Linux—LAMP 架构介绍及环境搭建

Alone-林

发布于 2023-03-17 11:01:32

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发布于 2023-03-17 11:01:32

文章被收录于专栏：Linux云运维Linux云运维

LAMP 架构介绍及环境搭建

1.LAMP分别代表什么？

L代表服务器操作系统使用Linux
A代表网站服务使用的是Apache软件基金会中的httpd软件
M代表网站后台使用的数据库是MySQL数据库
P代表网站是使用PHP/Perl/Python等语言开发

2.web服务器工作流程介绍

web服务器的资源分为两种，静态资源和动态资源

静态资源就是指静态内容，客户端从服务器获得的资源的表现形式与原文件相同。可以简单的理解为就是直接存储于文件系统中的资源
动态资源则通常是程序文件，需要在服务器执行之后，将执行的结果返回给客户端

那么web服务器如何执行程序并将结果返回给客户端呢？下面通过一张图来说明一下web服务器如何处理客户端的请求

如图所示

①显示的是httpd服务器（即apache）和php服务器通过FastCGI协议进行通信，且php作为独立的服务进程运行
②显示的是php程序和mysql数据库间通过mysql协议进行通信。php与mysql本没有什么联系，但是由Php语言写成的程序可以与mysql进行数据交互。同理perl和python写的程序也可以与mysql数据库进行交互

2.1cgi与fastcgi

上图中提到了FastCGI，下面我们来了解下CGI与FastCGI。

CGI（Common Gateway Interface，通用网关接口），CGI是外部应用程序（CGI程序）与WEB服务器之间的接口标准，是在CGI程序和Web服务器之间传递信息的过程。CGI规范允许Web服务器执行外部程序，并将它们的输出发送给Web浏览器，CGI将web的一组简单的静态超媒体文档变成一个完整的新的交互式媒体。 FastCGI（Fast Common Gateway Interface）是CGI的改良版，CGI是通过启用一个解释器进程来处理每个请求，耗时且耗资源，而FastCGI则是通过master-worker形式来处理每个请求，即启动一个master主进程，然后根据配置启动几个worker进程，当请求进来时，master会从worker进程中选择一个去处理请求，这样就避免了重复的生成和杀死进程带来的频繁cpu上下文切换而导致耗时

2.2 httpd与php结合的方式

httpd与php结合的方式有以下三种：

modules：php将以httpd的扩展模块形式存在，需要加载动态资源时，httpd可以直接通过php模块来加工资源并返回给客户端
- httpd prefork：libphp5.so（多进程模型的php）
- httpd event or worker：libphp5-zts.so（线程模型的php）
CGI：httpd需要加载动态资源时，通过CGI与php解释器联系，获得php执行的结果，此时httpd负责与php连接的建立和断开等
FastCGI：利用php-fpm机制，启动为服务进程，php自行运行为一个服务，https通过socket与php通信

较于CGI方式，FastCGI更为常用，很少有人使用CGI方式来加载动态资源

2.3 web工作流程

通过上面的图说明一下web的工作流程：

客户端通过http协议请求web服务器资源
web服务器收到请求后判断客户端请求的资源是静态资源或是动态资源
- 若是静态资源则直接从本地文件系统取之返回给客户端。
- 否则若为动态资源则通过FastCGI协议与php服务器联系，通过CGI程序的master进程调度worker进程来执行程序以获得客户端请求的动态资源，并将执行的结果通过FastCGI协议返回给httpd服务器，httpd服务器收到php的执行结果后将其封装为http响应报文响应给客户端。在执行程序获取动态资源时若需要获得数据库中的资源时，由Php服务器通过mysql协议与MySQL/MariaDB服务器交互，取之而后返回给httpd，httpd将从php服务器收到的执行结果封装成http响应报文响应给客户端。

3. lamp平台构建

环境说明：

系统平台	IP	需要安装的服务
centos8	192.168.111.138	httpd-2.4 mysql-5.7 php php-mysql

lamp平台软件安装次序：

    httpd --> mysql --> php

注意：php要求httpd使用prefork MPM

3.1 安装httpd

##YUM源配置
[root@localhost ~]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/d' -e '/mirrors.aliyuncs.com/d' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo

[root@100 ~]# yum install -y https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/epel-release-latest-8.noarch.rpm
[root@100 ~]# sed -i 's|^#baseurl=https://download.example/pub|baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*
[root@100 ~]# sed -i 's|^metalink|#metalink|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*

##安装开发工具包
[root@localhost ~]# yum groups mark install 'Development Tools'

##创建apache服务的用户和组
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin apache
[root@localhost ~]# id apache
uid=994(apache) gid=991(apache) groups=991(apache)

##安装依赖包
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install openssl-devel pcre-devel expat-devel libtool gcc gcc-c++

##下载和安装apr与apr-util
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/src/
[root@localhost ~]#wget https://downloads.apache.org/apr/apr-1.6.5.tar.bz2
[root@localhost ~]#wget https://downloads.apache.org/apr/apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2
[root@localhost src]# ls
apr-1.6.5.tar.bz2  apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2  debug  kernels
[root@localhost src]# tar -xf apr-1.6.5.tar.bz2 
[root@localhost src]# tar -xf apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2 
[root@localhost src]# ls
apr-1.6.5  apr-1.6.5.tar.bz2  apr-util-1.6.1  apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2  debug  kernels
[root@localhost src]# cd apr-1.6.5
[root@localhost apr-1.6.5]# vim configure
    cfgfile="${ofile}T"
    trap "$RM \"$cfgfile\"; exit 1" 1 2 15
    # $RM "$cfgfile"        //将此行加上注释，或者删除此行

[root@localhost apr-1.6.5]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr
配置过程略...
[root@localhost apr-1.6.5]# make && make install
编译安装过程略...

[root@localhost apr-1.6.5]# cd /usr/src/apr-util-1.6.1
[root@localhost apr-util-1.6.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr
配置过程略...
[root@localhost apr-util-1.6.1]# make && make install
编译安装过程略...

##编译安装httpd
[root@100 src]# wget https://downloads.apache.org/httpd/httpd-2.4.54.tar.bz2
[root@localhost src]# tar -xf httpd-2.4.54.tar.bz2 
[root@localhost src]# cd httpd-2.4.54
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.54]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache \
> --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd24 \
> --enable-so \
> --enable-ssl \
> --enable-cgi \
> --enable-rewrite \
> --with-zlib \
> --with-pcre \
> --with-apr=/usr/local/apr \
> --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util/ \
> --enable-modules=most \
> --enable-mpms-shared=all \
> --with-mpm=prefork
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.54]# make && make install

##安装后配置
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.54]# echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/apache/bin" > /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.54]# source /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.54]# ln -s /usr/local/apache/include/ /usr/include/httpd
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.54]# vim /etc/man_db.conf
.....
MANDATORY_MANPATH                       /usr/local/apache/man
.....
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.54]# cd /usr/lib/systemd/system
[root@localhost system]# cp sshd.service httpd.service
[root@localhost system]# vim httpd.service 
[Unit]
Description=apache server daemon
After=network.target sshd-keygen.target

[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl start
ExecStop=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl stop
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[root@localhost system]# systemctl start httpd
[root@localhost system]# systemctl enable httpd
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.
[root@localhost system]# ss -anlt | grep 80
LISTEN 0      128                *:80              *:*   

##开启80端口
##配置防火墙使得HTTP流量、HTTPS流量能够顺利通过防火墙，并阻挡其他可疑流量
[root@localhost system]# firewall-cmd --add-service=http --permanent
success
[root@localhost system]# firewall-cmd --add-service=https --permanent
success
[root@localhost system]# firewall-cmd --add-port=80/tcp --permanent
success
[root@localhost system]# iptables -I INPUT 1 -i eth0 -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT

访问

安装完成之后，访问Apache服务，出现默认首页，说明安装成功。

3.2 安装mysql

##安装依赖包
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install ncurses-devel openssl-devel openssl cmake

##创建mysql用户和组
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql
[root@localhost ~]# id mysql
uid=993(mysql) gid=990(mysql) groups=990(mysql)

##下载二进制格式的mysql软件包
[root@localhost ~]#wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

##解压软件至/usr/local/
[root@localhost src]# tar -xf mysql-5.7.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

##设置软连接
[root@localhost usr]# cd /usr/local/
[root@localhost local]# ln -sv mysql-5.7.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ mysql
'mysql' -> 'mysql-5.7.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/'

##修改目录/usr/local/mysql*的属主属组
[root@localhost local]# chown -R mysql.mysql mysql*
[root@localhost local]# ll -d mysql*
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 mysql mysql  36 Aug  2 21:08 mysql -> mysql-5.7.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/
drwxr-xr-x. 9 mysql mysql 129 Aug  2 21:05 mysql-5.7.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64

##添加环境变量
[root@localhost mysql]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@localhost mysql]# source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh 
[root@localhost mysql]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin:/usr/local/apache/bin
//头文件—include
[root@localhost mysql]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/include /usr/include/mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# ll /usr/include/
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 24 Jul 26 21:21 mysql -> /usr/local/mysql/include
//库文件—lib
[root@localhost mysql]# vim /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
/usr/local/mysql/lib/
[root@localhost mysql]# ldconfig
//man文件路径
[root@localhost mysql]# vim /etc/man_db.conf
......
MANDATORY_MANPATH                       /usr/local/mysql/man
......

##建立数据存放目录
[root@localhost mysql]# mkdir /opt/data
[root@localhost mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql /opt/data/
[root@localhost mysql]# ll /opt/
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 6 Aug  2 21:16 data

##初始化数据库
[root@localhost mysql]#  /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/opt/data/
2022-08-02T13:17:30.732811Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2022-08-02T13:17:30.907500Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2022-08-02T13:17:30.932432Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2022-08-02T13:17:30.997587Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 76a6881f-1265-11ed-8422-000c29e16842.
2022-08-02T13:17:30.998294Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2022-08-02T13:17:31.495168Z 0 [Warning] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1 is enabled. Please use TLSv1.2 or higher.
2022-08-02T13:17:31.495186Z 0 [Warning] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1.1 is enabled. Please use TLSv1.2 or higher.
2022-08-02T13:17:31.495869Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2022-08-02T13:17:31.601283Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: o!Ki52Mu_hhh
//请注意，这个命令的最后会生成一个临时密码，此处密码是o!Ki52Mu_hhh
//再次注意，这个密码是随机的，你的不会跟我一样，一定要记住这个密码，因为一会登录时会用到
[root@localhost mysql]# echo 'o!Ki52Mu_hhh' > passwd

##配置mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/include/ /usr/local/include/mysql
'/usr/local/include/mysql' -> '/usr/local/mysql/include/'
[root@localhost mysql]# echo '/usr/local/mysql/lib' > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
[root@localhost mysql]# ldconfig 

##生成配置文件
[root@localhost mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /opt/data
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
port = 3306
pid-file = /opt/data/mysql.pid
user = mysql
skip-name-resolve

##配置服务启动脚本
[root@localhost mysql]# cp -a /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@localhost mysql]# vim /etc/init.d/mysqld
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/opt/data
[root@localhost mysql]# cd /usr/lib/systemd/system
[root@localhost system]# cp httpd.service mysqld.service
[root@localhost system]# vim mysqld.service
[Unit]
Description=mysqld server daemon
After=network.target sshd-keygen.target

[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/etc/init.d/mysqld start
ExecStop=/etc/init.d/mysqld stop
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

##启动mysql
[root@localhost system]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@localhost system]# systemctl enable mysqld
Synchronizing state of mysqld.service with SysV service script with /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install.
Executing: /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install enable mysqld
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mysqld.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service.
[root@localhost system]# ss -anlt | grep 3306 
LISTEN 0      80                 *:3306            *:* 

##修改密码
[root@localhost mysql]# mysql -p 
mysql: error while loading shared libraries: libncurses.so.5: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
//解决办法
[root@localhost mysql]# yum whatprovides libncurses.so.5
Last metadata expiration check: 1:12:26 ago on Tue 02 Aug 2022 08:23:55 PM CST.
Module yaml error: Unexpected key in data: static_context [line 9 col 3]
Module yaml error: Unexpected key in data: static_context [line 9 col 3]
ncurses-compat-libs-6.1-9.20180224.el8.i686 : Ncurses compatibility libraries
Repo        : base
Matched from:
Provide    : libncurses.so.5

[root@localhost mysql]# yum -y install ncurses-compat-libs
//进入数据库设置新密码
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p'o!Ki52Mu_hhh'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.37

Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> set password = password('Passwd123');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
//开启远程访问权限
mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> update user set host = '%' where user = 'root';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> FLUSH  PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select host,user from user;
+-----------+---------------+
| host      | user          |
+-----------+---------------+
| %         | root          |
| localhost | mysql.session |
| localhost | mysql.sys     |
+-----------+---------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
//开放3306端口
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
success
#重新加载防火墙
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --reload
success

3.3 安装php

##安装依赖包
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install libxml2 libxml2-devel openssl openssl-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel libcurl libcurl-devel libicu-devel libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel openldap-devel  pcre-devel freetype freetype-devel gmp gmp-devel libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel readline readline-devel libxslt libxslt-devel mhash mhash-devel php-mysqlnd

##下载php并解压
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/src/
[root@localhost src]# wget https://www.php.net/distributions/php-7.4.30.tar.xz
[root@localhost src]# tar -xf php-7.4.30.tar.xz 

##编译安装php
[root@localhost php-7.4.30]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php7  \
> --with-config-file-path=/etc \
> --enable-fpm \
> --enable-inline-optimization \
> --disable-debug \
> --disable-rpath \
> --enable-shared \
> --enable-soap \
> --with-openssl \
> --enable-bcmath \
> --with-iconv \
> --with-bz2 \
> --enable-calendar \
> --with-curl \
> --enable-exif  \
> --enable-ftp \
> --with-gd \
> --with-jpeg-dir \
> --with-png-dir \
> --with-zlib-dir \
> --with-freetype-dir \
> --with-gettext \
> --enable-json \
> --enable-mbstring \
> --enable-pdo \
> --with-mysqli=mysqlnd \
> --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd \
> --with-readline \
> --enable-shmop \
> --enable-simplexml \
> --enable-sockets \
> --enable-zip \
> --enable-mysqlnd-compression-support \
> --with-pear \
> --enable-pcntl \
> --enable-posix

遇到以下问题的解决方法

configure: error: Package requirements (sqlite3 > 3.7.4) were not met: Package ‘sqlite3’, required by ‘virtual:world’, not found

[root@localhost php-7.4.30]# yum -y install sqlite-devel

configure: error: Package requirements (oniguruma) were not met: Package ‘oniguruma’, required by ‘virtual:world’, not found

[root@localhost php-7.4.30]# yum -y install http://mirror.centos.org/centos/8-stream/PowerTools/x86_64/os/Packages/oniguruma-devel-6.8.2-2.el8.x86_64.rpm

configure: error: Package requirements (libcurl >= 7.15.5) were not met: Package ‘libcurl’, required by ‘virtual:world’, not found

[root@localhost php-7.4.30]# yum install -y libcurl-devel.x86_64

error: Please reinstall readline - I cannot find readline.h

[root@localhost php-7.4.30]# yum -y install readline-devel

当出现如图所示情况

//因版本过新导致可选编译项名称不一致
[root@localhost php-7.4.30]# ./configure --help | grep gd
  --with-gdbm[=DIR]       DBA: GDBM support
  --enable-gd             Include GD support
  --with-external-gd      Use external libgd
  --with-webp             GD: Enable WEBP support (only for bundled libgd)
  --with-jpeg             GD: Enable JPEG support (only for bundled libgd)
  --with-xpm              GD: Enable XPM support (only for bundled libgd)
                          libgd)
  --enable-gd-jis-conv    GD: Enable JIS-mapped Japanese font support (only
                          for bundled libgd)
[root@localhost php-7.4.30]# ./configure --help | grep jpeg
  --with-jpeg             GD: Enable JPEG support (only for bundled libgd)
[root@localhost php-7.4.30]# ./configure --help | grep png
[root@localhost php-7.4.30]# ./configure --help | grep freetype
  --with-freetype         GD: Enable FreeType 2 support (only for bundled
[root@localhost php-7.4.30]# ./configure --help | grep zip
  --with-zip              Include Zip read/write support
  
##找到相应的可选编译项后，继续编译
[root@localhost php-7.4.30]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php7  \
> --with-config-file-path=/etc \
> --enable-fpm \
> --enable-inline-optimization \
> --disable-debug \
> --disable-rpath \
> --enable-shared \
> --enable-soap \
> --with-openssl \
> --enable-bcmath \
> --with-iconv \
> --with-bz2 \
> --enable-calendar \
> --with-curl \
> --enable-exif  \
> --enable-ftp \
> --enable-gd \
> --with-jpeg \
> --with-zlib-dir \
> --with-freetype \
> --with-gettext \
> --enable-json \
> --enable-mbstring \
> --enable-pdo \
> --with-mysqli=mysqlnd \
> --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd \
> --with-readline \
> --enable-shmop \
> --enable-simplexml \
> --enable-sockets \
> --with-zip \
> --enable-mysqlnd-compression-support \
> --with-pear \
> --enable-pcntl \
> --enable-posix
//报错
configure: error: Package requirements (libzip >= 0.11 libzip != 1.3.1 libzip != 1.7.0) were not met:

Package 'libzip', required by 'virtual:world', not found
Package 'libzip', required by 'virtual:world', not found
Package 'libzip', required by 'virtual:world', not found

解决方案

[root@localhost php-7.4.30]# yum -y install libzip-devel

如图表示PHP模块启用成功

继续编译安装

[root@localhost php-7.4.30]# make && make install

安装后配置

[root@localhost php-7.4.30]# cd /usr/local/php7/
[root@localhost php7]# ls
bin  etc  include  lib  php  sbin  var
[root@localhost php7]# echo 'export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/php7/bin' > /etc/profile.d/php7.sh[root@localhost php7]# source /etc/profile.d/php7.sh
[root@localhost php7]# ln -s /usr/local/php7/include/ /usr/include/php7
[root@localhost php7]# echo '/usr/local/php7/lib/' > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/php7.conf
[root@localhost php7]# ldconfig

##配置php-fpm
[root@localhost php7]# cd /usr/src/php-7.4.30
[root@localhost php-7.4.30]# cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini 
cp: overwrite '/etc/php.ini'? y
[root@localhost php-7.4.30]# cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
[root@localhost php-7.4.30]# ll -d /etc/init.d/php-fpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2402 Aug  2 23:38 /etc/init.d/php-fpm
[root@localhost php-7.4.30]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fpm

[root@localhost php-7.4.30]# cd /usr/local/php7/etc/
[root@localhost etc]# ls
pear.conf  php-fpm.conf.default  php-fpm.d
[root@localhost etc]# cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf
[root@localhost etc]# cd php-fpm.d/
[root@localhost php-fpm.d]# ls
www.conf.default
[root@localhost php-fpm.d]# cp www.conf.default www.conf

//编辑php-fpm的配置文件（/usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf）：
//配置fpm的相关选项为你所需要的值：
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf
.....
.....
pm.max_children = 50    ;最多同时提供50个进程提供50个并发服务
pm.start_servers = 5    ;启动时启动5个进程
pm.min_spare_servers = 2    ;最小空闲进程数
pm.max_spare_servers = 8    ;最大空闲进程数

##启动 php
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/lib/systemd/system
[root@localhost system]# cp httpd.service php-fpm.service
[root@localhost system]# vim php-fpm.service
[Unit]
Description=php-fpm server daemon
After=network.target sshd-keygen.target

[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/etc/init.d/php-fpm start
ExecStop=/etc/init.d/php-fpm stop
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

[root@localhost system]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@localhost system]# systemctl start php-fpm
[root@localhost system]# systemctl enable php-fpm
Synchronizing state of php-fpm.service with SysV service script with /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install.
Executing: /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install enable php-fpm
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/php-fpm.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service.
[root@localhost system]# ss -anlt | grep 9000
LISTEN 0      128        127.0.0.1:9000      0.0.0.0:*

4.配置 apache

4.1启用代理模块

在 apache httpd 2.4 以后已经专门有一个模块针对 FastCGI 的实现，此模块为 mod_proxy_fcgi.so，它其实是作为 mod_proxy.so 模块的扩展，因此，这两个模块都要加载，编辑 httpd.conf 文件，取消以下两行内容的注释：

LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so
LoadModule proxy_fcgi_module modules/mod_proxy_fcgi.so

##启用httpd的相关模块
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
//取消以下两行内容的注释
#LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so
#LoadModule proxy_fcgi_module modules/mod_proxy_fcgi.so

4.2 配置虚拟主机

在需要使用fcgi的虚拟主机中添加类似如下两行：

ProxyRequests Off       //关闭正向代理
ProxyPassMatch ^/(.*\.php)$ fcgi://127.0.0.1:9000/PATH/TO/DOCUMENT_ROOT/$1

例如：

ProxyPassMatch ^/(.*\.php)$ fcgi://127.0.0.1:9000/var/www/html/idfsoft.com/$1

注意：

这里写的/var/www/html/是yum源安装方式生成的网页存放目录，这里必须改成你编译安装指定的网页存放路径，禁止直接复制我这里的路径这里的idfsoft.com是域名，你必须改成你所使用的域名，禁止直接复制此处的域名这里的$1表示匹配所有以.php结尾的http请求

##创建虚拟主机目录并生成php测试页面
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /usr/local/apache/htdocs/anloe.com
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/apache/htdocs/anloe.com/index.php
<?php
   phpinfo();
?>

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
//在配置文件的最后加入以下内容
<IfModule ssl_module>
SSLRandomSeed startup builtin
SSLRandomSeed connect builtin
</IfModule>
<VirtualHost *:80>
    DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/anloe.com"
    ServerName www.anloe.com
    ProxyRequests Off    ProxyPassMatch ^/(.*\.php)$ fcgi://127.0.0.1:9000/usr/local/apache/htdocs/anloe.com/$1
    <Directory "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/anloe.com">
        Options none
        AllowOverride none
        Require all granted
    </Directory>
</VirtualHost>

//搜索AddType，添加以下内容
    # If the AddEncoding directives above are commented-out, then you
    # probably should define those extensions to indicate media types:
    #
    AddType application/x-compress .Z
    AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz
    AddType application/x-httpd-php .php        #添加此行
    AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps        #添加此行

//搜索dir_module，添加index.php
<IfModule dir_module>
    DirectoryIndex index.php index.html        
</IfModule>

[root@localhost ~]# httpd -t
Syntax OK
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@localhost ~]# ss -anlt
State     Recv-Q    Send-Q       Local Address:Port         Peer Address:Port    Process    
LISTEN    0         128                0.0.0.0:22                0.0.0.0:*                  
LISTEN    0         128              127.0.0.1:9000              0.0.0.0:*                  
LISTEN    0         128                   [::]:22                   [::]:*                  
LISTEN    0         80                       *:3306                    *:*                  
LISTEN    0         128                      *:80                      *:*