IPL=164%UN=0%RIPL=G%RID=G%RIPCK=G%
OS:RUCK=G%RUD=G)IE(R=Y%DFI=N%T=40%CD=S)
Network Distance: 1hop
OS detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at http://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1IP address (1 host up) scanned in22.89 seconds13、找到目标主机开放了哪些 UDP端口。为提高扫描速度，我们仅扫描 53端口 （DNS）和161端口（SNMP）
[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap -sU 172.17.120.11 -p 53,161
Starting Nmap 6.40 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2020-03-2622:01 CST
Nmap scan report forelasticsearch-01.crawler-beta (172.17.120.11)
Host is up (0.00044s latency).
PORT STATE SERVICE
53/udp closed domain
161/udp closed snmp
MAC Address: 02:00:1F:B5:00:6B (Unknown)
Nmap done: 1IP address (1 host up) scanned in11.09 seconds14、启用Nmap的-6选项即可扫描IPv6的目标主机
[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap -6fe80::a00:27ff:fe43:151815、在局域网上扫找 Conficker 蠕虫病毒
[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap -PN -T4 -p139,445 -n -v –script=smb-check-vulns –script-args safe=1 172.17.120.1-25416、扫描网络上的恶意接入点 （rogue APs）
[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap -A -p1-85,113,443,8080-8100 -T4 –min-hostgroup 50 –max-rtt-timeout 2000 –initial-rtt timeout 300 –max-retries 3 –host-timeout 20m –max-scan-delay 1000 -oA wapscan 172.17.120.0/2417、使用诱饵扫描方法来扫描主机端口
[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap -sS 172.17.120.12 -D 172.17.120.2018、显示网络上共有多少台 Linux 及 Win 设备
[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap -F -O 172.17.120.0-255 | grep “Running: ” > /tmp/os; echo “$(cat /tmp/os | grep Linux \| wc -l) Linux device(s)”; echo “$(cat /tmp/os | grep Windows | wc -l) Window(s) device”本文参与 腾讯云自媒体分享计划，分享自微信公众号。
原始发表：2020-03-26，如有侵权请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除
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