MySQL 冷备份操作 + shell 脚本自动备份

CentOS 7.9 MySQl5.7.32 

cd /var/lib/mysql	# 进入上级目录
tar jcvf data_cold_back.tar.bz2 data/	# 打包压缩数据目录到文件 data_cold_back.tar.bz2

touch cold_back.sh	# 创建执行脚本

mv /var/lib/mysql/data /var/lib/mysql/data_back	# 为避免出错，重命名一下
tar jxvf data_cold_back.tar.bz2 data	# 解压冷备份数据到 data 目录

service mysql start # 普遍的 mysql 启动命令
systemctl start mysql@bootstrap.service # PXC 第一个节点的启动命令

	   个人观点
	   这种方式的最终目的就是拷贝了数据库
	   如果像是使用 宝塔管理界面
	   完全可以直接压缩备份操作的
	   感觉，这个技术含量不如 —— 使用 XtraBackup 进行数据热备

touch backup.sh

#!/bin/bash
# 以下配置信息请自己修改
mysql_user="root" #MySQL备份用户
mysql_password="MT123456" #MySQL备份用户的密码
mysql_host="localhost"
mysql_port="3306"

mysql_charset="utf8" #MySQL编码
backup_db_arr=("test_pxc") #要备份的数据库名称，多个用空格分开隔开 如("db1" "db2" "db3")

backup_location=/var/lib/mysql/backup #备份数据存放位置，末尾请不要带"/",此项可以保持默认，程序会自动创建文件夹
expire_backup_delete="ON" #是否开启过期备份删除 ON为开启 OFF为关闭
expire_days=3 #过期时间天数 默认为三天，此项只有在expire_backup_delete开启时有效


# 本行开始以下不需要修改
backup_time=`date +%Y%m%d%H%M` #定义备份详细时间
backup_Ymd=`date +%Y-%m-%d` #定义备份目录中的年月日时间
backup_3ago=`date -d '3 days ago' +%Y-%m-%d` #3天之前的日期
backup_dir=$backup_location/$backup_Ymd #备份文件夹全路径
welcome_msg="Welcome to use MySQL backup tools!" #欢迎语

# 判断MYSQL是否启动,mysql没有启动则备份退出
mysql_ps=`ps -ef |grep mysql |wc -l`
mysql_listen=`netstat -an |grep LISTEN |grep $mysql_port|wc -l`

if [ [$mysql_ps == 0] -o [$mysql_listen == 0] ]; then
echo "ERROR:MySQL is not running! backup stop!"
exit
else
echo $welcome_msg
fi


# 连接到mysql数据库，无法连接则备份退出
mysql -h$mysql_host -P$mysql_port -u$mysql_user -p$mysql_password <<end
use mysql;
select host,user from user where user='root' and host='localhost';
exit
end
 

flag=`echo $?`
if [ $flag != "0" ]; then
echo "ERROR:Can't connect mysql server! backup stop!"
exit
else
echo "MySQL connect ok! Please wait......"

# 判断有没有定义备份的数据库，如果定义则开始备份，否则退出备份
if [ "$backup_db_arr" != "" ];then
#dbnames=$(cut -d ',' -f1-5 $backup_database)
#echo "arr is (${backup_db_arr[@]})"
for dbname in ${backup_db_arr[@]}
do
echo "database $dbname backup start..."

`mkdir -p $backup_dir`
`mysqldump -h$mysql_host -P$mysql_port -u$mysql_user -p$mysql_password $dbname --skip_add_locks --skip-lock-tables --default-character-set=$mysql_charset | gzip > $backup_dir/$dbname-$backup_time.sql.gz`
flag=`echo $?`

if [ $flag == "0" ];then
echo "database $dbname success backup to $backup_dir/$dbname-$backup_time.sql.gz"
else
echo "database $dbname backup fail!"
fi

done
else

echo "ERROR:No database to backup! backup stop"
exit

fi

# 如果开启了删除过期备份，则进行删除操作
if [ "$expire_backup_delete" == "ON" -a "$backup_location" != "" ];then
#`find $backup_location/ -type d -o -type f -ctime +$expire_days -exec rm -rf {} \;`
`find $backup_location/ -type d -mtime +$expire_days | xargs rm -rf`
echo "Expired backup data delete complete!"
fi
echo "All database backup success! Thank you!"
exit
fi

chmod -R 755 backup.sh

./backup.sh

[root@localhost percona-xtradb-cluster.conf.d]# /var/lib/mysql/backup.sh
Welcome to use MySQL backup tools!
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
MySQL connect ok! Please wait......
database test_pxc backup start...
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
database test_pxc success backup to /var/lib/mysql/backup/2021-01-29/test_pxc-202101291158.sql.gz
Expired backup data delete complete!
All database backup success! Thank you!

crontab -e

00 02 * * * /var/lib/mysql/backup.sh

systemctl restart crond

 mysql -uroot -p test_pxc < /var/lib/mysql/backup/2021-01-29/test_pxc-202101291229.sql

	   个人觉得
	   这种方式倒是挺适合本地测试或者小型项目
	   最简单的操作就是：
	   可以进行 .sql 文件的导出操作嘛
	   使用 Navicat 等数据库工具
	   就可以很方便的导出数据
	   并且
	   导出操作也较为方便