使用命令行工具mysqlimport导入数据

kirin

发布于 2020-12-01 10:41:54

2.2K00

代码可运行

文章被收录于专栏：Kirin博客Kirin博客

运行总次数：0

代码可运行

Usage: mysqlimport [OPTIONS] database textfile …

mysqlimport 程序是一个将以特定格式存放的文本数据（如通过“select * into OUTFILE from …”所生成的数据文件）导入到指定的MySQL Server 中的工具程序，比如将一个标准的csv 文件导入到某指定数据库的指定表中。mysqlimport 工具实际上也只是“load data infile”命令的一个包装实现。

默认从以下路径中文件读取默认参数

/etc/mysql/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf ~/.my.cnf

1、常用选项：

–fields-terminated-by=字符串：设置字符串为字段之间的分隔符，可以为单个或多个字符。默认值为制表符“\t”。
-L, –local：表示从客户端任意路径读取文件导入表中，未设置该选项时，默认只从datadir下同名数据库目录下读取文件导入
–ignore-lines=n：表示可以忽略前n行。
-l, –lock-tables：写入时锁定所有表
-p, –password[=name]：指定用户密码
-u, –user=name：指定登入MySQL用户名
-h, –host=name：指定远程连接的服务器
-c, –columns=name：往表里导入指定字段，如：–columns=’Name,Age,Gender’
-C, –compress：在客户端和服务器之间启用压缩传递所有信息

其它可用选项和默认参数设置可以使用mysqlimport -help查询

2、用法示例：

例1：基本用法

mysql> create table classes3 like classes;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)

[root@www tmp]# mysqlimport -u root --localhellodb classes3.sql --fields-terminated-by="|"

hellodb.classes3: Records: 10  Deleted: 0 Skipped: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> select  * from classes3;

+---------+----------------+----------+

| ClassID | Class          | NumOfStu |

+---------+----------------+----------+

|      1 | Shaolin Pai    |       10 |

|      2 | Emei Pai       |        7 |

|      3 | QingCheng Pai  |       11 |

|      4 | Wudang Pai     |       12 |

|      5 | Riyue Shenjiao |       31 |

|      6 | Lianshan Pai   |       27 |

|      7 | Ming Jiao      |       27 |

|      8 | Xiaoyao Pai    |       15 |

|      9 | HuaShan Pai    |       32 |

|     10 | Fuwei Biaoju   |       19 |

+---------+----------------+----------+

10 rows in set (0.00 sec)

例2：指定–local选项，可以从本机任意路径导入数据

mysql> create table classes2 likeclasses;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.14 sec):

[root@www tmp]# cp classes2.sql /tmp

[root@www tmp]# mysqlimport -u root --localhellodb /tmp/classes2.sql

hellodb.classes2: Records: 10  Deleted: 0 Skipped: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> select  * from classes2;

+---------+----------------+----------+

| ClassID | Class          | NumOfStu |

+---------+----------------+----------+

|      1 | Shaolin Pai    |       10 |

|      2 | Emei Pai       |        7 |

|      3 | QingCheng Pai  |       11 |

|      4 | Wudang Pai     |       12 |

|      5 | Riyue Shenjiao |       31 |

|      6 | Lianshan Pai   |       27 |

|      7 | Ming Jiao      |       27 |

|      8 | Xiaoyao Pai    |       15 |

|      9 | HuaShan Pai    |       32 |

|     10 | Fuwei Biaoju   |       19 |

+---------+----------------+----------+

10 rows in set (0.00 sec)

例3：未指定–local选项，无法从my.cnf中定义的其它路径中往表里导入数据

mysql> delete from classes2;

Query OK, 10 rows affected (0.01 sec)

[root@www ~]# head /tmp/classes2.sql -n 3

1       ShaolinPai        10

2       EmeiPai   7

3       QingChengPai 11    

[root@www ~]# mysqlimport -u root hellodb/tmp/classes2.sql

mysqlimport: Error: 29, File '/tmp/classes2.sql'not found (Errcode: 13), when using table: classes2

例4：未指定–local选项，默认只从mysql数据存放路径同名数据库目录下读取文件导入表中，必须指定绝对路径。

mysql> delete from students1;

Query OK, 27 rows affected (2.60 sec)

[root@www tmp]# sed 's/\t/\|/g'students.sql> students1.sql

[root@www tmp]# head -n 2 students1.sql

1|Shi Zhongyu|22|M|2|3

2|Shi Potian|22|M|1|7

[root@www tmp]# cd

[root@www ~]# mysqlimport -u mhauser-p888888 hellodb students1.sql --fields-terminated="|"

mysqlimport: Error: 13, Can't get stat of'/var/lib/mysql/hellodb/students1.sql' (Errcode: 2), when using table:students1

未设置–local选项时，默认只从mysql数据存放路径同名数据库目录下读取文件导入

[root@www ~]# mysqlimport -u mhauser-p888888 hellodb /var/lib/mysql/tmp/students1.sql--fields-terminated="|"

hellodb.students1: Records: 27  Deleted: 0 Skipped: 0  Warnings: 0

例5：数据库存放表目录下同名文件导入表中，只需指定文件名

mysql> delete from students1;

Query OK, 27 rows affected (0.47 sec)

[root@www ~]# cd /var/lib/mysql/hellodb/

[root@www hellodb]# cp ../tmp/students1.sql.

将数据移到hellodb目录下，成功导入数据

[root@www hellodb]# mysqlimport -u mhauser-p888888 hellodb students1.sql --fields-terminated="|"

hellodb.students1: Records: 27  Deleted: 0 Skipped: 0  Warnings: 0

--fields-terminated="|"：指定字段分隔符

mysql> select * from students1 limit5,3;

+-------+-----------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+

| StuID | Name      | Age | Gender | ClassID | TeacherID |

+-------+-----------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+

|    6 | Shi Qing  |  46 | M     |       5 |      NULL |

|    7 | Xi Ren    |  19 | F     |       3 |      NULL |

|    8 | Lin Daiyu |  17 | F      |      7 |      NULL |

+-------+-----------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+

3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

例6：忽略前5行数据导入表中

[root@www tmp]# mysqlimport -u root --localhellodb classes2.sql --ignore-lines=5

hellodb.classes2: Records: 5  Deleted: 0 Skipped: 0  Warnings: 0

--ignore-lines=n：指定忽略前n行

mysql> select * from classes2;

+---------+--------------+----------+

| ClassID | Class        | NumOfStu |

+---------+--------------+----------+

|      6 | Lianshan Pai |       27 |

|      7 | Ming Jiao    |       27|

|      8 | Xiaoyao Pai  |       15 |

|      9 | HuaShan Pai  |       32 |

|     10 | Fuwei Biaoju |       19 |

+---------+--------------+----------+

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

例7：往非空表中导入数据

[root@www hellodb]# >students1.sql

[root@www hellodb]# vim students1.sql

[root@www hellodb]# mysqlimport -u mhauser-p888888 hellodb students1.sql --fields-terminated="|"

hellodb.students1: Records: 6  Deleted: 0 Skipped: 0  Warnings: 0

[root@www hellodb]# more  students1.sql

|Meng Qi D|17|M|2|3

|SuoLong|22|M|1|7

|Xiang Kesi|43|M|2|16

|KaiDuo|52|M|4|4

|JoBa|12|M|3|1

|Nami|18|F|4|1

[root@www hellodb]#

mysql> select * from students1 limit27,6;

+-------+------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+

| StuID | Name       | Age | Gender | ClassID | TeacherID |

+-------+------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+

|   28 | Meng Qi D  |  17 | M     |       2 |         3 |

|   29 | SuoLong    |  22 | M     |       1 |         7 |

|   30 | Xiang Kesi |  43 | M      |      2 |        16 |

|   31 | KaiDuo     |  52 | M     |       4 |         4 |

|   32 | JoBa       |  12 | M     |       3 |         1 |

|   33 | Nami       |  18 | F     |       4 |         1 |

+-------+------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+

6 rows in set (0.17 sec)

mysql> select count(*) from students1 ;

+----------+

| count(*) |

+----------+

|      33 |

+----------+

1 row in set (0.03 sec)

数据会追加在表后

例8、远程连接MySQL服务器导入特定字段

mysql> drop table students1;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (2.89 sec)

mysql> create table students1 likestudents;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (1.57 sec)

[root@test mysql]# more /tmp/students1.sql

Meng Qi D|17|M

SuoLong|22|M

Xiang Kesi|43|M

KaiDuo|52|M

JoBa|12|M|

Nami|18|F|

Luo Bing|25|F

Wu Suopu|20|M

[root@test mysql]# mysqlimport -h192.168.88.131 -u mhauser -p888888 hellodb --local --fields-terminated-by='|' '/tmp/students1.sql'--columns='Name,Age,Gender'

hellodb.students1: Records: 8  Deleted: 0 Skipped: 0  Warnings: 0

–columns=’Name,Age,Gender’：指定导入那些字段

-h 192.168.88.131：指定远程登录主机名

mysql> select * from students1;

+-------+------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+

| StuID | Name       | Age | Gender | ClassID | TeacherID |

+-------+------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+

|    1 | Meng Qi D  |  17 | M     |    NULL |      NULL |

|    2 | SuoLong    |  22 | M     |    NULL |     NULL |

|    3 | Xiang Kesi |  43 | M      |   NULL |      NULL |

|    4 | KaiDuo     |  52 | M     |    NULL |      NULL |

|    5 | JoBa       |  12 | M     |    NULL |      NULL |

|    6 | Nami       |  18 | F     |    NULL |      NULL |

|    7 | Luo Bing   |  25 | F     |    NULL |      NULL |

|    8 | Wu Suopu   |  20 | M     |    NULL |      NULL |

+-------+------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+

8 rows in set (0.01 sec)

例9、远程连接MySQL服务器导入特定字段，采用压缩传递数据的形式

mysql> drop table students1;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.75 sec)

mysql> create table students1 likestudents;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.66 sec)

[root@test mysql]# mysqlimport -h192.168.88.131 -u mhauser -p888888 hellodb --local -C --fields-terminated-by='|' '/tmp/students1.sql'--columns='Name,ClassID,Gender'

hellodb.students1: Records: 8  Deleted: 0 Skipped: 0  Warnings: 0

-C：指定压缩方式传递数据

mysql> select * from students1;

+-------+------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+

| StuID | Name       | Age | Gender | ClassID | TeacherID |

+-------+------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+

|    1 | Meng Qi D  |   0 | M     |      17 |      NULL |

|    2 | SuoLong    |   0 | M     |      22 |      NULL |

|    3 | Xiang Kesi |   0 | M      |     43 |      NULL |

|    4 | KaiDuo     |   0 | M     |      52 |      NULL |

|    5 | JoBa       |   0 | M     |      12 |      NULL |

|    6 | Nami       |   0 | F     |      18 |      NULL |

|    7 | Luo Bing   |   0 | F     |      25 |      NULL |

|    8 | Wu Suopu   |   0 | M     |      20 |      NULL |

+-------+------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+

8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

本文参与腾讯云自媒体同步曝光计划，分享自作者个人站点/博客。

原始发表：2020/11/27 ，如有侵权请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除

数据库