微软开源的浏览器自动化工具-Playwright
微软开源的浏览器自动化工具-Playwright
软开源了一个 Python 项目：Playwright，从此又多了一个浏览器自动化工具。之前一直用 selenium 或 splinter。
Playwright 可通过单个 API 自动执行 Chromium，Firefox 和 WebKit浏览器，支持无头浏览器（headless），Linux、macOS、Windows 下均可以使用，Playwright提供的自动化技术是绿色的，功能强大，稳定且速度快。
Playwright 最吸引我的地方在于它可以自己记录你对浏览器的操作，并将这些操作生成可以执行的代码，这简直就是神器，大大提升了浏览器自动化的效率。生成代码只需要执行
python -m playwright codegen此外，它不像 selenium 需要再单独安装浏览器驱动，它在 pip install 时就会安装浏览器的驱动文件。
pip install playwright
python -m playwright install这将会安装 Playwright 和 Chromium，Firefox 和 WebKit 浏览器的二进制文件，非常方便，需要 Python 3.7 及以上版本。
还有几个亮眼的功能：
1、Playwright同时提供同步（阻止）API和异步API。
它们在功能方面是相同的，只是在使用API的方式上有所不同。
同步：
from playwright import sync_playwright
with sync_playwright() as p:
for browser_type in [p.chromium, p.firefox, p.webkit]:
browser = browser_type.launch()
page = browser.newPage()
page.goto('http://whatsmyuseragent.org/')
page.screenshot(path=f'example-{browser_type.name}.png')
browser.close()异步：
import asyncio
from playwright import async_playwright
async def main():
async with async_playwright() as p:
for browser_type in [p.chromium, p.firefox, p.webkit]:
browser = await browser_type.launch()
page = await browser.newPage()
await page.goto('http://whatsmyuseragent.org/')
await page.screenshot(path=f'example-{browser_type.name}.png')
await browser.close()
asyncio.get_event_loop().run_until_complete(main())2、集成 pytest 测试：
def test_playwright_is_visible_on_google(page):
page.goto("https://www.google.com")
page.type("input[name=q]", "Playwright GitHub")
page.click("input[type=submit]")
page.waitForSelector("text=microsoft/Playwright")3、交互模式运行：
>>> from playwright import sync_playwright
>>> playwright = sync_playwright().start()
# Use playwright.chromium, playwright.firefox or playwright.webkit
# Pass headless=False to see the browser UI
>>> browser = playwright.chromium.launch()
>>> page = browser.newPage()
>>> page.goto("http://whatsmyuseragent.org/")
>>> page.screenshot(path="example.png")
>>> browser.close()
>>> playwright.stop(4、执行 JS 代码：
from playwright import sync_playwright
with sync_playwright() as p:
browser = p.firefox.launch()
page = browser.newPage()
page.goto('https://www.example.com/')
dimensions = page.evaluate('''() => {
return {
width: document.documentElement.clientWidth,
height: document.documentElement.clientHeight,
deviceScaleFactor: window.devicePixelRatio
}
}''')
print(dimensions)
browser.close()5、中断网络请求：
from playwright import sync_playwright
with sync_playwright() as p:
browser = p.chromium.launch()
page = browser.newPage()
def log_and_continue_request(route, request):
print(request.url)
route.continue_()
# Log and continue all network requests
page.route('**', lambda route, request: log_and_continue_request(route, request))
page.goto('http://todomvc.com')
browser.close()
官方文档暂时还是 Node.js 版本，不过正在转换成 Python 版本，API的调用方式相当一致，现在看 Node.js 版本的文档来编码也是无障碍的。
官方文档：https://playwright.dev/
GitHub 仓库：https://github.com/microsoft/playwright-python
综上，感觉比 selenium 更好用啦，准备入坑。如果觉得文章对你有用，欢迎点赞、转发、关注，谢谢支持。