百度前端一面高频vue面试题汇总_2023-02-28

<template>
  <li>
    <div> {{ model.name }}</div>
    <ul v-show="isOpen" v-if="isFolder">
      <!-- 注意这里：组件递归渲染了它自己 -->
      <TreeItem
        class="item"
        v-for="model in model.children"
        :model="model">
      </TreeItem>
    </ul>
  </li>
<script>
export default {
  name: 'TreeItem',
  // ...
}
</script>

const _component_Comp = _resolveComponent("Comp", true)

export function resolveComponent(
  name: string,
  maybeSelfReference?: boolean
): ConcreteComponent | string {
  return resolveAsset(COMPONENTS, name, true, maybeSelfReference) || name
}

if (!res && maybeSelfReference) {
    // fallback to implicit self-reference
    return Component
}

<template id="element-details-template">
  <slot name="element-name">Slot template</slot>
</template>
<element-details>
  <span slot="element-name">1</span>
</element-details>
<element-details>
  <span slot="element-name">2</span>
</element-details>

customElements.define('element-details',
  class extends HTMLElement {
    constructor() {
      super();
      const template = document
        .getElementById('element-details-template')
        .content;
      const shadowRoot = this.attachShadow({mode: 'open'})
        .appendChild(template.cloneNode(true));
  }
})

const count = ref(0)
console.log(count.value) // 0

count.value++
console.log(count.value) // 1

const obj = reactive({ count: 0 })
obj.count++

components:{ 
  AddCustomerSchedule:(resolve)=>import("../components/AddCustomer") // require([]) 
}

export function ( Ctor: Class<Component> | Function | Object | void, data: ?VNodeData, context: Component, children: ?Array<VNode>, tag?: string ): VNode | Array<VNode> | void { 
    // async component 
    let asyncFactory 
    if (isUndef(Ctor.cid)) { 
        asyncFactory = Ctor 
        Ctor = resolveAsyncComponent(asyncFactory, baseCtor) // 默认调用此函数时返回 undefiend 
        // 第二次渲染时Ctor不为undefined 
        if (Ctor === undefined) { 
            return createAsyncPlaceholder( // 渲染占位符 空虚拟节点 
                asyncFactory, 
                data, 
                context, 
                children, 
                tag 
            ) 
        } 
    } 
}
function resolveAsyncComponent ( factory: Function, baseCtor: Class<Component> ): Class<Component> | void { 
    if (isDef(factory.resolved)) { 
        // 3.在次渲染时可以拿到获取的最新组件 
        return factory.resolved 
    }
    const resolve = once((res: Object | Class<Component>) => { 
        factory.resolved = ensureCtor(res, baseCtor) 
        if (!sync) { 
            forceRender(true) //2. 强制更新视图重新渲染 
        } else { 
            owners.length = 0 
        } 
    })
    const reject = once(reason => { 
        if (isDef(factory.errorComp)) { 
            factory.error = true forceRender(true) 
        } 
    })
    const res = factory(resolve, reject)// 1.将resolve方法和reject方法传入，用户调用 resolve方法后 
    sync = false 
    return factory.resolved 
}

get () { 
    pushTarget(this) // 先将当前依赖放到 Dep.target上 
    let value 
    const vm = this.vm 
    try { 
        value = this.getter.call(vm, vm) 
    } catch (e) { 
        if (this.user) { 
            handleError(e, vm, `getter for watcher "${this.expression}"`) 
        } else { 
            throw e 
        } 
    } finally { 
        if (this.deep) { // 如果需要深度监控 
        traverse(value) // 会对对象中的每一项取值,取值时会执行对应的get方法 
    }popTarget() 
}

<router-link to="/about">Go to About</router-link>

// literal string path
router.push('/users/1')

// object with path
router.push({ path: '/users/1' })

// named route with params to let the router build the url
router.push({ name: 'user', params: { username: 'test' } })

// 将
// import UserDetails from './views/UserDetails'
// 替换为
const UserDetails = () => import('./views/UserDetails')

const router = createRouter({
  // ...
  routes: [{ path: '/users/:id', component: UserDetails }],
})

// 源码位置 src/core/global-api/extend.js

// enable recursive self-lookup
if (name) { 
    Sub.options.components[name] = Sub // 记录自己 在组件中递归自己  -> jsx
}

Vue.createApp({
  components: {
    comp: {
      template: `
        <div>root1</div>
        <div>root2</div>
      `
    }
  }
}).mount('#app')

<input type="text" v-model.lazy="value">
<p>{{value}}</p>

<input type="text" v-model.trim="value">

<input v-model.number="age" type="number">

<div @click="shout(2)">
  <button @click.stop="shout(1)">ok</button>
</div>
//只输出1

<form v-on:submit.prevent="onSubmit"></form>

<div @click.capture="shout(1)">
    obj1
<div @click.capture="shout(2)">
    obj2
<div @click="shout(3)">
    obj3
<div @click="shout(4)">
    obj4
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
// 输出结构: 1 2 4 3 

<div v-on:click.self="doThat">...</div>

<button @click.once="shout(1)">ok</button>

<!-- 滚动事件的默认行为 (即滚动行为) 将会立即触发 -->
<!-- 而不会等待 `onScroll` 完成  -->
<!-- 这其中包含 `event.preventDefault()` 的情况 -->
<div v-on:scroll.passive="onScroll">...</div>

<my-component v-on:click.native="doSomething"></my-component>

<!-- 使用.native修饰符来操作普通HTML标签是会令事件失效的 -->

<button @click.left="shout(1)">ok</button>
<button @click.right="shout(1)">ok</button>
<button @click.middle="shout(1)">ok</button>

<!-- 只有按键为keyCode的时候才触发 -->
<input type="text" @keyup.keyCode="shout()">

Vue.config.keyCodes.f2 = 113

//父组件
<comp :myMessage.sync="bar"></comp> 
//子组件
this.$emit('update:myMessage',params);

//父亲组件
<comp :myMessage="bar" @update:myMessage="func"></comp>
func(e){
 this.bar = e;
}

//子组件js
func2(){
  this.$emit('update:myMessage',params);
}

<input id="uid" title="title1" value="1" :index.prop="index">

<svg :viewBox="viewBox"></svg>

<template>
  <child :msg="message"></child>
</template>

<script>
import child from './child.vue';
export default {
  components: {
    child
  },
  data () {
    return {
      message: 'father message';
    }
  }
}
</script>

<template>
    <div>{{msg}}</div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
  props: {
    msg: {
      type: String,
      required: true
    }
  }
}
</script>

// 父组件Parent.vue：
<Child :changeMsgFn="changeMessage">
methods: {
    changeMessage(){
        this.message = 'test'
    }
}

// 子组件Child.vue：
<button @click="changeMsgFn">
props:['changeMsgFn']

<template>
    <child @msgFunc="func"></child>
</template>

<script>
import child from './child.vue';
export default {
    components: {
        child
    },
    methods: {
        func (msg) {
            console.log(msg);
        }
    }
}
</script>

<template>
    <button @click="handleClick">点我</button>
</template>

<script>
export default {
    props: {
        msg: {
            type: String,
            required: true
        }
    },
    methods () {
        handleClick () {
          //........
          this.$emit('msgFunc');
        }
    }
}
</script>

export default {
  data() {
    return {
      title: '我是父组件',
      name: 'poetry'
    }
  },
  methods: {
    say() {
      alert(1)
    }
  },
  // provide属性 能够为后面的后代组件/嵌套的组件提供所需要的变量和方法
  provide() {
    return {
      message: '我是祖先组件提供的数据',
      name: this.name, // 传递属性
      say: this.say
    }
  }
}

<template>
  <p>曾孙组件</p>
  <p>{{message}}</p>
</template>
<script>
export default {
  // inject 注入/接收祖先组件传递的所需要的数据即可 
  //接收到的数据 变量 跟data里面的变量一样 可以直接绑定到页面 {{}}
  inject: [ "message","say"],
  mounted() {
    this.say();
  },
};
</script>

<!-- parent.vue -->
<template>
<div>
  <child1></child1>   
  <child2></child2> 
  <button @click="clickChild">$children方式获取子组件值</button>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import child1 from './child1'
import child2 from './child2'
export default {
  data(){
    return {
      total: 108
    }
  },
  components: {
    child1,
    child2  
  },
  methods: {
    funa(e){
      console.log("index",e)
    },
    clickChild(){
      console.log(this.$children[0].msg);
      console.log(this.$children[1].msg);
    }
  }
}
</script>

<!-- child1.vue -->
<template>
  <div>
    <button @click="parentClick">点击访问父组件</button>
  </div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
  data(){
    return {
      msg:"child1"
    }
  },
  methods: {
    // 访问父组件数据
    parentClick(){
      this.$parent.funa("xx")
      console.log(this.$parent.total);
    }
  }
}
</script>

<!-- child2.vue -->
<template>
  <div>
    child2
  </div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
  data(){
    return {
     msg: 'child2'
    }
  }
}
</script>

// 父组件Parent.vue：
<Child :name="name" :age="age"/>

// 子组件Child.vue：
<GrandChild v-bind="$attrs" />

// 孙子组件GrandChild
<p>姓名：{{$attrs.name}}</p>
<p>年龄：{{$attrs.age}}</p>

// 父组件Parent.vue：
<Child :name="name" :age="age" @changeNameFn="changeName"/>

// 子组件Child.vue：
<button @click="$listeners.changeNameFn"></button>

// 父组件Parent.vue：
<Child ref="childComp"/>
<button @click="changeName"></button>
changeName(){
    console.log(this.$refs.childComp.age);
    this.$refs.childComp.changeAge()
}

// 子组件Child.vue：
data(){
    return{
        age:20
    }
},
methods(){
    changeAge(){
        this.age=15
  }
}

// Bus.js

// 创建一个中央时间总线类  
class Bus {  
  constructor() {  
    this.callbacks = {};   // 存放事件的名字  
  }  
  $on(name, fn) {  
    this.callbacks[name] = this.callbacks[name] || [];  
    this.callbacks[name].push(fn);  
  }  
  $emit(name, args) {  
    if (this.callbacks[name]) {  
      this.callbacks[name].forEach((cb) => cb(args));  
    }  
  }  
}  

// main.js  
Vue.prototype.$bus = new Bus() // 将$bus挂载到vue实例的原型上  
// 另一种方式  
Vue.prototype.$bus = new Vue() // Vue已经实现了Bus的功能  

<template>
    <button @click="toBus">子组件传给兄弟组件</button>
</template>

<script>
export default{
    methods: {
    toBus () {
      this.$bus.$emit('foo', '来自兄弟组件')
    }
  }
}
</script>

export default {
  data() {
    return {
      message: ''
    }
  },
  mounted() {
    this.$bus.$on('foo', (msg) => {
      this.message = msg
    })
  }
}

var vm = new Vue({
  el: "#app",
  data() {
    return {
      rootInfo:"我是根元素的属性"
    }
  },
  methods: {
    alerts() {
      alert(111)
    }
  },
  components: {
    com1: {
      data() {
        return {
          info: "组件1"
        }
      },
      template: "<p>{{ info }} <com2></com2></p>",
      components: {
        com2: {
          template: "<p>我是组件1的子组件</p>",
          created() {
            this.$root.alerts()// 根组件方法
            console.log(this.$root.rootInfo)// 我是根元素的属性
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
});

// 指令使用的几种方式：
//会实例化一个指令，但这个指令没有参数 
`v-xxx`

// -- 将值传到指令中
`v-xxx="value"`  

// -- 将字符串传入到指令中，如`v-html="'<p>内容</p>'"`
`v-xxx="'string'"` 

// -- 传参数（`arg`），如`v-bind:class="className"`
`v-xxx:arg="value"` 

// -- 使用修饰符（`modifier`）
`v-xxx:arg.modifier="value"` 

// 全局注册注册主要是用过Vue.directive方法进行注册
// Vue.directive第一个参数是指令的名字（不需要写上v-前缀），第二个参数可以是对象数据，也可以是一个指令函数
// 注册一个全局自定义指令 `v-focus`
Vue.directive('focus', {
  // 当被绑定的元素插入到 DOM 中时……
  inserted: function (el) {
    // 聚焦元素
    el.focus()  // 页面加载完成之后自动让输入框获取到焦点的小功能
  }
})

// 局部注册通过在组件options选项中设置directive属性
directives: {
  focus: {
    // 指令的定义
    inserted: function (el) {
      el.focus() // 页面加载完成之后自动让输入框获取到焦点的小功能
    }
  }
}

// 然后你可以在模板中任何元素上使用新的 v-focus property，如下：

<input v-focus />

<div v-demo="{ color: 'white', text: 'hello!' }"></div>
<script>
    Vue.directive('demo', function (el, binding) {
    console.log(binding.value.color) // "white"
    console.log(binding.value.text)  // "hello!"
    })
</script>

// 1.设置v-throttle自定义指令
Vue.directive('throttle', {
  bind: (el, binding) => {
    let throttleTime = binding.value; // 防抖时间
    if (!throttleTime) { // 用户若不设置防抖时间，则默认2s
      throttleTime = 2000;
    }
    let cbFun;
    el.addEventListener('click', event => {
      if (!cbFun) { // 第一次执行
        cbFun = setTimeout(() => {
          cbFun = null;
        }, throttleTime);
      } else {
        event && event.stopImmediatePropagation();
      }
    }, true);
  },
});
// 2.为button标签设置v-throttle自定义指令
<button @click="sayHello" v-throttle>提交</button>

const LazyLoad = {
    // install方法
    install(Vue,options){
       // 代替图片的loading图
        let defaultSrc = options.default;
        Vue.directive('lazy',{
            bind(el,binding){
                LazyLoad.init(el,binding.value,defaultSrc);
            },
            inserted(el){
                // 兼容处理
                if('InterpObserver' in window){
                    LazyLoad.observe(el);
                }else{
                    LazyLoad.listenerScroll(el);
                }

            },
        })
    },
    // 初始化
    init(el,val,def){
        // src 储存真实src
        el.setAttribute('src',val);
        // 设置src为loading图
        el.setAttribute('src',def);
    },
    // 利用InterpObserver监听el
    observe(el){
        let io = new InterpObserver(entries => {
            let realSrc = el.dataset.src;
            if(entries[0].isIntersecting){
                if(realSrc){
                    el.src = realSrc;
                    el.removeAttribute('src');
                }
            }
        });
        io.observe(el);
    },
    // 监听scroll事件
    listenerScroll(el){
        let handler = LazyLoad.throttle(LazyLoad.load,300);
        LazyLoad.load(el);
        window.addEventListener('scroll',() => {
            handler(el);
        });
    },
    // 加载真实图片
    load(el){
        let windowHeight = document.documentElement.clientHeight
        let elTop = el.getBoundingClientRect().top;
        let elBtm = el.getBoundingClientRect().bottom;
        let realSrc = el.dataset.src;
        if(elTop - windowHeight<0&&elBtm > 0){
            if(realSrc){
                el.src = realSrc;
                el.removeAttribute('src');
            }
        }
    },
    // 节流
    throttle(fn,delay){
        let timer; 
        let prevTime;
        return function(...args){
            let currTime = Date.now();
            let context = this;
            if(!prevTime) prevTime = currTime;
            clearTimeout(timer);

            if(currTime - prevTime > delay){
                prevTime = currTime;
                fn.apply(context,args);
                clearTimeout(timer);
                return;
            }

            timer = setTimeout(function(){
                prevTime = Date.now();
                timer = null;
                fn.apply(context,args);
            },delay);
        }
    }

}
export default LazyLoad;

import { Message } from 'ant-design-vue';

const vCopy = { //
  /*
    bind 钩子函数，第一次绑定时调用，可以在这里做初始化设置
    el: 作用的 dom 对象
    value: 传给指令的值，也就是我们要 copy 的值
  */
  bind(el, { value }) {
    el.$value = value; // 用一个全局属性来存传进来的值，因为这个值在别的钩子函数里还会用到
    el.handler = () => {
      if (!el.$value) {
      // 值为空的时候，给出提示，我这里的提示是用的 ant-design-vue 的提示，你们随意
        Message.warning('无复制内容');
        return;
      }
      // 动态创建 textarea 标签
      const textarea = document.createElement('textarea');
      // 将该 textarea 设为 readonly 防止 iOS 下自动唤起键盘，同时将 textarea 移出可视区域
      textarea.readOnly = 'readonly';
      textarea.style.position = 'absolute';
      textarea.style.left = '-9999px';
      // 将要 copy 的值赋给 textarea 标签的 value 属性
      textarea.value = el.$value;
      // 将 textarea 插入到 body 中
      document.body.appendChild(textarea);
      // 选中值并复制
      textarea.select();
      // textarea.setSelectionRange(0, textarea.value.length);
      const result = document.execCommand('Copy');
      if (result) {
        Message.success('复制成功');
      }
      document.body.removeChild(textarea);
    };
    // 绑定点击事件，就是所谓的一键 copy 啦
    el.addEventListener('click', el.handler);
  },
  // 当传进来的值更新的时候触发
  componentUpdated(el, { value }) {
    el.$value = value;
  },
  // 指令与元素解绑的时候，移除事件绑定
  unbind(el) {
    el.removeEventListener('click', el.handler);
  },
};

export default vCopy;

<div ref="a" id="bg" v-drag></div>

  directives: {
    drag: {
      bind() {},
      inserted(el) {
        el.onmousedown = (e) => {
          let x = e.clientX - el.offsetLeft;
          let y = e.clientY - el.offsetTop;
          document.onmousemove = (e) => {
            let xx = e.clientX - x + "px";
            let yy = e.clientY - y + "px";
            el.style.left = xx;
            el.style.top = yy;
          };
          el.onmouseup = (e) => {
            document.onmousemove = null;
          };
        };
      },
    },
  }

update () { /* istanbul ignore else */ 
    if (this.lazy) { 
        this.dirty = true 
    } 
    else if (this.sync) { 
        this.run() 
    } 
    else { 
        queueWatcher(this); // 当数据发生变化时会将watcher放到一个队列中批量更新 
    }
}

export function queueWatcher (watcher: Watcher) { 
    const id = watcher.id // 会对相同的watcher进行过滤 
    if (has[id] == null) { 
        has[id] = true 
        if (!flushing) { 
            queue.push(watcher) 
        } else { 
            let i = queue.length - 1 
            while (i > index && queue[i].id > watcher.id) { 
                i-- 
            }
            queue.splice(i + 1, 0, watcher) 
        }
        // queue the flush 
        if (!waiting) { 
            waiting = true 
            if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && !config.async) { 
                flushSchedulerQueue() 
                return 
            }
            nextTick(flushSchedulerQueue) // 调用nextTick方法 批量的进行更新 
        } 
    } 
}

export default function initExtend(Vue) {
  let cid = 0; //组件的唯一标识
  // 创建子类继承Vue父类 便于属性扩展
  Vue.extend = function (extendOptions) {
    // 创建子类的构造函数 并且调用初始化方法
    const Sub = function VueComponent(options) {
      this._init(options); //调用Vue初始化方法
    };
    Sub.cid = cid++;
    Sub.prototype = Object.create(this.prototype); // 子类原型指向父类
    Sub.prototype.constructor = Sub; //constructor指向自己
    Sub.options = mergeOptions(this.options, extendOptions); //合并自己的options和父类的options
    return Sub;
  };
}

<!-- vue3 -->
<script setup>
  // vue3写法
</script>

<!-- 降级vue2 -->
<script>
  export default {
    data() {},
    methods: {}
  }
</script>

const router = createRouter({ ... })

router.beforeEach((to, from) => {
  // ...
  // 返回 false 以取消导航
  return false
})

const routes = [
  {
    path: '/users/:id',
    component: UserDetails,
    beforeEnter: (to, from) => {
      // reject the navigation
      return false
    },
  },
]

const UserDetails = {
  template: `...`,
  beforeRouteEnter(to, from) {
    // 在渲染该组件的对应路由被验证前调用
  },
  beforeRouteUpdate(to, from) {
    // 在当前路由改变，但是该组件被复用时调用
  },
  beforeRouteLeave(to, from) {
    // 在导航离开渲染该组件的对应路由时调用
  },
}

// 源码
runGuardQueue(guards)
  .then(() => {
    // check global guards beforeEach
    guards = []
    for (const guard of beforeGuards.list()) {
      guards.push(guardToPromiseFn(guard, to, from))
    }
    guards.push(canceledNavigationCheck)

    return runGuardQueue(guards)
  })
  .then(() => {
    // check in components beforeRouteUpdate
    guards = extractComponentsGuards(
      updatingRecords,
      'beforeRouteUpdate',
      to,
      from
    )

    for (const record of updatingRecords) {
      record.updateGuards.forEach(guard => {
        guards.push(guardToPromiseFn(guard, to, from))
      })
    }
    guards.push(canceledNavigationCheck)

    // run the queue of per route beforeEnter guards
    return runGuardQueue(guards)
  })
  .then(() => {
    // check the route beforeEnter
    guards = []
    for (const record of to.matched) {
      // do not trigger beforeEnter on reused views
      if (record.beforeEnter && !from.matched.includes(record)) {
        if (isArray(record.beforeEnter)) {
          for (const beforeEnter of record.beforeEnter)
            guards.push(guardToPromiseFn(beforeEnter, to, from))
        } else {
          guards.push(guardToPromiseFn(record.beforeEnter, to, from))
        }
      }
    }
    guards.push(canceledNavigationCheck)

    // run the queue of per route beforeEnter guards
    return runGuardQueue(guards)
  })
  .then(() => {
    // NOTE: at this point to.matched is normalized and does not contain any () => Promise<Component>

    // clear existing enterCallbacks, these are added by extractComponentsGuards
    to.matched.forEach(record => (record.enterCallbacks = {}))

    // check in-component beforeRouteEnter
    guards = extractComponentsGuards(
      enteringRecords,
      'beforeRouteEnter',
      to,
      from
    )
    guards.push(canceledNavigationCheck)

    // run the queue of per route beforeEnter guards
    return runGuardQueue(guards)
  })
  .then(() => {
    // check global guards beforeResolve
    guards = []
    for (const guard of beforeResolveGuards.list()) {
      guards.push(guardToPromiseFn(guard, to, from))
    }
    guards.push(canceledNavigationCheck)

    return runGuardQueue(guards)
  })
  // catch any navigation canceled
  .catch(err =>
    isNavigationFailure(err, ErrorTypes.NAVIGATION_CANCELLED)
      ? err
      : Promise.reject(err)
  )