MySQL 5.7 二进制版本安装教程 - 简单又好用！

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神秘泣男子

发布于 2024-12-27 09:31:52

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还在为源码编译安装 MySQL 头疼吗？二进制版本安装不仅快速，而且稳定可靠。这篇教程将手把手教你如何在 CentOS 7 上安装 MySQL 5.7 的二进制版本。整个过程不到 15 分钟，让你轻松搞定数据库安装！

一、准备工作

官方网站

wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

华中科技大学镜像：

wget https://mirrors.hust.edu.cn/mysql/downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

中科大镜像：

wget https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/mysql-ftp/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

方案三：手动下载后上传

在您的本地电脑上访问以下链接下载：
- https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/
- 选择 MySQL Community Server 5.7.28
- 选择 Linux-Generic 版本
- 下载 mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

注意下载完成之后上传到：cd /usr/local/src

首先检查系统环境：

# 查看系统版本
cat /etc/redhat-release

# 检查系统位数
uname -a

安装必需的依赖包：

# 安装基础工具
yum -y install gcc vim wget net-tools lrzsz

# 安装 MySQL 依赖包
yum -y install libaio

创建 MySQL 用户和组：

groupadd mysql
useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql -g mysql

关闭 SELinux 和防火墙：

# 永久关闭 SELinux
sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
# 临时关闭
setenforce 0

# 关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld

二、解压安装 MySQL

cd /usr/local/src
tar zxf mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
mv mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql

mkdir /usr/local/mysql/data
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/

三、配置 MySQL

创建配置文件：

cat > /etc/my.cnf << EOF
[client]
socket=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
socket=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
skip-name-resolve
port = 3306
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
max_connections=2048
character-set-server=utf8
default-storage-engine=INNODB
lower_case_table_names=1
max_allowed_packet=16M
EOF

初始化数据库（请务必记录临时密码）：

cd /usr/local/mysql/bin
./mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

配置环境变量：

echo "export PATH=\$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin" >> /etc/profile
source /etc/profile

四、配置系统服务

配置启动脚本：

cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld

创建 systemd 服务文件：

cat > /lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=mysqld
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/etc/init.d/mysqld start
ExecReload=/etc/init.d/mysqld restart
ExecStop=/etc/init.d/mysqld stop
PrivateTmp=true

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

启动 MySQL：

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable mysqld
systemctl start mysqld

检查服务状态：

systemctl status mysqld
netstat -tunlp | grep 3306

五、首次登录和密码修改

查看临时密码：

grep 'temporary password' /usr/local/mysql/data/error.log

登录并修改密码：

mysql -u root -p
# 输入临时密码

# 在 MySQL 命令行中执行：
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'YourNewPassword123!';

进入数据库之后

[root@localhost bin]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.28

Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Abcd-123!';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql>