Nginx(二): worker 进程处理流程框架解析
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Nginx 启动起来之后，会有几个进程运行：1. master 进程接收用户命令并做出响应; 2. worker 进程负责处理各网络事件，并同时接收来自master的处理协调命令；
master 主要是一控制命令，我们后面再说，而worker则是处理的nginx的核心任务，请求转发、反向代理、负载均衡等工作。所以我们先来啃啃worker这块硬骨头吧！
0. worker 主循环
worker 的启动是被master 操作的，作为一个 fork 出来的进程，它拥有和master一样的内存数据信息。但它的活动范围相对较小，所以它并不会替代master的位置。
// unix/ngx_process_cycle.c
void
ngx_master_process_cycle(ngx_cycle_t *cycle)
{
char *title;
u_char *p;
size_t size;
ngx_int_t i;
ngx_uint_t sigio;
sigset_t set;
struct itimerval itv;
ngx_uint_t live;
ngx_msec_t delay;
ngx_core_conf_t *ccf;
sigemptyset(&set);
sigaddset(&set, SIGCHLD);
sigaddset(&set, SIGALRM);
sigaddset(&set, SIGIO);
sigaddset(&set, SIGINT);
sigaddset(&set, ngx_signal_value(NGX_RECONFIGURE_SIGNAL));
sigaddset(&set, ngx_signal_value(NGX_REOPEN_SIGNAL));
sigaddset(&set, ngx_signal_value(NGX_NOACCEPT_SIGNAL));
sigaddset(&set, ngx_signal_value(NGX_TERMINATE_SIGNAL));
sigaddset(&set, ngx_signal_value(NGX_SHUTDOWN_SIGNAL));
sigaddset(&set, ngx_signal_value(NGX_CHANGEBIN_SIGNAL));
if (sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &set, NULL) == -1) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,
"sigprocmask() failed");
}
sigemptyset(&set);
size = sizeof(master_process);
for (i = 0; i < ngx_argc; i++) {
size += ngx_strlen(ngx_argv[i]) + 1;
}
title = ngx_pnalloc(cycle->pool, size);
if (title == NULL) {
/* fatal */
exit(2);
}
p = ngx_cpymem(title, master_process, sizeof(master_process) - 1);
for (i = 0; i < ngx_argc; i++) {
*p++ = ' ';
p = ngx_cpystrn(p, (u_char *) ngx_argv[i], size);
}
ngx_setproctitle(title);
ccf = (ngx_core_conf_t *) ngx_get_conf(cycle->conf_ctx, ngx_core_module);
// 启动之后会主动启动 worker 进程
ngx_start_worker_processes(cycle, ccf->worker_processes,
NGX_PROCESS_RESPAWN);
ngx_start_cache_manager_processes(cycle, 0);
ngx_new_binary = 0;
delay = 0;
sigio = 0;
live = 1;
for ( ;; ) {
if (delay) {
if (ngx_sigalrm) {
sigio = 0;
delay *= 2;
ngx_sigalrm = 0;
}
ngx_log_debug1(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, cycle->log, 0,
"termination cycle: %M", delay);
itv.it_interval.tv_sec = 0;
itv.it_interval.tv_usec = 0;
itv.it_value.tv_sec = delay / 1000;
itv.it_value.tv_usec = (delay % 1000 ) * 1000;
if (setitimer(ITIMER_REAL, &itv, NULL) == -1) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,
"setitimer() failed");
}
}
ngx_log_debug0(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, cycle->log, 0, "sigsuspend");
sigsuspend(&set);
ngx_time_update();
ngx_log_debug1(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, cycle->log, 0,
"wake up, sigio %i", sigio);
if (ngx_reap) {
ngx_reap = 0;
ngx_log_debug0(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, cycle->log, 0, "reap children");
live = ngx_reap_children(cycle);
}
if (!live && (ngx_terminate || ngx_quit)) {
ngx_master_process_exit(cycle);
}
if (ngx_terminate) {
if (delay == 0) {
delay = 50;
}
if (sigio) {
sigio--;
continue;
}
sigio = ccf->worker_processes + 2 /* cache processes */;
if (delay > 1000) {
ngx_signal_worker_processes(cycle, SIGKILL);
} else {
ngx_signal_worker_processes(cycle,
ngx_signal_value(NGX_TERMINATE_SIGNAL));
}
continue;
}
if (ngx_quit) {
ngx_signal_worker_processes(cycle,
ngx_signal_value(NGX_SHUTDOWN_SIGNAL));
ngx_close_listening_sockets(cycle);
continue;
}
if (ngx_reconfigure) {
ngx_reconfigure = 0;
if (ngx_new_binary) {
ngx_start_worker_processes(cycle, ccf->worker_processes,
NGX_PROCESS_RESPAWN);
ngx_start_cache_manager_processes(cycle, 0);
ngx_noaccepting = 0;
continue;
}
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_NOTICE, cycle->log, 0, "reconfiguring");
cycle = ngx_init_cycle(cycle);
if (cycle == NULL) {
cycle = (ngx_cycle_t *) ngx_cycle;
continue;
}
ngx_cycle = cycle;
ccf = (ngx_core_conf_t *) ngx_get_conf(cycle->conf_ctx,
ngx_core_module);
// 收到reconfig命令时，重启worker 进程
ngx_start_worker_processes(cycle, ccf->worker_processes,
NGX_PROCESS_JUST_RESPAWN);
ngx_start_cache_manager_processes(cycle, 1);
/* allow new processes to start */
ngx_msleep(100);
live = 1;
ngx_signal_worker_processes(cycle,
ngx_signal_value(NGX_SHUTDOWN_SIGNAL));
}
if (ngx_restart) {
ngx_restart = 0;
// 收到重启命令时，传递消息给 worker
ngx_start_worker_processes(cycle, ccf->worker_processes,
NGX_PROCESS_RESPAWN);
ngx_start_cache_manager_processes(cycle, 0);
live = 1;
}
if (ngx_reopen) {
ngx_reopen = 0;
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_NOTICE, cycle->log, 0, "reopening logs");
ngx_reopen_files(cycle, ccf->user);
ngx_signal_worker_processes(cycle,
ngx_signal_value(NGX_REOPEN_SIGNAL));
}
if (ngx_change_binary) {
ngx_change_binary = 0;
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_NOTICE, cycle->log, 0, "changing binary");
ngx_new_binary = ngx_exec_new_binary(cycle, ngx_argv);
}
if (ngx_noaccept) {
ngx_noaccept = 0;
ngx_noaccepting = 1;
ngx_signal_worker_processes(cycle,
ngx_signal_value(NGX_SHUTDOWN_SIGNAL));
}
}
}
static void
ngx_start_worker_processes(ngx_cycle_t *cycle, ngx_int_t n, ngx_int_t type)
{
ngx_int_t i;
ngx_channel_t ch;
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_NOTICE, cycle->log, 0, "start worker processes");
ngx_memzero(&ch, sizeof(ngx_channel_t));
ch.command = NGX_CMD_OPEN_CHANNEL;
// n 代表worker的进程数， 在 nginx.conf 中配置
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
// 依次启动 worker 进程，实际上就是通过fork进行子进程启动的
ngx_spawn_process(cycle, ngx_worker_process_cycle,
(void *) (intptr_t) i, "worker process", type);
ch.pid = ngx_processes[ngx_process_slot].pid;
ch.slot = ngx_process_slot;
ch.fd = ngx_processes[ngx_process_slot].channel[0];
ngx_pass_open_channel(cycle, &ch);
}
}
ngx_pid_t
ngx_spawn_process(ngx_cycle_t *cycle, ngx_spawn_proc_pt proc, void *data,
char *name, ngx_int_t respawn)
{
u_long on;
ngx_pid_t pid;
ngx_int_t s;
if (respawn >= 0) {
s = respawn;
} else {
for (s = 0; s < ngx_last_process; s++) {
if (ngx_processes[s].pid == -1) {
break;
}
}
if (s == NGX_MAX_PROCESSES) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, 0,
"no more than %d processes can be spawned",
NGX_MAX_PROCESSES);
return NGX_INVALID_PID;
}
}
if (respawn != NGX_PROCESS_DETACHED) {
/* Solaris 9 still has no AF_LOCAL */
if (socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, ngx_processes[s].channel) == -1)
{
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,
"socketpair() failed while spawning \"%s\"", name);
return NGX_INVALID_PID;
}
ngx_log_debug2(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_CORE, cycle->log, 0,
"channel %d:%d",
ngx_processes[s].channel[0],
ngx_processes[s].channel[1]);
if (ngx_nonblocking(ngx_processes[s].channel[0]) == -1) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,
ngx_nonblocking_n " failed while spawning \"%s\"",
name);
ngx_close_channel(ngx_processes[s].channel, cycle->log);
return NGX_INVALID_PID;
}
if (ngx_nonblocking(ngx_processes[s].channel[1]) == -1) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,
ngx_nonblocking_n " failed while spawning \"%s\"",
name);
ngx_close_channel(ngx_processes[s].channel, cycle->log);
return NGX_INVALID_PID;
}
on = 1;
if (ioctl(ngx_processes[s].channel[0], FIOASYNC, &on) == -1) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,
"ioctl(FIOASYNC) failed while spawning \"%s\"", name);
ngx_close_channel(ngx_processes[s].channel, cycle->log);
return NGX_INVALID_PID;
}
if (fcntl(ngx_processes[s].channel[0], F_SETOWN, ngx_pid) == -1) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,
"fcntl(F_SETOWN) failed while spawning \"%s\"", name);
ngx_close_channel(ngx_processes[s].channel, cycle->log);
return NGX_INVALID_PID;
}
if (fcntl(ngx_processes[s].channel[0], F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC) == -1) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,
"fcntl(FD_CLOEXEC) failed while spawning \"%s\"",
name);
ngx_close_channel(ngx_processes[s].channel, cycle->log);
return NGX_INVALID_PID;
}
if (fcntl(ngx_processes[s].channel[1], F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC) == -1) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,
"fcntl(FD_CLOEXEC) failed while spawning \"%s\"",
name);
ngx_close_channel(ngx_processes[s].channel, cycle->log);
return NGX_INVALID_PID;
}
ngx_channel = ngx_processes[s].channel[1];
} else {
ngx_processes[s].channel[0] = -1;
ngx_processes[s].channel[1] = -1;
}
ngx_process_slot = s;
// fork 出子进程出来
pid = fork();
switch (pid) {
case -1:
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,
"fork() failed while spawning \"%s\"", name);
ngx_close_channel(ngx_processes[s].channel, cycle->log);
return NGX_INVALID_PID;
case 0:
ngx_parent = ngx_pid;
ngx_pid = ngx_getpid();
// 子进程将调用传入的处理方法，worker 则会进入循环处理事件逻辑中
// 即 ngx_worker_process_cycle 循环
proc(cycle, data);
break;
default:
break;
}
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_NOTICE, cycle->log, 0, "start %s %P", name, pid);
ngx_processes[s].pid = pid;
ngx_processes[s].exited = 0;
if (respawn >= 0) {
return pid;
}
ngx_processes[s].proc = proc;
ngx_processes[s].data = data;
ngx_processes[s].name = name;
ngx_processes[s].exiting = 0;
switch (respawn) {
case NGX_PROCESS_NORESPAWN:
ngx_processes[s].respawn = 0;
ngx_processes[s].just_spawn = 0;
ngx_processes[s].detached = 0;
break;
case NGX_PROCESS_JUST_SPAWN:
ngx_processes[s].respawn = 0;
ngx_processes[s].just_spawn = 1;
ngx_processes[s].detached = 0;
break;
case NGX_PROCESS_RESPAWN:
ngx_processes[s].respawn = 1;
ngx_processes[s].just_spawn = 0;
ngx_processes[s].detached = 0;
break;
case NGX_PROCESS_JUST_RESPAWN:
ngx_processes[s].respawn = 1;
ngx_processes[s].just_spawn = 1;
ngx_processes[s].detached = 0;
break;
case NGX_PROCESS_DETACHED:
ngx_processes[s].respawn = 0;
ngx_processes[s].just_spawn = 0;
ngx_processes[s].detached = 1;
break;
}
if (s == ngx_last_process) {
ngx_last_process++;
}
return pid;
}
// os/unix/ngx_process_cycle.c
// worker 主循环服务
static void
ngx_worker_process_cycle(ngx_cycle_t *cycle, void *data)
{
ngx_int_t worker = (intptr_t) data;
ngx_process = NGX_PROCESS_WORKER;
ngx_worker = worker;
ngx_worker_process_init(cycle, worker);
// 进程标题 worker process
ngx_setproctitle("worker process");
// 死循环处理 worker 事务
for ( ;; ) {
// 大部分逻辑在接受 master 传递过来折命令
if (ngx_exiting) {
if (ngx_event_no_timers_left() == NGX_OK) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_NOTICE, cycle->log, 0, "exiting");
ngx_worker_process_exit(cycle);
}
}
ngx_log_debug0(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, cycle->log, 0, "worker cycle");
// 这是其核心任务，检测事件、处理事件
ngx_process_events_and_timers(cycle);
// 大部分逻辑在接受 master 传递过来折命令
if (ngx_terminate) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_NOTICE, cycle->log, 0, "exiting");
ngx_worker_process_exit(cycle);
}
// 退出事件
if (ngx_quit) {
ngx_quit = 0;
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_NOTICE, cycle->log, 0,
"gracefully shutting down");
ngx_setproctitle("worker process is shutting down");
if (!ngx_exiting) {
ngx_exiting = 1;
ngx_set_shutdown_timer(cycle);
ngx_close_listening_sockets(cycle);
ngx_close_idle_connections(cycle);
}
}
// reopen 事件
if (ngx_reopen) {
ngx_reopen = 0;
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_NOTICE, cycle->log, 0, "reopening logs");
ngx_reopen_files(cycle, -1);
}
}
}上面就是nginx worker的主要功能体现, 使用一个死循环提供服务. 有很多是接口master命令进行响应的逻辑, 咱们忽略其对master命令的响应，观其业务核心: ngx_process_events_and_timers .
// event/ngx_event.c
// nginx worker 处理io事件和超时队列流程
void
ngx_process_events_and_timers(ngx_cycle_t *cycle)
{
ngx_uint_t flags;
ngx_msec_t timer, delta;
if (ngx_timer_resolution) {
timer = NGX_TIMER_INFINITE;
flags = 0;
} else {
// 获取timer
timer = ngx_event_find_timer();
flags = NGX_UPDATE_TIME;
#if (NGX_WIN32)
/* handle signals from master in case of network inactivity */
if (timer == NGX_TIMER_INFINITE || timer > 500) {
timer = 500;
}
#endif
}
// 使用锁进行 tcp 监听
// 该锁基于 shm 实现，多进程共享内存
if (ngx_use_accept_mutex) {
// disabled 用于优化监听锁竞争，直到 ngx_accept_disabled 小于0
if (ngx_accept_disabled > 0) {
ngx_accept_disabled--;
} else {
// 通过 shm 获取一个进程锁，没抢到锁则直接返回了
// 获取到accept锁之后，其会注册 read 事件监听，所以，当其返回后，则意味着数据就绪
if (ngx_trylock_accept_mutex(cycle) == NGX_ERROR) {
return;
}
// 获取到锁，设置 flags
if (ngx_accept_mutex_held) {
flags |= NGX_POST_EVENTS;
} else {
if (timer == NGX_TIMER_INFINITE
|| timer > ngx_accept_mutex_delay)
{
timer = ngx_accept_mutex_delay;
}
}
}
}
// post 事件队列不为空，则触发事件处理
if (!ngx_queue_empty(&ngx_posted_next_events)) {
ngx_event_move_posted_next(cycle);
timer = 0;
}
delta = ngx_current_msec;
// 处理事件 ngx_event_actions.process_events, 将会进行阻塞等待
// 此处的 ngx_event_actions 由系统决定如何初始化，如 linux 下
// 使用 event/modules/ngx_epoll_module.c 中的定义 ngx_event_actions = ngx_epoll_module_ctx.actions;
// 而其他系统则另外决定, 总体来说可能有以下几种可能
// ngx_devpoll_module_ctx.actions;
// ngx_epoll_module_ctx.actions;
// ngx_eventport_module_ctx.actions;
// ngx_iocp_module_ctx.actions;
// ngx_kqueue_module_ctx.actions;
// ngx_select_module_ctx.actions;
// ngx_poll_module_ctx.actions;
/**
* 其定义样例如下:
static ngx_event_module_t ngx_select_module_ctx = {
&select_name,
NULL, /* create configuration */
ngx_select_init_conf, /* init configuration */
{
ngx_select_add_event, /* add an event */
ngx_select_del_event, /* delete an event */
ngx_select_add_event, /* enable an event */
ngx_select_del_event, /* disable an event */
NULL, /* add an connection */
NULL, /* delete an connection */
NULL, /* trigger a notify */
ngx_select_process_events, /* process the events */
ngx_select_init, /* init the events */
ngx_select_done /* done the events */
}
};
*/
(void) ngx_process_events(cycle, timer, flags);
// 计算耗时
delta = ngx_current_msec - delta;
ngx_log_debug1(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, cycle->log, 0,
"timer delta: %M", delta);
// 处理 posted 事件，它存放在 ngx_posted_accept_events 队列中
ngx_event_process_posted(cycle, &ngx_posted_accept_events);
// 处理完事件后，释放锁
if (ngx_accept_mutex_held) {
ngx_shmtx_unlock(&ngx_accept_mutex);
}
// 处理超时的任务
if (delta) {
ngx_event_expire_timers();
}
// 读写事件将会被添加到 ngx_posted_events 队列中
ngx_event_process_posted(cycle, &ngx_posted_events);
}以上也就是nginx worker的主要功能框架了:
1. 先通过shm获取tcp的监听锁, 避免socket惊群; 2. 获取到锁的worker进程, 将会注册accept的read事件，没有抢到锁的进程不会立即返回，因为他还可以继续处理其他事件，以及在之前被监听到的socket（此处io事件处理决定了worker不会进行空转）; 3. 如果有 ngx_posted_next_events 队列, 则先处理其队列请求; 4. 根据系统类型调用网络io模块, select 机制接收io事件; 5. 接入accept事件后, 释放accept锁(基于shm); 6. 处理过期超时队列; 7. 处理普通的已接入的socket的读写事件;
一次处理往往只会处理部分事件, 比如可能只是处理了 accept, read 则需要在下一次或n次之后才会处理, 这也是异步机制非阻塞的体现.
1.worker 时序图
下面我先给到一个整个worker的工作时序图, 以便有个整体的认知.
接下来我们从几个点依次简单看看 nginx 是如何处理各细节的.
2. 获取accept锁及注册accept事件
由于nginx是基于多进程实现的并发处理, 那么各进程必然都需要监听相同的端口数据, 如果没有锁控制, 则当有事件到达时, 必然导致各进程同时被唤醒, 即所谓的惊群. 所以, nginx 提供了一个锁机制, 使同一时刻只有一个进程在监听某端口, 从而避免竞争. 实现方式是基于共享内存 shm 实现.(如果是多线程方式会更简单哟)
// event/ngx_event_accept.c
ngx_int_t
ngx_trylock_accept_mutex(ngx_cycle_t *cycle)
{
// 首先获取shm锁, 通过 shm 实现进程数据共享
if (ngx_shmtx_trylock(&ngx_accept_mutex)) {
ngx_log_debug0(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, cycle->log, 0,
"accept mutex locked");
// 如果上一次就是自己执行的accept操作, 则直接返回
// 否则需要重新注册accept监听
if (ngx_accept_mutex_held && ngx_accept_events == 0) {
return NGX_OK;
}
// 注册 accept 事件
if (ngx_enable_accept_events(cycle) == NGX_ERROR) {
ngx_shmtx_unlock(&ngx_accept_mutex);
return NGX_ERROR;
}
ngx_accept_events = 0;
ngx_accept_mutex_held = 1;
return NGX_OK;
}
ngx_log_debug1(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, cycle->log, 0,
"accept mutex lock failed: %ui", ngx_accept_mutex_held);
if (ngx_accept_mutex_held) {
// 如果没有获取到锁，则将之前注册的 accept 事件取消，避免惊群
if (ngx_disable_accept_events(cycle, 0) == NGX_ERROR) {
return NGX_ERROR;
}
ngx_accept_mutex_held = 0;
}
// 不管有没有获取到锁, 都会执行后续的逻辑, 因为除了 accept 外, 还有read/write事件需要处理
return NGX_OK;
}
// core/ngx_shmtx.c, 获取锁，锁的值为当前进程id
ngx_uint_t
ngx_shmtx_trylock(ngx_shmtx_t *mtx)
{
return (*mtx->lock == 0 && ngx_atomic_cmp_set(mtx->lock, 0, ngx_pid));
}
// 注册 accept 事件监听
// event/ngx_event_accept.c
ngx_int_t
ngx_enable_accept_events(ngx_cycle_t *cycle)
{
ngx_uint_t i;
ngx_listening_t *ls;
ngx_connection_t *c;
ls = cycle->listening.elts;
for (i = 0; i < cycle->listening.nelts; i++) {
c = ls[i].connection;
if (c == NULL || c->read->active) {
continue;
}
// 注册accept事件，READ ?
// 交由 ngx_event_actions.add 处理, 实际运行由系统决定, 如 ngx_select_add_event
if (ngx_add_event(c->read, NGX_READ_EVENT, 0) == NGX_ERROR) {
return NGX_ERROR;
}
}
return NGX_OK;
}
// event/module/ngx_select_module.c
// 注册一个 io 事件监听, fd_set
static ngx_int_t
ngx_select_add_event(ngx_event_t *ev, ngx_int_t event, ngx_uint_t flags)
{
ngx_connection_t *c;
c = ev->data;
ngx_log_debug2(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, ev->log, 0,
"select add event fd:%d ev:%i", c->fd, event);
if (ev->index != NGX_INVALID_INDEX) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, ev->log, 0,
"select event fd:%d ev:%i is already set", c->fd, event);
return NGX_OK;
}
if ((event == NGX_READ_EVENT && ev->write)
|| (event == NGX_WRITE_EVENT && !ev->write))
{
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, ev->log, 0,
"invalid select %s event fd:%d ev:%i",
ev->write ? "write" : "read", c->fd, event);
return NGX_ERROR;
}
if (event == NGX_READ_EVENT) {
FD_SET(c->fd, &master_read_fd_set);
} else if (event == NGX_WRITE_EVENT) {
FD_SET(c->fd, &master_write_fd_set);
}
if (max_fd != -1 && max_fd < c->fd) {
max_fd = c->fd;
}
ev->active = 1;
event_index[nevents] = ev;
ev->index = nevents;
nevents++;
return NGX_OK;
}主要就是shm的应用，以及fd_set处理。
3. 通用处理队列实现
在 ngx_process_events_and_timers 中, 我们看到, 在io事件返回之后, 都会多次进行队列处理. 它们的不同仅在于 队列不同. 那么, 它是如何实现这个处理过程的呢?
我们分两块来看这事: 1. 队列的数据结构; 2. 执行队列任务; so... 就这样呗.
// 1. 队列数据结构
// 额, 两个循环嵌套的指针就是其结构了
typedef struct ngx_queue_s ngx_queue_t;
struct ngx_queue_s {
ngx_queue_t *prev;
ngx_queue_t *next;
};
// 实际上, 此处还会有一个强制类型转换 ngx_event_t
typedef struct ngx_event_s ngx_event_t;
struct ngx_event_s {
void *data;
unsigned write:1;
unsigned accept:1;
/* used to detect the stale events in kqueue and epoll */
unsigned instance:1;
/*
* the event was passed or would be passed to a kernel;
* in aio mode - operation was posted.
*/
unsigned active:1;
unsigned disabled:1;
/* the ready event; in aio mode 0 means that no operation can be posted */
unsigned ready:1;
unsigned oneshot:1;
/* aio operation is complete */
unsigned complete:1;
unsigned eof:1;
unsigned error:1;
unsigned timedout:1;
unsigned timer_set:1;
unsigned delayed:1;
unsigned deferred_accept:1;
/* the pending eof reported by kqueue, epoll or in aio chain operation */
unsigned pending_eof:1;
unsigned posted:1;
unsigned closed:1;
/* to test on worker exit */
unsigned channel:1;
unsigned resolver:1;
unsigned cancelable:1;
#if (NGX_HAVE_KQUEUE)
unsigned kq_vnode:1;
/* the pending errno reported by kqueue */
int kq_errno;
#endif
/*
* kqueue only:
* accept: number of sockets that wait to be accepted
* read: bytes to read when event is ready
* or lowat when event is set with NGX_LOWAT_EVENT flag
* write: available space in buffer when event is ready
* or lowat when event is set with NGX_LOWAT_EVENT flag
*
* iocp: TODO
*
* otherwise:
* accept: 1 if accept many, 0 otherwise
* read: bytes to read when event is ready, -1 if not known
*/
int available;
// 这个handler 比较重要, 它决定了本事件如何进行处理
ngx_event_handler_pt handler;
#if (NGX_HAVE_IOCP)
ngx_event_ovlp_t ovlp;
#endif
ngx_uint_t index;
ngx_log_t *log;
ngx_rbtree_node_t timer;
// queue 则是存放整个队列所有数据的地方
/* the posted queue */
ngx_queue_t queue;
#if 0
/* the threads support */
/*
* the event thread context, we store it here
* if $(CC) does not understand __thread declaration
* and pthread_getspecific() is too costly
*/
void *thr_ctx;
#if (NGX_EVENT_T_PADDING)
/* event should not cross cache line in SMP */
uint32_t padding[NGX_EVENT_T_PADDING];
#endif
#endif
};
// 有了数据结构支持后, 要处理队列就简单了, 只需遍历数据即可
// event/ngx_event_posted.c
void
ngx_event_process_posted(ngx_cycle_t *cycle, ngx_queue_t *posted)
{
ngx_queue_t *q;
ngx_event_t *ev;
while (!ngx_queue_empty(posted)) {
q = ngx_queue_head(posted);
ev = ngx_queue_data(q, ngx_event_t, queue);
ngx_log_debug1(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, cycle->log, 0,
"posted event %p", ev);
// 先删除事件，再进行处理， 这在单进程单线程下没有问题的哟
ngx_delete_posted_event(ev);
// 调用 event 对应的handler 处理事件
// 所以核心在于这个 handler 的定义
ev->handler(ev);
}
}以上的实现, 虽然是面向过程语言写的, 但因为有 struct 数据类型的支持, 实际上也是面向对象的概念呢.
4. io事件的监听实现
作为一个web服务器或者反向代理服务器, 其核心必然是网络io事件的处理. nginx 会根据不同的操作系统支持, 选择不同的io模型进行io事件的监听, 充分发挥系统的性能. 这也是其制胜之道吧. 具体如何确定哪种类型, 实际上可以在进行编译的时候, 获取系统变量来断定. (稍详细的说明, 见前面代码注释)
我们以 select 的实现来看看细节:
// event/module/ngx_select_module.c
// io 事件监听
static ngx_int_t
ngx_select_process_events(ngx_cycle_t *cycle, ngx_msec_t timer,
ngx_uint_t flags)
{
int ready, nready;
ngx_err_t err;
ngx_uint_t i, found;
ngx_event_t *ev;
ngx_queue_t *queue;
struct timeval tv, *tp;
ngx_connection_t *c;
// 获取 max_fd, 系统传值需要
if (max_fd == -1) {
for (i = 0; i < nevents; i++) {
c = event_index[i]->data;
if (max_fd < c->fd) {
max_fd = c->fd;
}
}
ngx_log_debug1(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, cycle->log, 0,
"change max_fd: %i", max_fd);
}
#if (NGX_DEBUG)
if (cycle->log->log_level & NGX_LOG_DEBUG_ALL) {
for (i = 0; i < nevents; i++) {
ev = event_index[i];
c = ev->data;
ngx_log_debug2(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, cycle->log, 0,
"select event: fd:%d wr:%d", c->fd, ev->write);
}
ngx_log_debug1(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, cycle->log, 0,
"max_fd: %i", max_fd);
}
#endif
if (timer == NGX_TIMER_INFINITE) {
tp = NULL;
} else {
tv.tv_sec = (long) (timer / 1000);
tv.tv_usec = (long) ((timer % 1000) * 1000);
tp = &tv;
}
ngx_log_debug1(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, cycle->log, 0,
"select timer: %M", timer);
work_read_fd_set = master_read_fd_set;
work_write_fd_set = master_write_fd_set;
// 在此处交由内核进行处理网络事件，epoll 机制，至少有一个事件到来时返回
// tp 代表是否要超时退出
ready = select(max_fd + 1, &work_read_fd_set, &work_write_fd_set, NULL, tp);
err = (ready == -1) ? ngx_errno : 0;
if (flags & NGX_UPDATE_TIME || ngx_event_timer_alarm) {
// 事件结束后，先尝试更新gmtTime 时间信息
ngx_time_update();
}
ngx_log_debug1(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, cycle->log, 0,
"select ready %d", ready);
if (err) {
ngx_uint_t level;
if (err == NGX_EINTR) {
if (ngx_event_timer_alarm) {
ngx_event_timer_alarm = 0;
return NGX_OK;
}
level = NGX_LOG_INFO;
} else {
level = NGX_LOG_ALERT;
}
ngx_log_error(level, cycle->log, err, "select() failed");
if (err == NGX_EBADF) {
ngx_select_repair_fd_sets(cycle);
}
return NGX_ERROR;
}
if (ready == 0) {
if (timer != NGX_TIMER_INFINITE) {
return NGX_OK;
}
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, 0,
"select() returned no events without timeout");
return NGX_ERROR;
}
nready = 0;
// 遍历所有事件
for (i = 0; i < nevents; i++) {
ev = event_index[i];
c = ev->data;
found = 0;
// 写事件处理
if (ev->write) {
if (FD_ISSET(c->fd, &work_write_fd_set)) {
found = 1;
ngx_log_debug1(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, cycle->log, 0,
"select write %d", c->fd);
}
}
// 读或accept事件
else {
if (FD_ISSET(c->fd, &work_read_fd_set)) {
found = 1;
ngx_log_debug1(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, cycle->log, 0,
"select read %d", c->fd);
}
}
// 读写就绪事件 found 都为1
if (found) {
ev->ready = 1;
ev->available = -1;
// 如果是 accept 事件则取 ngx_posted_accept_events 队列
// 否则取 ngx_posted_events 队列
queue = ev->accept ? &ngx_posted_accept_events
: &ngx_posted_events;
// 将事件插入到相应队列尾部
ngx_post_event(ev, queue);
// 有效就绪事件+1
nready++;
}
}
// 如果两个值不相等，则需要修正下
if (ready != nready) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, 0,
"select ready != events: %d:%d", ready, nready);
ngx_select_repair_fd_sets(cycle);
}
return NGX_OK;
}上面就是io事件的处理的了, 因为是 select 的实现, 所以调用系统的 select() 函数即可接收网络事件了. 具体能获取哪些事件, 实际上前面的工作已经决定了. 此处只是一个执行者的角色. 它是否高效, 则是取决于操作系统的io模型是否高效了. 有兴趣的同学可以看下 epoll 的实现.
5. accept 事件的处理
当系统发现有新的网络连接进来时, 会生成一个accept的事件, 给到应用. nginx 接收到accept事件后, 会放入 ngx_posted_accept_events 中, 然后调用通用队列处理方法处理队列. 此处的 handler 是 ngx_event_accept . 其核心工作就是建立新的socket连接, 以便后续读写.
// event/ngx_event_accept.c
// accept 事件处理入口
void
ngx_event_accept(ngx_event_t *ev)
{
socklen_t socklen;
ngx_err_t err;
ngx_log_t *log;
ngx_uint_t level;
ngx_socket_t s;
ngx_event_t *rev, *wev;
ngx_sockaddr_t sa;
ngx_listening_t *ls;
ngx_connection_t *c, *lc;
ngx_event_conf_t *ecf;
#if (NGX_HAVE_ACCEPT4)
static ngx_uint_t use_accept4 = 1;
#endif
if (ev->timedout) {
if (ngx_enable_accept_events((ngx_cycle_t *) ngx_cycle) != NGX_OK) {
return;
}
ev->timedout = 0;
}
// 获取配置信息
ecf = ngx_event_get_conf(ngx_cycle->conf_ctx, ngx_event_core_module);
if (!(ngx_event_flags & NGX_USE_KQUEUE_EVENT)) {
ev->available = ecf->multi_accept;
}
lc = ev->data;
ls = lc->listening;
ev->ready = 0;
ngx_log_debug2(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, ev->log, 0,
"accept on %V, ready: %d", &ls->addr_text, ev->available);
// 循环处理socket数据
do {
socklen = sizeof(ngx_sockaddr_t);
#if (NGX_HAVE_ACCEPT4)
if (use_accept4) {
// 调用accept() 方法接入socket连接
s = accept4(lc->fd, &sa.sockaddr, &socklen, SOCK_NONBLOCK);
} else {
s = accept(lc->fd, &sa.sockaddr, &socklen);
}
#else
s = accept(lc->fd, &sa.sockaddr, &socklen);
#endif
if (s == (ngx_socket_t) -1) {
err = ngx_socket_errno;
if (err == NGX_EAGAIN) {
ngx_log_debug0(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, ev->log, err,
"accept() not ready");
return;
}
level = NGX_LOG_ALERT;
if (err == NGX_ECONNABORTED) {
level = NGX_LOG_ERR;
} else if (err == NGX_EMFILE || err == NGX_ENFILE) {
level = NGX_LOG_CRIT;
}
#if (NGX_HAVE_ACCEPT4)
ngx_log_error(level, ev->log, err,
use_accept4 ? "accept4() failed" : "accept() failed");
if (use_accept4 && err == NGX_ENOSYS) {
use_accept4 = 0;
ngx_inherited_nonblocking = 0;
continue;
}
#else
ngx_log_error(level, ev->log, err, "accept() failed");
#endif
if (err == NGX_ECONNABORTED) {
if (ngx_event_flags & NGX_USE_KQUEUE_EVENT) {
ev->available--;
}
if (ev->available) {
continue;
}
}
if (err == NGX_EMFILE || err == NGX_ENFILE) {
if (ngx_disable_accept_events((ngx_cycle_t *) ngx_cycle, 1)
!= NGX_OK)
{
return;
}
if (ngx_use_accept_mutex) {
if (ngx_accept_mutex_held) {
ngx_shmtx_unlock(&ngx_accept_mutex);
ngx_accept_mutex_held = 0;
}
ngx_accept_disabled = 1;
} else {
ngx_add_timer(ev, ecf->accept_mutex_delay);
}
}
return;
}
#if (NGX_STAT_STUB)
(void) ngx_atomic_fetch_add(ngx_stat_accepted, 1);
#endif
ngx_accept_disabled = ngx_cycle->connection_n / 8
- ngx_cycle->free_connection_n;
// 获取socket读写指针
c = ngx_get_connection(s, ev->log);
if (c == NULL) {
if (ngx_close_socket(s) == -1) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, ev->log, ngx_socket_errno,
ngx_close_socket_n " failed");
}
return;
}
c->type = SOCK_STREAM;
#if (NGX_STAT_STUB)
(void) ngx_atomic_fetch_add(ngx_stat_active, 1);
#endif
// 创建内存空间
c->pool = ngx_create_pool(ls->pool_size, ev->log);
if (c->pool == NULL) {
ngx_close_accepted_connection(c);
return;
}
if (socklen > (socklen_t) sizeof(ngx_sockaddr_t)) {
socklen = sizeof(ngx_sockaddr_t);
}
c->sockaddr = ngx_palloc(c->pool, socklen);
if (c->sockaddr == NULL) {
ngx_close_accepted_connection(c);
return;
}
ngx_memcpy(c->sockaddr, &sa, socklen);
log = ngx_palloc(c->pool, sizeof(ngx_log_t));
if (log == NULL) {
ngx_close_accepted_connection(c);
return;
}
/* set a blocking mode for iocp and non-blocking mode for others */
if (ngx_inherited_nonblocking) {
if (ngx_event_flags & NGX_USE_IOCP_EVENT) {
if (ngx_blocking(s) == -1) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, ev->log, ngx_socket_errno,
ngx_blocking_n " failed");
ngx_close_accepted_connection(c);
return;
}
}
} else {
if (!(ngx_event_flags & NGX_USE_IOCP_EVENT)) {
if (ngx_nonblocking(s) == -1) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, ev->log, ngx_socket_errno,
ngx_nonblocking_n " failed");
ngx_close_accepted_connection(c);
return;
}
}
}
*log = ls->log;
// 创建各种上下文环境给到socket连接
c->recv = ngx_recv;
c->send = ngx_send;
c->recv_chain = ngx_recv_chain;
c->send_chain = ngx_send_chain;
c->log = log;
c->pool->log = log;
c->socklen = socklen;
c->listening = ls;
c->local_sockaddr = ls->sockaddr;
c->local_socklen = ls->socklen;
#if (NGX_HAVE_UNIX_DOMAIN)
if (c->sockaddr->sa_family == AF_UNIX) {
c->tcp_nopush = NGX_TCP_NOPUSH_DISABLED;
c->tcp_nodelay = NGX_TCP_NODELAY_DISABLED;
#if (NGX_SOLARIS)
/* Solaris's sendfilev() supports AF_NCA, AF_INET, and AF_INET6 */
c->sendfile = 0;
#endif
}
#endif
rev = c->read;
wev = c->write;
wev->ready = 1;
if (ngx_event_flags & NGX_USE_IOCP_EVENT) {
rev->ready = 1;
}
if (ev->deferred_accept) {
rev->ready = 1;
#if (NGX_HAVE_KQUEUE || NGX_HAVE_EPOLLRDHUP)
rev->available = 1;
#endif
}
rev->log = log;
wev->log = log;
/*
* TODO: MT: - ngx_atomic_fetch_add()
* or protection by critical section or light mutex
*
* TODO: MP: - allocated in a shared memory
* - ngx_atomic_fetch_add()
* or protection by critical section or light mutex
*/
c->number = ngx_atomic_fetch_add(ngx_connection_counter, 1);
#if (NGX_STAT_STUB)
(void) ngx_atomic_fetch_add(ngx_stat_handled, 1);
#endif
if (ls->addr_ntop) {
c->addr_text.data = ngx_pnalloc(c->pool, ls->addr_text_max_len);
if (c->addr_text.data == NULL) {
ngx_close_accepted_connection(c);
return;
}
c->addr_text.len = ngx_sock_ntop(c->sockaddr, c->socklen,
c->addr_text.data,
ls->addr_text_max_len, 0);
if (c->addr_text.len == 0) {
ngx_close_accepted_connection(c);
return;
}
}
#if (NGX_DEBUG)
{
ngx_str_t addr;
u_char text[NGX_SOCKADDR_STRLEN];
ngx_debug_accepted_connection(ecf, c);
if (log->log_level & NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT) {
addr.data = text;
addr.len = ngx_sock_ntop(c->sockaddr, c->socklen, text,
NGX_SOCKADDR_STRLEN, 1);
ngx_log_debug3(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, log, 0,
"*%uA accept: %V fd:%d", c->number, &addr, s);
}
}
#endif
if (ngx_add_conn && (ngx_event_flags & NGX_USE_EPOLL_EVENT) == 0) {
if (ngx_add_conn(c) == NGX_ERROR) {
ngx_close_accepted_connection(c);
return;
}
}
log->data = NULL;
log->handler = NULL;
// 处理就绪的io事件，读写事件，此处将会转到 http 模块处理
ls->handler(c);
if (ngx_event_flags & NGX_USE_KQUEUE_EVENT) {
ev->available--;
}
} while (ev->available);
}
// http/ngx_http_request.c
// 初始化socket连接, 接入 http模块
void
ngx_http_init_connection(ngx_connection_t *c)
{
ngx_uint_t i;
ngx_event_t *rev;
struct sockaddr_in *sin;
ngx_http_port_t *port;
ngx_http_in_addr_t *addr;
ngx_http_log_ctx_t *ctx;
ngx_http_connection_t *hc;
#if (NGX_HAVE_INET6)
struct sockaddr_in6 *sin6;
ngx_http_in6_addr_t *addr6;
#endif
// 分配数据内存
hc = ngx_pcalloc(c->pool, sizeof(ngx_http_connection_t));
if (hc == NULL) {
ngx_http_close_connection(c);
return;
}
c->data = hc;
/* find the server configuration for the address:port */
port = c->listening->servers;
if (port->naddrs > 1) {
/*
* there are several addresses on this port and one of them
* is an "*:port" wildcard so getsockname() in ngx_http_server_addr()
* is required to determine a server address
*/
if (ngx_connection_local_sockaddr(c, NULL, 0) != NGX_OK) {
ngx_http_close_connection(c);
return;
}
// 根据网络类型处理
switch (c->local_sockaddr->sa_family) {
#if (NGX_HAVE_INET6)
case AF_INET6:
sin6 = (struct sockaddr_in6 *) c->local_sockaddr;
addr6 = port->addrs;
/* the last address is "*" */
for (i = 0; i < port->naddrs - 1; i++) {
if (ngx_memcmp(&addr6[i].addr6, &sin6->sin6_addr, 16) == 0) {
break;
}
}
hc->addr_conf = &addr6[i].conf;
break;
#endif
default: /* AF_INET */
sin = (struct sockaddr_in *) c->local_sockaddr;
addr = port->addrs;
/* the last address is "*" */
for (i = 0; i < port->naddrs - 1; i++) {
if (addr[i].addr == sin->sin_addr.s_addr) {
break;
}
}
hc->addr_conf = &addr[i].conf;
break;
}
} else {
switch (c->local_sockaddr->sa_family) {
#if (NGX_HAVE_INET6)
case AF_INET6:
addr6 = port->addrs;
hc->addr_conf = &addr6[0].conf;
break;
#endif
default: /* AF_INET */
addr = port->addrs;
hc->addr_conf = &addr[0].conf;
break;
}
}
/* the default server configuration for the address:port */
hc->conf_ctx = hc->addr_conf->default_server->ctx;
ctx = ngx_palloc(c->pool, sizeof(ngx_http_log_ctx_t));
if (ctx == NULL) {
ngx_http_close_connection(c);
return;
}
ctx->connection = c;
ctx->request = NULL;
ctx->current_request = NULL;
c->log->connection = c->number;
// 每个http server 都有自己的日志记录控制
c->log->handler = ngx_http_log_error;
c->log->data = ctx;
c->log->action = "waiting for request";
c->log_error = NGX_ERROR_INFO;
rev = c->read;
// 设置接收数据处理器为 ngx_http_wait_request_handler
rev->handler = ngx_http_wait_request_handler;
c->write->handler = ngx_http_empty_handler;
#if (NGX_HTTP_V2)
if (hc->addr_conf->http2) {
rev->handler = ngx_http_v2_init;
}
#endif
#if (NGX_HTTP_SSL)
{
ngx_http_ssl_srv_conf_t *sscf;
sscf = ngx_http_get_module_srv_conf(hc->conf_ctx, ngx_http_ssl_module);
if (sscf->enable || hc->addr_conf->ssl) {
hc->ssl = 1;
c->log->action = "SSL handshaking";
rev->handler = ngx_http_ssl_handshake;
}
}
#endif
if (hc->addr_conf->proxy_protocol) {
hc->proxy_protocol = 1;
c->log->action = "reading PROXY protocol";
}
if (rev->ready) {
/* the deferred accept(), iocp */
if (ngx_use_accept_mutex) {
ngx_post_event(rev, &ngx_posted_events);
return;
}
rev->handler(rev);
return;
}
// 将rev 放入到 ngx_event_timer_rbtree 队列中, 红黑树实现
ngx_add_timer(rev, c->listening->post_accept_timeout);
// 重用 connection
ngx_reusable_connection(c, 1);
// 处理 读就绪事件，注册 read 监听
if (ngx_handle_read_event(rev, 0) != NGX_OK) {
ngx_http_close_connection(c);
return;
}
}
// event/ngx_event.c
// 通用处理: 读事件逻辑
ngx_int_t
ngx_handle_read_event(ngx_event_t *rev, ngx_uint_t flags)
{
if (ngx_event_flags & NGX_USE_CLEAR_EVENT) {
/* kqueue, epoll */
if (!rev->active && !rev->ready) {
if (ngx_add_event(rev, NGX_READ_EVENT, NGX_CLEAR_EVENT)
== NGX_ERROR)
{
return NGX_ERROR;
}
}
return NGX_OK;
} else if (ngx_event_flags & NGX_USE_LEVEL_EVENT) {
/* select, poll, /dev/poll */
if (!rev->active && !rev->ready) {
// ngx_event_actions.add, 实际为 ngx_select_add_event
// 注册读事件
if (ngx_add_event(rev, NGX_READ_EVENT, NGX_LEVEL_EVENT)
== NGX_ERROR)
{
return NGX_ERROR;
}
return NGX_OK;
}
if (rev->active && (rev->ready || (flags & NGX_CLOSE_EVENT))) {
if (ngx_del_event(rev, NGX_READ_EVENT, NGX_LEVEL_EVENT | flags)
== NGX_ERROR)
{
return NGX_ERROR;
}
return NGX_OK;
}
} else if (ngx_event_flags & NGX_USE_EVENTPORT_EVENT) {
/* event ports */
if (!rev->active && !rev->ready) {
if (ngx_add_event(rev, NGX_READ_EVENT, 0) == NGX_ERROR) {
return NGX_ERROR;
}
return NGX_OK;
}
if (rev->oneshot && !rev->ready) {
if (ngx_del_event(rev, NGX_READ_EVENT, 0) == NGX_ERROR) {
return NGX_ERROR;
}
return NGX_OK;
}
}
/* iocp */
return NGX_OK;
}大体上就是，先调用内核的accept() 方法，接入socket, 然后调用 http 模块init handler, 注册读事件， 以便后续可以读取数据。至于什么时候会进行真正地读数据请求，则不一定。
6. read 事件处理
经过前面的accept处理，nginx会注册read事件，且会将handler设置为 ngx_http_wait_request_handler, 当数据就绪后，就会从 通用处理队列 的入口处，转到http处理模块处理 io 事件。
// http/ngx_http_request.c
// 处理socket读事件
static void
ngx_http_wait_request_handler(ngx_event_t *rev)
{
u_char *p;
size_t size;
ssize_t n;
ngx_buf_t *b;
ngx_connection_t *c;
ngx_http_connection_t *hc;
ngx_http_core_srv_conf_t *cscf;
c = rev->data;
ngx_log_debug0(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_HTTP, c->log, 0, "http wait request handler");
if (rev->timedout) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_INFO, c->log, NGX_ETIMEDOUT, "client timed out");
ngx_http_close_connection(c);
return;
}
if (c->close) {
ngx_http_close_connection(c);
return;
}
hc = c->data;
cscf = ngx_http_get_module_srv_conf(hc->conf_ctx, ngx_http_core_module);
// 默认1024 缓冲大小
size = cscf->client_header_buffer_size;
b = c->buffer;
// 首次接入时，创建初始空间
if (b == NULL) {
// 创建缓冲区接收http传过来的数据
b = ngx_create_temp_buf(c->pool, size);
if (b == NULL) {
ngx_http_close_connection(c);
return;
}
c->buffer = b;
} else if (b->start == NULL) {
// 缓冲冲填满，需要另外增加空间？
b->start = ngx_palloc(c->pool, size);
if (b->start == NULL) {
ngx_http_close_connection(c);
return;
}
b->pos = b->start;
b->last = b->start;
b->end = b->last + size;
}
// 接收数据
n = c->recv(c, b->last, size);
if (n == NGX_AGAIN) {
if (!rev->timer_set) {
ngx_add_timer(rev, c->listening->post_accept_timeout);
ngx_reusable_connection(c, 1);
}
if (ngx_handle_read_event(rev, 0) != NGX_OK) {
ngx_http_close_connection(c);
return;
}
/*
* We are trying to not hold c->buffer's memory for an idle connection.
*/
// 如果还要等待更多数据，释放占有空间
if (ngx_pfree(c->pool, b->start) == NGX_OK) {
b->start = NULL;
}
return;
}
if (n == NGX_ERROR) {
ngx_http_close_connection(c);
return;
}
if (n == 0) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_INFO, c->log, 0,
"client closed connection");
ngx_http_close_connection(c);
return;
}
b->last += n;
// 如果配置了 proxy_pass （且匹配了模式）, 则直代理逻辑
if (hc->proxy_protocol) {
hc->proxy_protocol = 0;
p = ngx_proxy_protocol_read(c, b->pos, b->last);
if (p == NULL) {
ngx_http_close_connection(c);
return;
}
b->pos = p;
if (b->pos == b->last) {
c->log->action = "waiting for request";
b->pos = b->start;
b->last = b->start;
ngx_post_event(rev, &ngx_posted_events);
return;
}
}
c->log->action = "reading client request line";
// 设置不可重用连接
ngx_reusable_connection(c, 0);
// 创建 http 连接请求, 分配内存空, 设置下一个 handler 等等
c->data = ngx_http_create_request(c);
if (c->data == NULL) {
ngx_http_close_connection(c);
return;
}
// 设置读取数据的处理器为 ngx_http_process_request_line, 以便下次使用
rev->handler = ngx_http_process_request_line;
ngx_http_process_request_line(rev);
}
// http/ngx_http_request.c
// 读取body数据，并响应客户端
static void
ngx_http_process_request_line(ngx_event_t *rev)
{
ssize_t n;
ngx_int_t rc, rv;
ngx_str_t host;
ngx_connection_t *c;
ngx_http_request_t *r;
c = rev->data;
r = c->data;
ngx_log_debug0(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_HTTP, rev->log, 0,
"http process request line");
if (rev->timedout) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_INFO, c->log, NGX_ETIMEDOUT, "client timed out");
c->timedout = 1;
ngx_http_close_request(r, NGX_HTTP_REQUEST_TIME_OUT);
return;
}
rc = NGX_AGAIN;
for ( ;; ) {
if (rc == NGX_AGAIN) {
// 读取header
n = ngx_http_read_request_header(r);
if (n == NGX_AGAIN || n == NGX_ERROR) {
break;
}
}
// 读取body 数据, 按照http协议解析，非常长
rc = ngx_http_parse_request_line(r, r->header_in);
if (rc == NGX_OK) {
/* the request line has been parsed successfully */
r->request_line.len = r->request_end - r->request_start;
r->request_line.data = r->request_start;
r->request_length = r->header_in->pos - r->request_start;
ngx_log_debug1(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_HTTP, c->log, 0,
"http request line: \"%V\"", &r->request_line);
r->method_name.len = r->method_end - r->request_start + 1;
r->method_name.data = r->request_line.data;
if (r->http_protocol.data) {
r->http_protocol.len = r->request_end - r->http_protocol.data;
}
// 处理 uri, 解析路径
if (ngx_http_process_request_uri(r) != NGX_OK) {
break;
}
if (r->schema_end) {
r->schema.len = r->schema_end - r->schema_start;
r->schema.data = r->schema_start;
}
if (r->host_end) {
host.len = r->host_end - r->host_start;
host.data = r->host_start;
rc = ngx_http_validate_host(&host, r->pool, 0);
if (rc == NGX_DECLINED) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_INFO, c->log, 0,
"client sent invalid host in request line");
ngx_http_finalize_request(r, NGX_HTTP_BAD_REQUEST);
break;
}
if (rc == NGX_ERROR) {
ngx_http_close_request(r, NGX_HTTP_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR);
break;
}
if (ngx_http_set_virtual_server(r, &host) == NGX_ERROR) {
break;
}
r->headers_in.server = host;
}
if (r->http_version < NGX_HTTP_VERSION_10) {
if (r->headers_in.server.len == 0
&& ngx_http_set_virtual_server(r, &r->headers_in.server)
== NGX_ERROR)
{
break;
}
ngx_http_process_request(r);
break;
}
if (ngx_list_init(&r->headers_in.headers, r->pool, 20,
sizeof(ngx_table_elt_t))
!= NGX_OK)
{
ngx_http_close_request(r, NGX_HTTP_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR);
break;
}
c->log->action = "reading client request headers";
rev->handler = ngx_http_process_request_headers;
ngx_http_process_request_headers(rev);
break;
}
if (rc != NGX_AGAIN) {
/* there was error while a request line parsing */
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_INFO, c->log, 0,
ngx_http_client_errors[rc - NGX_HTTP_CLIENT_ERROR]);
if (rc == NGX_HTTP_PARSE_INVALID_VERSION) {
ngx_http_finalize_request(r, NGX_HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED);
} else {
ngx_http_finalize_request(r, NGX_HTTP_BAD_REQUEST);
}
break;
}
/* NGX_AGAIN: a request line parsing is still incomplete */
if (r->header_in->pos == r->header_in->end) {
rv = ngx_http_alloc_large_header_buffer(r, 1);
if (rv == NGX_ERROR) {
ngx_http_close_request(r, NGX_HTTP_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR);
break;
}
if (rv == NGX_DECLINED) {
r->request_line.len = r->header_in->end - r->request_start;
r->request_line.data = r->request_start;
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_INFO, c->log, 0,
"client sent too long URI");
ngx_http_finalize_request(r, NGX_HTTP_REQUEST_URI_TOO_LARGE);
break;
}
}
}
// 处理请求, 响应客户端
ngx_http_run_posted_requests(c);
}
// http/ngx_http_request.c
// 已经处理好的请求处理
void
ngx_http_run_posted_requests(ngx_connection_t *c)
{
ngx_http_request_t *r;
ngx_http_posted_request_t *pr;
// 循环处理数据，直到完成
for ( ;; ) {
if (c->destroyed) {
return;
}
r = c->data;
pr = r->main->posted_requests;
if (pr == NULL) {
return;
}
r->main->posted_requests = pr->next;
r = pr->request;
ngx_http_set_log_request(c->log, r);
ngx_log_debug2(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_HTTP, c->log, 0,
"http posted request: \"%V?%V\"", &r->uri, &r->args);
// 写客户端
r->write_event_handler(r);
}
}以上就是一个简单视角的 http 请求的处理大体流程了。从中我们大概也理解了，nginx的处理逻辑，和我们想像的方案并没有太大差别，先读取url请求，判断是否特殊转发设置，读取body数据，如果没有特殊设置则定位到相应文件直接响应客户端。（具体如何响应，我们后续再说）
本篇主要站在一个全局的角度，整体上理解nginx的处理请求流程，希望对大家理解nginx有一定的帮助。当然有很多的细节还未厘清，敬请期待。
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原始发表：2021-01-15，如有侵权请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除
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