网络安全深度解析：HTTPS加密机制及其在现代Web安全中的核心作用

// ClientHello 的简化版伪代码表示
client_hello = {
    version: [TLS_1.2],
    cipher_suites: [AES_GCM_SHA256, ...],
    random: client_random,
    extensions: [
        { type: SNI, value: server_name },
        ...
    ]
}

// ServerHello 的简化版伪代码表示
server_hello = {
    version: [selected_TLS_version],
    cipher_suite: AES_GCM_SHA256,
    random: server_random,
    session_id: optional_session_id,
    extensions: [
        { type: ServerName, value: confirmed_server_name },
        ...
    ]
}

server {
    listen 443 ssl;
    server_name your_domain.com;

    # SSL证书文件路径
    ssl_certificate /path/to/certificate.crt;
    ssl_certificate_key /path/to/private.key;

    # 使用强加密套件
    ssl_ciphers "ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:DHE-DSS-AES128-GCM-SHA256:kEDH+AESGCM:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA:DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA:DHE-DSS-AES128-SHA:AES256-SHA:!aNULL:!eNULL:!EXPORT:!DES:!RC4:!MD5:!PSK:!aECDH:!EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA:!EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA:!KRB5-DES-CBC3-SHA";

    # 强制启用HTTP/2协议（若服务器支持）
    ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;
    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;

    # 增强安全性，禁止弱SSL/TLS版本及老旧加密套件
    ssl_dhparam /path/to/dhparams.pem; # Diffie-Hellman 参数文件

    # HSTS策略，强制客户端始终通过HTTPS访问
    add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000; includeSubdomains; preload";

    # 其他常规站点配置...
}

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name your_domain.com;
    return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
}