嗨，CRUD BOY们，是时候掌握Spring MVC的处理流程了

程序猿杜小头

发布于 2022-12-01 21:40:17

3700

发布于 2022-12-01 21:40:17

Running with Spring Boot v2.5.4, Java 11.0.12

Spring MVC是一款构建于Servlet API之上、基于同步阻塞I/O模型的主流Java Web开发框架，这种I/O模型意味着一个Http请求对应一个线程，即每一个Http请求都是在各自线程上下文中完成处理的；此外，Spring 5.0提供了一款基于异步非阻塞I/O模型的Java Web开发框架，即Spring WebFlux；大家不用纠结Spring官方会不会在将来的某个时间点将Spring MVC置为废弃(deprecated)态，至少目前来看，Spring MVC依然是流行的，在Spring官网关于Reactive的介绍中有一张图相当精致，与大家分享：

笔者自2017年7月毕业后一直服役于某央企一子公司，第一年主要参与集团公司委派的课题性项目，基本没写啥代码；自18年国庆至今，虽然辗转于多个项目组，但角色一直没变，那就是CRUD BOY，还特么挺稳的，哈哈。即使菜如CRUD BOY，也没有理由不掌握Spring MVC的相关知识，为什么这么忽悠呢？以Tomcat为例，它是目前应用最为广泛的Servlet容器，当Tomcat接收到一个Http请求后，底层复杂的Socket解析工作由它代劳了，Http请求解析完成后，它直接将HttpServletRequest与HttpServletResponse(这时候还是一个空的对象)对象一并传给Servlet处理，大家只需要面向Servlet编程即可；在Spring MVC框架问世后，Servlet开始退居幕后，Java程序猿的工作变得更加轻松而聚焦了，压根不再需要和HttpServletRequest、HttpServletResponse打交道，会复制粘贴@RestController就行；前辈们做了这么多苦活、累活，如果连Spring MVC内部处理流程还一无所知，实在有点说不过去了···

1. 写在前面

一个Http请求在Spring应用中的执行链路比较长，涉及逻辑也比较多，下面通过阿里的Arthas工具来探测这条执行链路。

1.1 编写Controller并启动应用

@RestController
@RequestMapping(path = "/crimson_typhoon")
public class CrimsonTyphoonController {
    @PostMapping(path = "/v1/fire")
    public Map<String, Object> v1Fire(@RequestBody @Valid UserDto userDto, 
                                      @RequestParam("dryRun") Boolean dryRun) {
        return ImmutableMap.of("status", "success", "code", 200);
    }
}

@Getter
@Setter
@NoArgsConstructor
public class UserDto {
    @NotBlank
    private String name;

    @NotNull
    private int age;
}

1.2 启动Arthas

执行如下命令以监听并在控制台打印CrimsonTyphoonController中v1Fire()方法的执行路径。

stack com.example.crimson_typhoon.controller.CrimsonTyphoonController v1Fire

1.3 发起Http请求

curl --location --request POST 'http://localhost:8080/crimson_typhoon/v1/fire?dryRun=true' \
--header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
--data-raw '{
    "name": "crimson_typhoon",
    "age": 18
}'

1.4 执行链路

如果有大佬是从上往下看这串执行链路信息的，这边建议您出门左转，谢谢！

ts=2021-11-09 21:22:37;thread_name=http-nio-8080-exec-2;id=37;is_daemon=true;priority=5;TCCL=org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatEmbeddedWebappClassLoader@149debbb
    @com.example.crimson_typhoon.controller.CrimsonTyphoonController.v1Fire()
        at jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:-2)
        at jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
        at jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:566)
        at org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.doInvoke(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:197)
        at org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.invokeForRequest(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:141)
        at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.invokeAndHandle(ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.java:106)
        at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.invokeHandlerMethod(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:895)
        at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.handleInternal(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:808)
        at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.handle(AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.java:87)
        at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doDispatch(DispatcherServlet.java:1064)
        at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doService(DispatcherServlet.java:963)
        at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest(FrameworkServlet.java:1006)
        at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.doPost(FrameworkServlet.java:909)
        at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:681)
        at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.service(FrameworkServlet.java:883)
        at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:764)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:227)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:162)
        at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:53)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:189)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:162)
        at org.springframework.web.filter.RequestContextFilter.doFilterInternal(RequestContextFilter.java:100)
        at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:119)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:189)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:162)
        at org.springframework.web.filter.FormContentFilter.doFilterInternal(FormContentFilter.java:93)
        at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:119)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:189)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:162)
        at org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter.doFilterInternal(CharacterEncodingFilter.java:201)
        at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:119)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:189)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:162)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:197)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:97)
        at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:542)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:135)
        at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:92)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:78)
        at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:357)
        at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service(Http11Processor.java:382)
        at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java:65)
        at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:893)
        at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1726)
        at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:49)
        at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1191)
        at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:659)
        at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)
        at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:834)

大家应该对上面这坨信息很熟悉才对，因为在排查问题时经常可以在日志中看到；上述执行链路交代了两件事：

当一个Http请求到达后，Tomcat从其线程池中捞出一个线程来处理该Http请求的，记得《Go语言学习笔记》这本书中曾经提到：一切Go程序都是基于Channel的，Java又何尝不是呢？一切Java程序都是基于Thread的；
在Http请求进入Spring MVC之前，先要依次过一遍ApplicationFilterChain中的Filter，默认有4个：OrderedCharacterEncodingFilter、OrderedFormContentFilter、OrderedRequestContextFilter和WsFilter。

Filter来源于Servlet规范，并不是Spring中的术语。跟Filter紧密联系的还有FilterConfig和FilterChain，它们的主要内容如下图所示：

Filter既可以过滤HttpServletRequest，也可以过滤HttpServletResponse；FilterConfig由Servlet容器组装，以初始化Filter；FilterChain同样由Servlet容器组装，为开发人员提供Filter链的执行视图，FilterChain是责任链模式的一个典型应用；在Filter链的结尾，将会调用真正的资源，比如在ApplicationFilterChain中，Filter链执行完毕后，将Http请求委派给DispatcherServlet处理，而DispatcherServlet恰恰就是Spring MVC的门户，如下所示：

public final class ApplicationFilterChain implements FilterChain {
    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) {
        if (pos < n) {
            ApplicationFilterConfig filterConfig = filters[pos++];
            Filter filter = filterConfig.getFilter();
            filter.doFilter(request, response, this);
            return;
        }
        // 过滤器链中的所有过滤器执行完毕后，
        // 将HTTP请求委派给DispatcherServlet处理；
        servlet.service(request, response);
    }
}

关于Filter还有一个比较重要的知识点，那就是Filter的执行流程，类似一种U型链路，如下图所示：

2. Spring MVC处理流程

如果单单看Arthas针对v1Fire()方法输出的执行路径，会造成大家误认为Spring MVC处理流程很简短的假象，事实上，当我们一步一步DEBUG的时候，才知道这特么完全是无底洞啊！刚刚提到DispatcherServlet是Spring MVC的门户，那自然要从它开始了，在介绍DispatcherServlet之前，先来看看它的继承关系：

在Front Controller设计模式中，通常由一个核心Controller负责将Http请求路由到其他Controller中处理，Spring MVC实现了这一模式，这个核心Controller就是DispatcherServlet。DispatcherServlet就像一个包工头，只揽活却不干活，当接收到Http请求后，它会将该请求委派给HandlerMapping、HandlerAdapter、HandlerExceptionResolver和ViewResolver等小弟处理。doDispatch()方法是其核心逻辑所在，为了更直观地展现Spring MVC整体流程骨架，笔者剔除了一些不相干的逻辑，如下所示：

public class DispatcherServlet extends FrameworkServlet {
    protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
        HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler = null;
        try {
            ModelAndView mv = null;
            Exception dispatchException = null;
            try {
                // Determine handler for the current request.
                mappedHandler = getHandler(request);

                // Determine handler adapter for the current request.
                HandlerAdapter ha = getHandlerAdapter(mappedHandler.getHandler());

                // Invoke all HandlerInterceptor preHandle() in HandlerExecutionChain.
                if (!mappedHandler.applyPreHandle(request, response)) {
                    return;
                }

                // Actually invoke the handler.
                mv = ha.handle(request, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());

                // Invoke all HandlerInterceptor postHandle() in HandlerExecutionChain.
                mappedHandler.applyPostHandle(request, response, mv);
            } catch (Exception ex) {
                dispatchException = ex;
            }
            // Handle the result of handler invocation, which is either a ModelAndView 
            // or an Exception to be resolved to a ModelAndView.
            processDispatchResult(request, response, mappedHandler, mv, dispatchException);
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            // Invoke all HandlerInterceptor afterCompletion() in HandlerExecutionChain.
            triggerAfterCompletion(request, response, mappedHandler, ex);
        }
    }
}

Spring MVC的内部逻辑与HandlerMapping、HandlerAdapter息息相关，下面将从两个章节对它们进行分析。

2.1 HandlerMapping

HandlerMapping用于将Http请求映射到对应的HandlerExecutionChain：

public interface HandlerMapping {
    /**
     * @param request current HTTP request
     * @return a HandlerExecutionChain instance containing handler object and
     * any interceptors
     */
    HandlerExecutionChain getHandler(HttpServletRequest request);
}

而HandlerExecutionChain内部维护了handler和interceptorList这俩个成员变量。其中，handler一般指的是由@Controller标注的控制器，interceptorList指的是HandlerInterceptor列表。HandlerExecutionChain的精简版源码如下：

public class HandlerExecutionChain {
    private final Object handler;
    private final List<HandlerInterceptor> interceptorList = new ArrayList<>();

    public HandlerExecutionChain(Object handler, List<HandlerInterceptor> interceptorList) {}

    // Apply preHandle methods of registered interceptors.
    public boolean applyPreHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {}

    // Apply postHandle methods of registered interceptors.
    public void applyPostHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, ModelAndView mv) {}

    // Trigger afterCompletion callbacks on the mapped HandlerInterceptors.
    public void triggerAfterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Exception ex) {}
}

紧接着，我们再来看一下HandlerInterceptor。顾名思义，这个拦截器可以在handler执行前后进行拦截操作，具体通过下面三个方法：

public interface HandlerInterceptor {
    // Interception point before the execution of a handler.
    default boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) {
        return true;
    }

    // Interception point after successful execution of a handler.
    default void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler,
                            ModelAndView modelAndView) {
    }

    // Callback after completion of request processing.
    default void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, 
                                 Exception ex) {
    }
}

HandlerInterceptor的执行流程也很重要，尤其是postHandle()与afterCompletion()这俩方法，具体参见下图：

那HandlerMapping需要开发人员自定义吗？一般是不需要这么做的。默认地，Spring MVC会提供一些不同映射规则的HandlerMapping，这些HandlerMapping会通过initHandlerMappings()方法提前填充到DispatcherServlet中的handlerMappings成员变量中：

private void initHandlerMappings(ApplicationContext context) {
    Map<String, HandlerMapping> matchingBeans =
            BeanFactoryUtils.beansOfTypeIncludingAncestors(context, HandlerMapping.class);
    if (!matchingBeans.isEmpty()) {
        this.handlerMappings = new ArrayList<>(matchingBeans.values());
        AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(this.handlerMappings);
    }
}

handlerMappings中各元素如下：

0 = RequestMappingHandlerMapping
1 = BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping
2 = RouterFunctionMapping
3 = SimpleUrlHandlerMapping
4 = WelcomePageHandlerMapping

RequestMappingHandlerMapping无疑是最重要的一个HandlerMapping，从其名称大概能猜测到其映射规则一定与@RequestMapping注解有关，刚好CrimsonTyphoonController也由@RequestMapping标注。下面就来聊聊它是如何根据Http请求获取到相匹配的HandlerExecutionChain的。抽象类AbstractHandlerMethodMapping是RequestMappingHandlerMapping的父类，它实现了InitializingBean接口，那应该会覆盖afterPropertiesSet()方法，否则不是闲得无聊吗？从其源码来看果然如此：

@Override
public void afterPropertiesSet() {
    initHandlerMethods();
}

initHandlerMethods()方法主要用于初始化AbstractHandlerMethodMapping中MappingRegistry类型的成员变量。具体地，通过遍历所有Bean，判断当前Bean是否由@Controller或@RequestMapping注解标注；若是，则填充MappingRegistry类中HashMap<RequestMappingInfo, MappingRegistration>类型的成员变量，即registry；HashMap中key/value信息如下：

key   = RequestMappingInfo{POST /crimson_typhoon/v1/fire}
value = MappingRegistration{
            HandlerMethod{
                public java.util.Map com.example.crimson_typhoon.controller.CrimsonTyphoonController.v1Fire(
                    com.example.crimson_typhoon.dto.UserDto,
                    java.lang.Boolean
                )
            }
        }

有了上面这层映射关系，根据Http请求获取对应的HandlerMethod就是轻而易举的事了(在HandlerMethod中，有两个比较重要的成员变量，分别是Object类型的bean变量和java.lang.reflect.Method类型的method变量)；最后，将HandlerMethod与HandlerInterceptor封装到HandlerExecutionChain实例中去就结束了。

handler其实是被封装在HandlerMethod实例中的。

2.2 HandlerAdapter

上一小节主要介绍如何根据Http请求获取相匹配的HandlerExecutionChain实例；在本小节中，将重点关注HandlerExecutionChain中HandlerMethod的执行流程。既然HandlerMethod中的method变量是java.lang.reflect.Method类型的，那这架势肯定是奔着反射去的了，回顾下java.lang.reflect.Method的核心API：

public class Method {
    public Object invoke(Object obj, Object... args) {
        // 实现细节忽略
    }
}

很显然，method实例要想顺利调用其invoke()方法，现在还差一个方法参数，那就从参数解析开始分析吧。

顾名思义，HandlerAdapter是一个适配器，它为Spring MVC带来了拓展性，可以适配任意类型的handler，绝不仅仅是那些由@Controller注解标注的handler。与HandlerMapping类似，开发人员若无特殊需求，一般也无需自定义HandlerAdapter。默认地，Spring MVC会提供一些可以适配不同handler的HandlerAdapter，比如：适配org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller接口的SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter，适配javax.servlet.Servlet接口的SimpleServletHandlerAdapter等；此外，这些HandlerAdapter是通过initHandlerAdapters()方法提前填充到DispatcherServlet中这一handlerAdapters成员变量中的：

private void initHandlerAdapters(ApplicationContext context) {
    Map<String, HandlerAdapter> matchingBeans =
            BeanFactoryUtils.beansOfTypeIncludingAncestors(context, HandlerAdapter.class);
    if (!matchingBeans.isEmpty()) {
        this.handlerAdapters = new ArrayList<>(matchingBeans.values());
        AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(this.handlerAdapters);
    }
}

handlerAdapters中各元素如下：

0 = RequestMappingHandlerAdapter
1 = HandlerFunctionAdapter
2 = HttpRequestHandlerAdapter
3 = SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter

RequestMappingHandlerAdapter既然能排在第一把交椅，那足以说明它的重要性，它主要用于适配HandlerMethod类型的handler，如下：

public class RequestMappingHandlerAdapter {
    /**
     * This implementation expects the handler to be an HandlerMethod.
     */
    @Override
    public final boolean supports(Object handler) {
        return handler instanceof HandlerMethod;
    }
}

DispatcherServlet发现RequestMappingHandlerAdapter的supports()方法返回true，就不再继续寻找适配器了，因为最匹配的适配器已经找到。

此外，RequestMappingHandlerAdapter同样实现了InitializingBean接口，用于初始化argumentResolvers与returnValueHandlers这俩成员变量，如下所示：

@Override
public void afterPropertiesSet() {
    if (this.argumentResolvers == null) {
        List<HandlerMethodArgumentResolver> resolvers = getDefaultArgumentResolvers();
        this.argumentResolvers = new HandlerMethodArgumentResolverComposite().addResolvers(resolvers);
    }
    if (this.returnValueHandlers == null) {
        List<HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler> handlers = getDefaultReturnValueHandlers();
        this.returnValueHandlers = new HandlerMethodReturnValueHandlerComposite().addHandlers(handlers);
    }
}

argumentResolvers中各元素如下：

 0 = RequestParamMethodArgumentResolver
 1 = RequestParamMapMethodArgumentResolver
 2 = PathVariableMethodArgumentResolver
 3 = PathVariableMapMethodArgumentResolver
 4 = MatrixVariableMethodArgumentResolver
 5 = MatrixVariableMapMethodArgumentResolver
 6 = ServletModelAttributeMethodProcessor
 7 = RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor
 8 = RequestPartMethodArgumentResolver
 9 = RequestHeaderMethodArgumentResolver
10 = RequestHeaderMapMethodArgumentResolver
11 = ServletCookieValueMethodArgumentResolver
12 = ExpressionValueMethodArgumentResolver
13 = SessionAttributeMethodArgumentResolver
14 = RequestAttributeMethodArgumentResolver
15 = ServletRequestMethodArgumentResolver
16 = ServletResponseMethodArgumentResolver
17 = HttpEntityMethodProcessor
18 = RedirectAttributesMethodArgumentResolver
19 = ModelMethodProcessor
20 = MapMethodProcessor
21 = ErrorsMethodArgumentResolver
22 = SessionStatusMethodArgumentResolver
23 = UriComponentsBuilderMethodArgumentResolver
24 = PrincipalMethodArgumentResolver
25 = RequestParamMethodArgumentResolver
26 = ServletModelAttributeMethodProcessor

argumentResolvers是HandlerMethodArgumentResolverComposite类型的，后者是一个复合类，持有多个HandlerMethodArgumentResolver类型的方法参数解析器。当需要获取方法参数解析器时，HandlerMethodArgumentResolverComposite会遍历其所持有的所有参数解析器，若HandlerMethodArgumentResolver的supportsParameter()方法返回true，这意味着找到了最匹配的方法参数解析器，不再继续查找。在本文中，Http请求携带了两种参数，具体如下：

------------------------------
{
    "name": "crimson_typhoon",
    "age": 28
}
------------------------------
dryRun=true
------------------------------

对于Http请求体中的JSON串，交由argumentResolvers中的RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor负责解析；它有两个作用，一是将Http请求体中的JSON串封装到由@RequestBody标注的参数实例中，即UserDto，二是将由@ResponseBody标注的handler中方法的返回值写入到Http响应体中，参数解析相关源码如下：

public class RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor {
    @Override
    public boolean supportsParameter(MethodParameter parameter) {
        return parameter.hasParameterAnnotation(RequestBody.class);
    }

    @Override
    public Object resolveArgument(MethodParameter parameter, ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer,
                                  NativeWebRequest webRequest, WebDataBinderFactory binderFactory) throws Exception {
        Object arg = readWithMessageConverters(webRequest, parameter, parameter.getNestedGenericParameterType());
        String name = Conventions.getVariableNameForParameter(parameter);

        if (binderFactory != null) {
            WebDataBinder binder = binderFactory.createBinder(webRequest, arg, name);
            if (arg != null) {
                validateIfApplicable(binder, parameter);
                if (binder.getBindingResult().hasErrors() && isBindExceptionRequired(binder, parameter)) {
                    throw new MethodArgumentNotValidException(parameter, binder.getBindingResult());
                }
            }
        }
        return adaptArgumentIfNecessary(arg, parameter);
    }
}

RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor持有的messageConverters成员变量中内嵌了近10个HttpMessageConverter类型的转换器，因此具体的参数解析工作将由其中一个转换器负责，至于究竟是哪一个转换器，这要看canRead()方法是否能返回true了，若返回值为true，则会通过该转换器的read()方法解析出最终的参数；本文所提及的JSON串最终是由MappingJackson2CborHttpMessageConverter负责填充到UserDto实例中去的(由于@Valid注解的存在，还会紧接着进行Bean Validation操作)。此外，HttpMessageConverter具备双向转换能力，其源码如下：

public interface HttpMessageConverter<T> {
    // Indicates whether the given class can be read by this converter.
    boolean canRead(Class<?> clazz, @Nullable MediaType mediaType);

    // Indicates whether the given class can be written by this converter.
    boolean canWrite(Class<?> clazz, @Nullable MediaType mediaType);

    // Read an object of the given type from the given input message, and returns it.
    T read(Class<? extends T> clazz, HttpInputMessage inputMessage);

    // Write an given object to the given output message.
    void write(T t, @Nullable MediaType contentType, HttpOutputMessage outputMessage);
}

对于Http请求URL中的参数，交由argumentResolvers中的RequestParamMethodArgumentResolver负责，具体借助org.springframework.core.convert.support.Converter接口的实现类StringToBooleanConverter将字符串类型值转换为布尔值。

argumentResolvers中各元素如下：

 0 = ModelAndViewMethodReturnValueHandler
 1 = ModelMethodProcessor
 2 = ViewMethodReturnValueHandler
 3 = ResponseBodyEmitterReturnValueHandler
 4 = StreamingResponseBodyReturnValueHandler
 5 = HttpEntityMethodProcessor
 6 = HttpHeadersReturnValueHandler
 7 = CallableMethodReturnValueHandler
 8 = DeferredResultMethodReturnValueHandler
 9 = AsyncTaskMethodReturnValueHandler
10 = ServletModelAttributeMethodProcessor
11 = RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor
12 = ViewNameMethodReturnValueHandler
13 = MapMethodProcessor
14 = ServletModelAttributeMethodProcessor

returnValueHandlers是HandlerMethodReturnValueHandlerComposite类型的，后者也是一个复合类，持有多个HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler类型的方法返回值解析器。由于CrimsonTyphoonController由@RestController标注，而@RestController注解接口又由@ResponseBody标注，因此RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor最终从这些候选解析器中脱颖而出，很熟悉对不对？废话不多说，这一解析器依然会委派MappingJackson2CborHttpMessageConverter将v1Fire()方法的返回值转换为JSON串，然后写入到Http响应体中去。

public class RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor {
    @Override
    public boolean supportsReturnType(MethodParameter returnType) {
        return (AnnotatedElementUtils.hasAnnotation(returnType.getContainingClass(), ResponseBody.class) ||
                returnType.hasMethodAnnotation(ResponseBody.class));
    }

    @Override
    public void handleReturnValue(@Nullable Object returnValue, MethodParameter returnType,
                                  ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer, NativeWebRequest webRequest) {
        mavContainer.setRequestHandled(true);
        ServletServerHttpRequest inputMessage = createInputMessage(webRequest);
        ServletServerHttpResponse outputMessage = createOutputMessage(webRequest);

        writeWithMessageConverters(returnValue, returnType, inputMessage, outputMessage);
    }
}

目前，前后端分离已成为业界开发与部署的标准模式，压根不会将html、jsp等页面嵌入在后端应用中，因此视图渲染就不再赘述了。