可视化技能之Matplotlib(下)|可视化系列02

def isort(lst):
    n=len(lst) #直接用原数组进行排序
    for i in range(1,n):
        x=lst[i] #当前值
        j=i-1
        while j>=0 and x<lst[j]: #从右往左找插入的位置
            lst[j+1]=lst[j] #将比x大的牌往后移一位
            j-=1
        lst[j+1]=x #换牌
    return lst

def isort(lst): #插入排序代码
    n=len(lst)
    w={0:{'v':lst.copy(),'j':-1}} #保存j以确定到哪里插入
    for i in range(1,n):
        x=lst[i] #当前值
        j=i-1
        while j>=0 and x<lst[j]: #x比j处值小时，继续向左
            lst[j+1]=lst[j] #将比x大的牌往后移一位
            j-=1
        lst[j+1]=x #换牌
        w[i]={'v':lst.copy(),'j':j}
        #print(xs,i,j,x)
    return w #不需要lst

import matplotlib.animation as anm #引入接口
fig,ax=plt.subplots()
def draw_bar(i): #每传入一个i画一个柱状图
    w=wk[i]
    nw=len(w['v'])
    ax.clear() #清空之前画的元素
    c1=[]
    for j in range(nw): #调节柱的颜色
        if j<i:
            c1.append('#1EAFAE')
        elif i==nw-1:
            c1.append('#1EAFAE')
        elif j==i:
            c1.append('#BA5C25')
        else:
            c1.append('#69FFFF')
    if i!=nw-1 and w['j']+1!=i: #所交换的位置
        c1[w['j']+1]='#FFA069'
    rs=ax.bar(range(nw),w['v'],color=c1)
    ax.set_ylim(0,8)
    ax.set_title('Insert Sorted Animation')
    c=0
    for r in rs: #给每个柱加文本标签
        ax.annotate('{0}'.format(w['v'][c]),
                    xy=(r.get_x()+r.get_width()/2,r.get_height()+0.1))
        c+=1 
#绘制动图
amt=anm.FuncAnimation(fig,draw_bar,frames=range(6),interval=600)
amt.save('insert-sorted-animation-1.gif') #保存动图到本地文件

fig,ax=plt.subplots()
def race_bar(i):
    idx=str(i)
    wdf=df.sort_values(by=idx)
    width=list(wdf[idx])
    yw=list(wdf['tag'])
    ax.clear()
    rs=ax.barh(yw,width,color=wdf['color'])
    ax.set_xlim(0,wdf[idx].max()+200)
    ax.set_title('A to G Animation')
    ax.text(wdf[idx].max()+20,1,'{0}'.format(i),fontsize=30) #绘制当前条形图对应时间周期
    ax.tick_params(top=True, bottom=False,
                   labeltop=True, labelbottom=False)
    c=0
    for r in rs:
        ax.annotate('{0}'.format(yw[c]),xy=(r.get_width()-40,r.get_y()+r.get_height()/2-0.16))
        ax.annotate('{0}'.format(width[c]),xy=(r.get_width()+5,r.get_y()+r.get_height()/2-0.16))
        c+=1
amt=anm.FuncAnimation(fig,race_bar,frames=range(3,13),interval=600)
#整体结构和插入排序一脉相承

df=pd.DataFrame({'tag':list('ABCDEFG'),'color':['#1EAFAE', '#A3FFFF', '#69FFFF', '#BA5C25', '#FFA069', '#9E5B3A', '#D7CE88']})
df['3']=df['tag'].apply(lambda x:random.randint(50,600)) #初始列

for i in range(4,13):
    idx=str(i-1) #偶数增幅，奇数在原来基础上[-30,50+5*i]变动
    df['{0}'.format(i)]=df[idx].apply(lambda x:x+random.randint(20,100+i*6) if x%2==0 else x+random.randint(-30,50+i*5))

fig,ax=plt.subplots()
def race_line(i):
    k=['A','B','C'] #只取3个人的数据
    x=range(3,i+1)
    ax.clear()
    for ki in k:
        wdf=df.loc[df['tag']==ki]
        #筛选出画折线的x，y
        y=[list(wdf.loc[wdf['tag']==ki][str(j)])[0] for j in x]
        ax.plot(x,y,color=list(wdf['color'])[0])
        ax.text(i+0.2,y[-1]+2,'{0}:{1}'.format(ki,y[-1]))
        ax.set_xlim(3,i+3)
    ax.set_title('ABC Lines Animation')

    ax.tick_params(top=True, bottom=False,left=False,right=True,
                   labelright=True,labelleft=False,
                   labeltop=True, labelbottom=False)

amt=anm.FuncAnimation(fig,race_line,frames=range(6,13),interval=500)
amt.save('lines-animation-1.gif') #把动图保存为gif文件

#绘制基本形状的框架，以圆形为例
import matplotlib.patches as mpatches
from matplotlib.collections import PatchCollection
fig, ax = plt.subplots(subplot_kw=dict(aspect="equal")) #设置横纵坐标单位长度一致，也可写 plt.axis('equal')

patches = [] #需渲染的形状集合
circle = mpatches.Circle((50,50),20) #初始化一个圆心在(50,50)，半径为20的圆形
patches.append(circle)

pcc= PatchCollection(patches,color="#69FFFF") #因patches整合到了PatchCollection对象里,在Circle里写颜色参数好像没用，需要把color传到这里
ax.add_collection(pcc)
ax.set_ylim(0,100) #设置x，y的展示范围
ax.set_xlim(0,100)

import matplotlib.patches as mpatches
from matplotlib.collections import PatchCollection
fig, ax = plt.subplots(subplot_kw=dict(aspect="equal"))

p1 = mpatches.Circle((15, 85), 78,fc='#1EAFAE',alpha=0.62) #(x,y),r,fcolor,alpha
p2 = mpatches.Circle((50, 10), 78, fc="#69FFFF",alpha=0.62)
p3 = mpatches.Circle((85, 85), 78, fc="#BA5C25",alpha=0.62)
patches = [p1,p2,p3]

collection = PatchCollection(patches,color=['#1EAFAE',"#69FFFF","#BA5C25"],alpha=0.62)
#collection.set_color(['#1EAFAE',"#69FFFF","#BA5C25"])
ax.add_collection(collection)
ax.text(50,50,'Data\nScience',ha='center',fontsize=11)
ax.text(125,100,'Math',ha='center')
ax.text(50,-33,'Domains\nKnowledge',ha='center')
ax.text(-30,100,'CS',ha='center')
ax.text(0,20,'Danger\nZone',ha='center',fontsize=9)
ax.text(100,20,'Traditional\nResearch',ha='center',fontsize=8)
ax.text(50,107,'Machine\nLearning',ha='center',fontsize=9)
ax.set_ylim(-100,200)
ax.set_xlim(-100,200)
plt.axis('off') #不显示坐标轴

from mpl_toolkits.axes_grid1.anchored_artists import AnchoredDrawingArea
p1 = mpatches.Circle((15, 85), 78,fc='#1EAFAE',alpha=0.62) #(x,y),r,fcolor,alpha
ada = AnchoredDrawingArea(100,100,0, 0,loc=10, pad=0., frameon=False) #width( in pixels), height, xdescent, ydescent, loc, pad=0.4,
ada.drawing_area.add_artist(p1)
ax.add_artist(ada)

#极坐标系下的可视化和直角坐标没多少改变
ax=plt.subplot(111,projection='polar')
x=[5,4,3,2,1]
ax.plot(x)

y=[42, 142, 61, 119, 68]
z=[77, 46, 65, 81, 50]
ax=plt.subplot(111, projection='polar')
#对y和z进行一些运算以适应弧度制
yw=[i*2*3.1416/sum(y) for i in y]
xw=[sum(y[0:i])*2*3.1416/sum(y) for i in range(len(y))]
yzw=[i*2*3.1416/sum(z) for i in z]
zw=[sum(z[0:i])*2*3.1416/sum(z) for i in range(len(z))]
ax.bar(xw,y,width=yw,align='edge',linewidth=1,edgecolor='k') #设置x对应柱的边缘开始画而不是中心了
ax.bar(xw,y,width=yw,bottom=y,align='edge',linewidth=1,edgecolor='k') #设置柱的边缘颜色以区分各个饼

from matplotlib.backend_bases import MouseButton
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

xw=list('ABCDE')
yw=[42, 142, 61, 119, 68]
fig, ax = plt.subplots()

rs=ax.bar(xw,yw,color='#1EAFAE') #绘制初始的条形图
ax.set_title('plt.connect demo')

def on_click_bar(event):
    if event.button is MouseButton.LEFT:
        x, y = event.xdata, event.ydata
        print('w',x,y)
        for r in range(len(rs)):
            if x>rs[r].get_x() and x<rs[r].get_x()+rs[r].get_width() and y<rs[r].get_height():
                print('q',x,y)
                ax.clear()
                c=['#BA5C25' if i==r else '#1EAFAE' for i in range(len(rs))]
                ax.bar(xw,yw,color=c)
                ax.text(x,y,'{0}'.format(rs[r].get_height()))
                ax.set_title('plt.connect demo')
        fig.canvas.draw_idle() #刷新当前画布

plt.connect('button_press_event', on_click_bar) #监听
# 另一种写法是 fig.canvas.mpl_connect('button_press_event', onclick)
plt.show()