一文总结日常网络维护及配置命令

[Huawei]user-interface console 0 //进入管理控制口
[Huawei-ui-console0]authentication-mode password
Please configure the login password (maximum length 16):输入密码
[Huawei-ui-console0]user privilege level ? //设置特权等级
[Huawei-ui-console0]idle-timeout 20 0 //设置空闲超时时间为20分钟，默认为10分钟

[Huawei]user-interface console 0 //进入管理控制口
[Huawei-ui-console0]authentication-mode aaa
[Huawei-ui-console0]quit
[Huawei]aaa
[Huawei-aaa]local-user huawei password cipher hw(密码)
[Huawei-aaa]local-user huawei service-type terminal //从终端登录

#AAA模式远程登录
[R1]user-interface vty 0 4
[R1-ui-vty0-4]authentication-mode aaa
[R1]aaa //进入认证、授权、计费模式（简称AAA模式）
[R1-aaa]local-user admin password cipher 123456 //配置本地用户和密码
[R1-aaa]local-user admin service-type telnet //选择授权用户的服务类型
[R1-aaa]local-user admin privilege level 3 //设置管理员用户级别
#仅密码远程登录
[R2]user-interface vty 0 4 //虚拟用户终端接口
[R2-ui-vty0-4]authentication-mode password //配置用户终端的认证模式
[R2-ui-vty0-4]set authentication password simple 123456 //设置登录用户密码
[R2-ui-vty0-4]user privilege level 3 //设置用户等级
[R2-ui-vty0-4]user network-admin //设置登录用户的参数

[Huawei]super password level 3 cipher 123456(作用？)

[R1]ftp server enable
[R1]aaa
[R1-aaa]local-user winda password cipher aqx123456(字母与数字的组合)
[R1-aaa]local-user winda privilege level 15
[R1-aaa]local-user winda service-type ftp
[R1-aaa]local-user winda ftp-directory flash: //指定目录

ftp 10.0.12.2
User(10.0.12.2:(none)):huawei
331 Password required for huawei.
Enter password:
230 User logged in.
[R1-ftp]put portalpage.zip //上传文件
[R1-ftp]get portalpage.zip portal.zip //下载文件并改名字
delete /unreserved portal.zip //彻底删除该文件

配置登录标语
[R1]header shell information "Welcome to HuaWei"

指定下次启动装载的配置文件
startup saved-configuration iascfg.zip

指定下次启动装载的配置文件
factory-configuration reset

设置下次启动用的文件
startup saved-configuration 文件名

删除保存的配置文件
reset saved-configuration
reboot
Warning: All the configuration will be saved to the next startup configuration. 
Continue ? [y/n]:n

关闭消息提示功能
[R1]undo info-center enable //关闭提示信息，提高配置时的视觉
或
undo terminal monitor //关闭日志提示消息（很烦人的一个东西）

[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 24（目标网络） 192.168.2.1（下一跳IP） preference 80

[R1-Serial1/0/0]description this port connect to R2-S1/0/0

[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.0.13.3

[R2]ping -a 10.0.2.2 10.0.3.3

[R1-Serial1/0/0]ip add 10.0.23.2 sub

#激活BFD功能
[R1]bfd
[R1-bfd]quit

#创建BFD会话，名称为ab（自定义），对端的IP地址为10.1.12.2
[R1]bfd ab bind peer-ip 10.1.12.2

配置端口为access
[Huawei]vlan 10 //创建vlan 10
[Huawei]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2 //进入g0/0/2端口
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-type access //选择端口类型
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port default vlan 10 //划分VLAN

技巧：[S2]vlan batch 3 to 5 //创建VLAN3、4、5

配置端口的Hybrid类型
[SW1]vlan 10
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port hybrid pvid vlan 10
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port hybrid untagged vlan 10 30 //对VLAN10和30去标签

配置端口的Trunk类型
[SW1]interface g0/0/24
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/24]port link-type trunk
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/24]port trunk allow-pass vlan all //允许所有VLAN通过

更改Trunk端口的PVID
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/24]port trunk pvid vlan 10

Eth-trunk配置
创建Eth-trunk 1，并将接口加入Eth-trunk 1
[S1]interface Eth-Trunk 1
[S1]int g0/0/9
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]eth-trunk 1
或
[S1]interface Eth-Trunk 1
[S1-Eth-Trunk1]trunkport g0/0/9

配置Eth-trunk 1链路配置为access
[S1]interface Eth-Trunk 1
[S1-Eth-Trunk1]port link-type access
[S1-Eth-Trunk1]port default vlan 5

[S1]stp priority 4096 //数值越小优先级越高

[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]stp port priority 32 //默认为128，数值越小优先级越高

[S3]interface Ethernet0/0/3
[S3-Ethernet0/0/3]stp edged-port enable
[S3-Ethernet0/0/3]stp cost //设置路径开销值
[根交换机]stp timer forward-delay //设置延迟时间
[根交换机]stp edged-port enable //设置网络直径

[SW1]stp region-configuration //进入MST域
[SW1-mst-region]region-name huawei //配置域名
[SW1-mst-region]revision-level 1 //配置修订级别为1
[SW1-mst-region]instance 1 vlan 10 //制定MSTI 1与VLAN10的映射

各接口简要STP状态
[S1]dis stp brief

具体接口详细STP信息
[S1]dis stp interface g0/0/10

查看当前根桥信息
[S1]dis stp

#查看实例1的信息
[SW1]dis stp instance 1 brief

[R1]dhcp enable //开启DHCP功能
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]dhcp select interface //开启接口DHCP功能
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]dhcp server lease day 2【可选】 //设置租用有效期限为2天
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]dhcp server dns-list 8.8.8.8 //为PC自动分配DNS服务器地址
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]dhcp server excluded-ip-address 192.168.2.250 192.168.2.253 //配置不参与自动分配的IP地址范围

[R1]dhcp enable //开启DHCP功能
[R1]ip pool huawei1 //配置全局地址池
[R1-ip-pool-huawei1]network 192.168.1.0 //指定地址池范围
[R1-ip-pool-huawei1]lease day 2【可选】 //租期为2天，默认1天
[R1-ip-pool-huawei1]gateway-list 192.168.1.254 //出口网关地址
[R1-ip-pool-huawei1]excluded-ip-address 192.168.1.250 192.168.1.253 //不参与自动分配
[R1-ip-pool-huawei1]dns-list 8.8.8.8 //配置DNS服务器地址
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]dhcp select global //开启接口的DHCP功能

dis ip pool //查看地址池地址分配情况

[R1]dhcp enable //开启DHCP功能

面向PC的接口：
[R1-Ethernet0/0/0]dhcp select relay
[R1-Ethernet0/0/0]dhcp relay server-ip 100.1.1.1 //指定DHCP服务器IP地址

面向PC的接口下调用全局定义的DHCP服务器组:
[R1]dhcp server group dhcp-group
[R1-dhcp-server-group-dhcp-group]dhcp-server 100.1.1.1
[R1-Ethernet0/0/0]dhcp select relay 
[R1-Ethernet0/0/0]dhcp relay server-select dhcp-group

[R1]interface s1/0/0
[R1-Serial1/0/0]link-protocol fr
[R1-Serial1/0/0]fr interface-type dce //接口类型
[R1-Serial1/0/0]fr dlci 100
[R1-Serial1/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.1 24

[R2]interface s1/0/0
[R2-Serial1/0/0]link-protocol fr
[R2-Serial1/0/0]fr interface-type dte

查看PVC
[R1]dis fr pvc-info

#查看映射
[R1]dis fr map-info

#静态映射
[R2-Serial1/0/0]undo fr inarp
[R1-Serial1/0/0]fr map ip 192.168.1.2 100 broadcast
//OSPF中使用组播的网络类型时，应在映射后面加Broadcast

[R1]int g0/0/0.1 //创建并进入g0/0/0的0.1子接口
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]dot1q termination vid 10 //封装dot1q协议
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]ip address 192.168.10.254 24 //配置IP地址
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]arp broadcast enable //开启arp广播
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]dhcp select global //开启DHCP全局模式

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]int g0/0/0.2
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2]dot1q termination vid 20
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2]ip address 192.168.20.254 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2]arp broadcast enable
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2]dhcp select global

[SW1]vlan batch 10 20 //创建vlan 10和vlan 20
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/1 //进入g0/0/1接口
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type access //修改端口为access模式
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port default vlan 10 //将端口划分到vlan 10中

[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-type access
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port default vlan 20

[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int g0/0/24 //交换机与路由器相连的接口需要修改为trunk模式
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/24]port link-type trunk //修改端口为trunk模式
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/24]port trunk allow-pass vlan 10 20 //允许vlan 10和vlan 20的数据通过

[Huawei]rip 1 //启动RIP进程
[Huawei-rip-1]version 2 //选择版本（可选）
[Huawei-rip-1]net 10.0.0.0(通告自然网段)

[Huawei-rip-1]summary always //使能自动汇总[V2默认开启，但不生效]
[接口]undo rip split-horizon //关闭接口水平分割
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]rip summary-address 聚合后网络 子网掩码  //手动汇总

[接口]rip metricin x //cost=原来的值+x
[接口]rip metricout x //cost=0+x

debug rip 1
terminal debugging
Info: Current terminal debugging is on.
terminal monitor

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]undo rip output //不能使用单播通信
或
[R2-rip-1]silent-interface E0/0/0 //优先级高于前者

[R2-rip-1]peer IP地址 //单播通信
[R2-rip-1]preference x //修改优先级（只在本地有效）
[R2-rip-1]timers rip 20 120 60 //修改定时器
[R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 LoopBack 2 //发布默认路由
[R3-rip-1]default-route originate //不需创建默认路由，也能发布
reset rip 1 statistics //刷新RIP统计信息
reset ip routing-table statistics protocol rip //清除RIP学到的路由信息
[R2]undo rip 1 //删除RIP
[R1]rip version2 multicase //配置版本1的也能发送RIPv2报文

[R1]ospf Router-id 1.1.1.1 //配置环回口IP地址
[R1-ospf-1]area 0
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 1.1.1.0 0.0.0.255

[R3-ospf-1]import-route direct //引入直连路由
[R1-ospf-1]import-route rip 1 cost 100 //引入RIP路由

[R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 LoopBack 2
[R3]ospf 100
[R3-ospf-100]default-route-advertise
[R3-ospf-100]default-route-advertise always //自动发布默认路由

接口认证明文：
[R1-Serial1/0/0]ospf authentication-mode simple plain huawei

区域认证密文：
[R1-ospf-1]area 1
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher huawei

R2-ospf-1]silent-interface E0/0/0
[R2-ospf-1]peer IP地址 //单播通信

[R1]dis ospf peer brief //查看邻居
[R1]dis ospf interface //查看DR、BDR
[R1]reset ospf process //重置OSPF进程
[R1]dis ip routing-table protocol ospf //查看OSPF学到的路由
[R1]display ospf lsdb ase 172.16.0.0 //显示链路状态数据库的外接路由信息
[R1]dis ospf int G0/0/0 //查看接口的OSPF信息

查看LSA信息
[R1]dis ospf lsdb router //查看一类LSA
[R1]dis ospf lsdb netword //查看二类LSA
[R1]dis ospf lsdb summary //查看三类LSA
[R1]dis ospf lsdb asbr //查看四类LSA
[R1]dis ospf lsdb ase //查看五类LSA
[R1]dis ospf lsdb nssa //查看七类LSA

修改Hello和Dead时间
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 15
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer dead 60

修改DR优先级
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 200（越大优先级越高）

注：由于DR/BDR选举默认为不抢占模式，因此在修改了路由器优先级后不会自动重新选举DR，需要重置OSPF进程。
修改网络类型为广播
[R2-Serial2/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast

修改开销值、带宽参考值
[接口]ospf cost x
[R3-ospf-1]bandwidth-reference x

[SW1-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 10.1.1.254 //配置虚拟网关
[SW1-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 1 priority 150 //更改优先级
[SW1-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 1 preempt-mode disable //关闭抢占模式
[SW1-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 1 track interface g0/0/24 reduced 60 //跟踪上层端口
[R1-Serial2/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp //配置接口的网络类型为Point-to-multipoint
[S1] display vrrp //查看VRRP信息

[R1-Serial1/0/0]ip address unnumbered interface LoopBack0 //IP地址借用
[R1]ip route-static 10.1.1.0 24 Serial1/0/0
[R1-Serial1/0/0]link-protocol hdlc //将接口改为HDLC类型

[R1]aaa
[R1-aaa]local-user huawei password cipher 123456
[R1-aaa]local-user huawei service-type ppp
[R1-Serial0]ppp authentication-mode pap（CHAP）

PAP：
[R2-Serial0]ppp pap local-user huawei password cipher 123456 

CHAP：
[R2-Serial0]ppp chap user huawei
[R2-Serial0]ppp chap password cipher 123456

使用 CHAP 建立 PPP连接的协商过程
debugging ppp chap all
terminal debugging

[S1-G0/0/9]undo negotiation auto //更改接口的速率和双工模式前应先关闭接口的自动协商功能
[S1-G0/0/9]speed 100 //设置为100M速率
[S1-G0/0/9]duplex full //全双工模式
[S1]dis eth-trunk 1 //查看Eth-trunk 1配置结果

[FW]user-interface console 0
[FW-ui-console0]authentication-mode none

clock timezone 1 add 08:00:00

[S1]interface Eth-Trunk 1 //聚合交换机之间的Eth-Trunk端口编号相等
[S1-Eth-Trunk1]mode lacp-static //lacp模式
[S1-Eth-Trunk1]trunkport GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 to 0/0/2 //将成员端口加入到聚合端口中
[S1-Eth-Trunk1]max active-linknumber 2 //设置活动上限阀值
[S1-Eth-Trunk1]port link-type trunk 
[S1-Eth-Trunk1]port trunk allow-pass vlan all
[S1-Eth-Trunk1]dis eth-trunk 1 verbose //查看聚合端口的信息
[S1] lacp priority 100 //配置系统优先级使其成为主控端
[S1-G0/0/1] lacp priority 100 //配置活动链路优先级
[S1-G0/0/2] lacp priority 100 //配置活动链路优先级

[S1-G0/0/1]stp disable //关掉相关接口的STP
[S1]smart-link group 1
[S1-smlk-group1]port GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 master //设置主端口
[S1-smlk-group1]port g0/0/2 slave //设置从端口
[S1-smlk-group1]flush send control-vlan 10 password simple 123 //使能smart link组1发送Flush帧的功能，携带的控制VLAN编号为10，密码是：123
[S1-smlk-group1]restore enable //开启回切功能
[S1-smlk-group1]timer wtr 30 //回切时间为30秒
[S1-smlk-group1]smart-link enable //使能Smart Link组1的功能
[S1-smlk-group1]dis smart-link group 1 //查看Smart Link组1的信息
[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]smart-link flush receive control-vlan 10 password simple 123 //设置其他交换机可以接收和处理携带控制VLAN编号是10的Flush帧

#自动保存
autosave interval on
autosave interval 120 //每隔120分钟自动保存

#定点保存
autosave time on
autosave time 23:00:00 //到23点自动保存

[R1]observe-port 1 interface Ethernet4/0/1 //设置观察端口
[接口] mirror to observe-port 1 both //将镜像端口映射到观察端口

[Huawei]user-bind static mac-address 5489-988B-5157 int e0/0/1 //绑定MAC地址
[Huawei]user-bind static ip-address 192.168.1.3 //绑定IP地址

[接口]port-security enable //启用端口安全
[接口]port-security max-mac-num 2 //自动学习MAC地址的最大数量
[接口]port-security protect-action shutdown //保护行为为关闭端口

[R1]ip ip-prefix 1 deny 11.1.1.0 25 greater-equal 25 less-equal 25  //在RIP里面过滤掉11.1.1.0/25
[R1]ip ip-prefix 1 permit 0.0.0.0 0 less-equal 32
[R1-rip-1]filter-policy ip-prefix 1 import

[R1]ipv6 //开启全局IPv6功能
[R1-E0/0/0]ipv6 enable //在接口（连接PC）下开启IPv6功能
[R1-E0/0/0]ipv6 address auto link-local //自动生成链路本地地址
[R1-G0/0/0]ipv6 enable //在接口（连接路由器）下开启IPv6功能
[R1-G0/0/0]ipv6 add 2031:0:130F::1 64 //配置全球单播地址
[R1-E0/0/0]ipv6 add 2001:3:FD:: 64 eui-64 //用EUI-64配置地址

检查设备剩余空间是否大于新的软件包大小
dir flash:
Directory of flash:/

Idx Attr Size(Byte) Date Time FileName 
0 drw- - Oct 30 2019 03:37:16 dhcp
1 drw- - Oct 30 2019 03:19:15 user
2 -rw- 13,432 Oct 30 2019 03:37:25 default_ca.cer
3 -rw- 36 Oct 30 2019 03:38:18 $_patchstate_reboot
4 -rw- 3,684 Oct 30 2019 03:38:18 $_patch_history
5 -rw- 1,903 Oct 30 2019 03:37:31 default_local.cer
6 drw- - Oct 30 2019 03:37:42 logfile
7 -rw- 1,111 Apr 08 2020 17:03:35 vrpcfg.zip
8 -rw- 8,718,710 Dec 12 2013 07:53:05 s5720ei-v200r011sph008.pat
9 drw- - Oct 30 2019 03:19:14 pmdata
10 -rw- 85,051,908 Jun 28 2018 15:55:01 s5720ei-v200r011c10spc600.cc
11 drw- - Oct 30 2019 03:18:44 $_install_mod
12 -rw- 836 Mar 30 2020 10:48:44 rr.bak
13 -rw- 836 Mar 30 2020 10:48:44 rr.dat
14 -rw- 1,773 Apr 08 2020 17:03:36 private-data.txt
15 drw- - Apr 08 2020 17:03:33 localuser
16 drw- - Mar 30 2020 14:24:42 $_backup
17 -rw- 200 Oct 30 2019 03:37:32 ca_config.ini

352,772 KB total (265,060 KB free)

将PC作为FTP Server，并FTP到PC
连接到PC FTP Server
ftp 192.168.1.2

进行二进制编码
[ftp]bin

备份软件包
[ftp]put S5720EI-V200R019C00SPC500.cc S5720EI-V200R019C00SPC500.bak.cc

备份补丁
[ftp]put S5720EI-V200R019SPH007.pat S5720EI-V200R019SPH007.bak.pat

上传软件包
[ftp]get S5720EI-V200R019C00SPC500.cc

上传补丁
[ftp]get S5720EI-V200R019SPH007.pat

退出
[ftp]bye

设置新版软件包应用全部设备并下次启动该软件包
startup system-software flash:/S5720EI-V200R019C00SPC500.cc all

重启设备
reboot

查看堆叠状态
display stack

将补丁应用到全部并运行
patch load flash:/S5720EI-V200R019SPH007.pat all run 

# 查看补丁信息
display patch-information

# 选中补丁
patch load flash:/S5720EI-V200R019SPH007.pat all active

# 删除软件包
delete /unreserved flash:/s5720ei-v200r011c10spc600.cc

# 删除补丁包
delete /unreserved flash:/S5720EI-V200R019SPH007.pat