PyQt5 布局管理（水平、垂直、网格、表单、嵌套、QSplitter）
PyQt5 布局管理（水平、垂直、网格、表单、嵌套、QSplitter）
Michael阿明
发布于 2022-06-06 09:24:26
发布于 2022-06-06 09:24:26
文章被收录于专栏：Michael阿明学习之路
文章目录
learn from 《PyQt5 快速开发与实战》 https://doc.qt.io/qtforpython/index.html https://www.riverbankcomputing.com/static/Docs/PyQt5
1. 布局管理
QHBoxLayout水平QVBoxLayout垂直QGridLayout网格QFormLayout表单布局，两列的形式
addLayout() 插入子布局
addWidget() 在布局中插入控件2. 使用绝对位置布局
- 使用
(x, y)坐标
import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget, QLabel, QApplication
class Example(QWidget):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.initUI()
def initUI(self):
lbl1 = QLabel('欢迎', self)
# lbl1.move(15, 10)
lbl2 = QLabel('学习', self)
lbl2.move(35, 40)
lbl3 = QLabel('PyQt5 !', self)
lbl3.move(55, 70)
self.setGeometry(300, 300, 320, 120)
self.setWindowTitle('绝对位置布局例子')
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
demo = Example()
demo.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
在这里插入图片描述
- 缺点： 窗口大小变动时，控件大小和位置不会随动
3. QBoxLayout
stretch参数设置伸缩量
# _*_ coding: utf-8 _*_
# @Time : 2022/6/4 18:49
# @Author : Michael
# @File : hbox.py
# @desc :
from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget, QHBoxLayout, QPushButton, QApplication
class Winform(QWidget):
def __init__(self):
super(Winform, self).__init__()
self.setWindowTitle('HBox')
layout = QHBoxLayout()
layout.addWidget(QPushButton('1'), 2, Qt.AlignTop)
layout.addWidget(QPushButton('2'), 0, Qt.AlignBottom | Qt.AlignRight)
layout.addWidget(QPushButton('3'))
layout.addWidget(QPushButton('4'), 3, Qt.AlignTop | Qt.AlignJustify) # 伸缩量3, 居中，两边对齐
layout.addWidget(QPushButton('5'))
layout.setSpacing(5) # 控件间距 5
self.setLayout(layout)
if __name__ == '__main__':
import sys
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
win = Winform()
win.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
在这里插入图片描述
addStretch() 添加可伸缩控件
- 添加到布局末尾
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget, QHBoxLayout, QPushButton
import sys
class WindowDemo(QWidget):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
btn1 = QPushButton(self)
btn2 = QPushButton(self)
btn3 = QPushButton(self)
btn1.setText('button 1')
btn2.setText('button 2')
btn3.setText('button 3')
layout = QHBoxLayout()
# 设置伸缩量为2
layout.addStretch(2)
layout.addWidget(btn1)
# 设置伸缩量为1
layout.addStretch(1)
layout.addWidget(btn2)
# 设置伸缩量为1
layout.addStretch(1)
layout.addWidget(btn3)
# 设置伸缩量为1
layout.addStretch(1)
# 剩余空间比例 2:1:1:1
self.setLayout(layout)
self.setWindowTitle("addStretch 例子")
if __name__ == "__main__":
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
win = WindowDemo()
win.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
在这里插入图片描述
若只给最前面添加一个，则为右对齐
若只给最后面添加一个，则为左对齐
4. QGridLayout
- 控件占一格的例子
import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget, QGridLayout, QPushButton
class Winform(QWidget):
def __init__(self, parent=None):
super(Winform, self).__init__(parent)
self.initUI()
def initUI(self):
# 1
grid = QGridLayout()
self.setLayout(grid)
# 2
names = ['Cls', 'Back', '', 'Close',
'7', '8', '9', '/',
'4', '5', '6', '*',
'1', '2', '3', '-',
'0', '.', '=', '+']
# 3
positions = [(i, j) for i in range(5) for j in range(4)]
print(positions)
# 4
for position, name in zip(positions, names):
if name == '':
continue
button = QPushButton(name)
grid.addWidget(button, *position)
self.move(300, 150)
self.setWindowTitle('网格布局管理例子')
if __name__ == "__main__":
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
form = Winform()
form.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
在这里插入图片描述
- 控件跨越多格
import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget, QLabel, QLineEdit, QTextEdit, QGridLayout, QApplication
class Winform(QWidget):
def __init__(self, parent=None):
super(Winform, self).__init__(parent)
self.initUI()
def initUI(self):
titleLabel = QLabel('标题')
authorLabel = QLabel('提交人')
contentLabel = QLabel('申告内容')
titleEdit = QLineEdit()
authorEdit = QLineEdit()
contentEdit = QTextEdit()
grid = QGridLayout()
grid.setSpacing(10)
grid.addWidget(titleLabel, 1, 0) # row 1， column 0
grid.addWidget(titleEdit, 1, 1) # row 1， column 1
grid.addWidget(authorLabel, 2, 0)
grid.addWidget(authorEdit, 2, 1)
grid.addWidget(contentLabel, 3, 0)
grid.addWidget(contentEdit, 3, 1, 5, 1) # 行，列，行高，列宽
self.setLayout(grid)
self.setGeometry(300, 300, 350, 300)
self.setWindowTitle('故障申告')
if __name__ == "__main__":
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
form = Winform()
form.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
在这里插入图片描述
5. QFormLayout
- 两列，一般左侧是 label，右侧是用户选择或者输入 field
import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget, QFormLayout, QLineEdit, QLabel
class Winform(QWidget):
def __init__(self, parent=None):
super(Winform, self).__init__(parent)
self.setWindowTitle("窗体布局管理例子")
self.resize(400, 100)
fromlayout = QFormLayout()
labl1 = QLabel("姓名")
lineEdit1 = QLineEdit()
labl2 = QLabel("年龄")
lineEdit2 = QLineEdit()
labl3 = QLabel("性别")
lineEdit3 = QLineEdit()
fromlayout.addRow(labl1, lineEdit1)
fromlayout.addRow(labl2, lineEdit2)
fromlayout.addRow(labl3, lineEdit3)
self.setLayout(fromlayout)
if __name__ == "__main__":
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
form = Winform()
form.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
在这里插入图片描述
6. 嵌套布局
import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget, QHBoxLayout, QVBoxLayout, QGridLayout, QFormLayout, QPushButton
class MyWindow(QWidget):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.setWindowTitle('嵌套布局示例')
# 全局布局（1个）：水平
wlayout = QHBoxLayout()
# 局部布局（4个）：水平、竖直、网格、表单
hlayout = QHBoxLayout()
vlayout = QVBoxLayout()
glayout = QGridLayout()
formlayout = QFormLayout()
# 局部布局添加部件（例如：按钮）
hlayout.addWidget(QPushButton(str(1)))
hlayout.addWidget(QPushButton(str(2)))
vlayout.addWidget(QPushButton(str(3)))
vlayout.addWidget(QPushButton(str(4)))
glayout.addWidget(QPushButton(str(5)), 0, 0)
glayout.addWidget(QPushButton(str(6)), 0, 1)
glayout.addWidget(QPushButton(str(7)), 1, 0)
glayout.addWidget(QPushButton(str(8)), 1, 1)
formlayout.addWidget(QPushButton(str(9)))
formlayout.addWidget(QPushButton(str(10)))
formlayout.addWidget(QPushButton(str(11)))
formlayout.addWidget(QPushButton(str(12)))
# 准备四个部件
hwg = QWidget()
vwg = QWidget()
gwg = QWidget()
fwg = QWidget()
# 四个部件设置局部布局
hwg.setLayout(hlayout)
vwg.setLayout(vlayout)
gwg.setLayout(glayout)
fwg.setLayout(formlayout)
# 四个部件加至全局布局
wlayout.addWidget(hwg)
wlayout.addWidget(vwg)
wlayout.addWidget(gwg)
wlayout.addWidget(fwg)
# 窗体本体设置全局布局
self.setLayout(wlayout)
if __name__ == "__main__":
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
win = MyWindow()
win.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
在这里插入图片描述
上面使用了多个空白控件来设置局部布局
下面只使用一个空白控件
# _*_ coding: utf-8 _*_
# @Time : 2022/6/5 17:11
# @Author : Michael
# @File : nest_layout1.py
# @desc :
import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget, QHBoxLayout, QVBoxLayout, QGridLayout, QFormLayout, QPushButton, QLineEdit, \
QApplication
class mywin(QWidget):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.setWindowTitle('nest_layout1')
self.resize(500, 300)
# 全局部件, 注意 self 参数
globalwidget = QWidget(self)
# 全局布局
globallayout = QHBoxLayout(globalwidget)
# 局部布局
h_layout = QHBoxLayout()
v_layout = QVBoxLayout()
g_layout = QGridLayout()
form_layout = QFormLayout()
# 局部布局 添加控件
h_layout.addWidget(QPushButton(str(1)))
h_layout.addWidget(QPushButton(str(2)))
v_layout.addWidget(QPushButton(str(3)))
v_layout.addWidget(QPushButton(str(4)))
g_layout.addWidget(QPushButton(str(5)), 0, 0)
g_layout.addWidget(QPushButton(str(6)), 0, 1)
g_layout.addWidget(QPushButton(str(7)), 1, 0)
g_layout.addWidget(QPushButton(str(8)), 1, 1)
g_layout.addWidget(QPushButton(str(9)), 2, 0)
g_layout.addWidget(QPushButton(str(10)), 2, 1)
form_layout.addRow('name', QLineEdit())
form_layout.addRow('age', QLineEdit())
# 局部布局 添加到 全局布局
globallayout.addLayout(h_layout)
globallayout.addLayout(v_layout)
globallayout.addLayout(g_layout)
globallayout.addLayout(form_layout)
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
win = mywin()
win.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
在这里插入图片描述
7. QSplitter 布局
- 可以动态拖动子控件之间的边界，默认是横向布局
# _*_ coding: utf-8 _*_
# @Time : 2022/6/5 17:31
# @Author : Michael
# @File : qsplitter.py
# @desc :
import sys
from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget, QHBoxLayout, QFrame, QSplitter, QTextEdit, QApplication
class qsplitter_demo(QWidget):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.initUI()
def initUI(self):
self.setGeometry(300, 300, 300, 300)
self.setWindowTitle('QSplitter')
h_layout = QHBoxLayout(self)
topleft = QFrame()
topleft.setFrameShape(QFrame.StyledPanel)
textedit = QTextEdit()
spliter1 = QSplitter(Qt.Horizontal)
spliter1.addWidget(topleft)
spliter1.addWidget(textedit)
spliter1.setSizes([100, 200])
bottom = QFrame()
bottom.setFrameShape(QFrame.StyledPanel)
spliter2 = QSplitter(Qt.Vertical)
spliter2.addWidget(spliter1)
spliter2.addWidget(bottom)
h_layout.addWidget(spliter2)
self.setLayout(h_layout)
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
qsplitter_demo = qsplitter_demo()
qsplitter_demo.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
在这里插入图片描述
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原始发表：2022-06-05，如有侵权请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除
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