python测试开发01-虚拟环境搭建

一、虚拟环境搭建.

一、虚拟环境介绍

Python虚拟环境的主要目的是为了给不同的工程创建相互独立的运行环境。在虚拟环境下，每一个工程都有自己独立的依赖包，而与其它的工程无关。不同的虚拟环境中同一个包可以有不同的版本，并且，虚拟环境的数量没有限制，我们可以轻松的地用virtualenv或者pipenv等工具来创建多个虚拟环境。

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二、virtualenv的安装和应用

（windows）安装步骤：

1.创建一个存放虚拟环境的目录例如（.virtualenv）

2.pip 安装 virtualenv

3.pip 安装虚拟环境的管理包virtualenvwrapper-win

4.配置环境变量（变量名：WORKON_HOME值：上面的创建目录路径）

5.进入cmd下输入workon出现如下图说明安装成功了。

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virtualenv的使用命令

虚拟命令的一些命令：

wokon列出所有的虚拟环境

workon 【name】 进入指定的虚拟环境

deactivate 退出当前的虚拟环境

mkvirtualenv 【name】创建虚拟环境

rmvirtualenv 【name】删除虚拟环境

包安装：虚拟环境下安装对应的依赖包，进入虚拟环境直接使用pip install 进行安装

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pipenv的安装和使用

pipenv集成了pip，virtualenv两者的功能，且完善了两者的一些缺陷。

过去使用virtualenv管理requirements.txt文件可能会有问题，pipenv使用pipfile和pipfile.lock,前者用来记录项目依赖包列表，后者记录了固定版本的详细依赖列表，查看依赖关系是十分方便。支持python2、python3，mac、win、linux在各个平台的命令一样的。

安装pip install pipenv

创建虚拟环境

第一步创建文件夹 mkdir py3env

第二步进入文件夹 cd py3env

第三步初始化虚拟环境 pipenv install

Pipfile.lock not found, creating…

Locking [dev-packages] dependencies…

Locking [packages] dependencies…

Updated Pipfile.lock (ca72e7)!

Installing dependencies from Pipfile.lock (ca72e7)…

================================ 0/0 - 00:00:00

To activate this project's virtualenv, run pipenv shell.

Alternatively, run a command inside the virtualenv with pipenv run.

D:\workspace\python01>

Using c:\python3.6\python.exe (3.6.7) to create virtualenv…

created virtual environment CPython3.6.7.candidate.2-64 in 1383ms

creator CPython3Windows(dest=C:\Users\hewencheng\.virtualenvs\python01-4K2rx9Jw, clear=False, global=False)

seeder FromAppData(download=False, pip=bundle, setuptools=bundle, wheel=bundle, via=copy, app_data_dir=C:\Users\hewencheng\AppData\Local\pypa\virtualenv)

added seed packages: pip==20.2.4, setuptools==50.3.2, wheel==0.35.1

activators BashActivator,BatchActivator,FishActivator,PowerShellActivator,PythonActivator,XonshActivator

Virtualenv location: C:\Users\hewencheng\.virtualenvs\python01-4K2rx9Jw

Creating a Pipfile for this project…

Pipfile.lock not found, creating…

Locking [dev-packages] dependencies…

Locking [packages] dependencies…

Updated Pipfile.lock (ca72e7)!

Installing dependencies from Pipfile.lock (ca72e7)…

================================ 0/0 - 00:00:00

To activate this project's virtualenv, run pipenv shell.

Alternatively, run a command inside the virtualenv with pipenv run.

D:\workspace\python01>

Using c:\python3.6\python.exe (3.6.7) to create virtualenv…

created virtual environment CPython3.6.7.candidate.2-64 in 1383ms

creator CPython3Windows(dest=C:\Users\hewencheng\.virtualenvs\python01-4K2rx9Jw, clear=False, global=False)

seeder FromAppData(download=False, pip=bundle, setuptools=bundle, wheel=bundle, via=copy, app_data_dir=C:\Users\hewencheng\AppData\Local\pypa\virtualenv)

added seed packages: pip==20.2.4, setuptools==50.3.2, wheel==0.35.1

activators BashActivator,BatchActivator,FishActivator,PowerShellActivator,PythonActivator,XonshActivator

Virtualenv location: C:\Users\hewencheng\.virtualenvs\python01-4K2rx9Jw

Creating a Pipfile for this project…

Pipfile.lock not found, creating…

Locking [dev-packages] dependencies…

Locking [packages] dependencies…

Updated Pipfile.lock (ca72e7)!

Installing dependencies from Pipfile.lock (ca72e7)…

================================ 0/0 - 00:00:00

To activate this project's virtualenv, run pipenv shell.

Alternatively, run a command inside the virtualenv with pipenv run.

D:\workspace\python01>

创建好虚拟环境后生成:一个Pipfile和pipfile.lock文件

第四步用pipenv install requests包

Downloading https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/a2/38/928ddce2273eaa564f6f50de919327bf3a00f091b5baba8dfa9460f3a8a8/idna-2.10-py2.py3-none-any.whl (58 k

B)

Collecting urllib3!=1.25.0,!=1.25.1,<1.26,>=1.21.1

Downloading https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/56/aa/4ef5aa67a9a62505db124a5cb5262332d1d4153462eb8fd89c9fa41e5d92/urllib3-1.25.11-py2.py3-none-any.whl

(127 kB)

Collecting certifi>=2017.4.17

Downloading https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/5e/c4/6c4fe722df5343c33226f0b4e0bb042e4dc13483228b4718baf286f86d87/certifi-2020.6.20-py2.py3-none-any.w

hl (156 kB)

Installing collected packages: chardet, idna, urllib3, certifi, requests

Successfully installed certifi-2020.6.20 chardet-3.0.4 idna-2.10 requests-2.24.0 urllib3-1.25.11

Adding requests to Pipfile's [packages]…

Pipfile.lock (d89249) out of date, updating to (ca72e7)…

Locking [dev-packages] dependencies…

Locking [packages] dependencies…

Updated Pipfile.lock (d89249)!

Installing dependencies from Pipfile.lock (d89249)…

================================ 5/5 - 00:00:02

To activate this project's virtualenv, run pipenv shell.

Downloading https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/a2/38/928ddce2273eaa564f6f50de919327bf3a00f091b5baba8dfa9460f3a8a8/idna-2.10-py2.py3-none-any.whl (58 k

B)

Collecting urllib3!=1.25.0,!=1.25.1,<1.26,>=1.21.1

Downloading https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/56/aa/4ef5aa67a9a62505db124a5cb5262332d1d4153462eb8fd89c9fa41e5d92/urllib3-1.25.11-py2.py3-none-any.whl

(127 kB)

Collecting certifi>=2017.4.17

Downloading https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/5e/c4/6c4fe722df5343c33226f0b4e0bb042e4dc13483228b4718baf286f86d87/certifi-2020.6.20-py2.py3-none-any.w

hl (156 kB)

Installing collected packages: chardet, idna, urllib3, certifi, requests

Successfully installed certifi-2020.6.20 chardet-3.0.4 idna-2.10 requests-2.24.0 urllib3-1.25.11

Adding requests to Pipfile's [packages]…

Pipfile.lock (d89249) out of date, updating to (ca72e7)…

Locking [dev-packages] dependencies…

Locking [packages] dependencies…

Updated Pipfile.lock (d89249)!

Installing dependencies from Pipfile.lock (d89249)…

================================ 5/5 - 00:00:02

To activate this project's virtualenv, run pipenv shell.

Alternatively, run a command inside the virtualenv with pipenv run.

安装成功

使用pipenv环境迁移

拷贝pipfile和pipfile.lock文件到迁移的路径下使用命令pipenv install迁移即可。使用pipenv graph查看包

D:\workspace\python01\test1>pipenv graph

flash==1.0.3

requests==2.24.0

- certifi [required: >=2017.4.17, installed: 2020.6.20]

- chardet [required: >=3.0.2,<4, installed: 3.0.4]

- idna [required: >=2.5,<3, installed: 2.10]

- urllib3 [required: >=1.21.1,<1.26,!=1.25.1,!=1.25.0, installed: 1.25.11]

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