Apache介绍和Apache包安装

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Raymond运维

修改于 2025-09-25 07:56:53

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文章被收录于专栏：干货分享干货分享

Apache介绍和安装

1.Apache介绍

Apache一般指Apache HTTP Server，是Apache软件基金会的一个开源网页服务器软件，以下为你详细介绍：

基本信息

它具有简单、快速、可靠等特点，能运行在几乎所有广泛使用的计算机平台上，由于其跨平台和安全性，被广泛使用，是最流行的Web服务器软件之一。

发展历程

1995年，美国国家超级电脑应用中心（NCSA）的HTTPd服务器项目停滞后，开发者们将修补代码汇总，形成了Apache HTTP Server，同年4月正式发布。
此后不断更新完善，功能日益强大，逐渐成为互联网上使用最广泛的Web服务器软件。

特点

开放源代码：遵循Apache许可证，用户可自由使用、修改和分发，众多开发者参与贡献，不断改进其功能和性能。
跨平台性：支持多种操作系统，如Windows、Linux、Unix等，方便不同环境部署。
模块化设计：拥有丰富模块，如身份验证、URL重写、缓存等，用户可根据需求灵活加载或卸载，定制服务器功能。
稳定性与可靠性：经过长期发展和大量实践检验，能在高负载下稳定运行，确保网站持续提供服务。
安全性：提供多种安全机制，如SSL/TLS加密、访问控制、防止DDoS攻击等，保护网站和用户数据安全。

应用场景

企业网站：为各类企业搭建官方网站，展示企业信息、产品和服务，处理客户咨询和订单。
电子商务平台：支撑在线购物网站，处理大量用户访问、交易数据和支付流程，保障交易安全稳定。
内容管理系统（CMS）：作为WordPress、Drupal等CMS的服务器平台，发布和管理各种类型的内容。

2.Apache安装

2.1 主机初始化

2.1.1 设置网卡名

Rocky Linux 9/10、Almalinux 9/10、CentOS Stream 9/10、AnolisOS 23、OpenCloudOS 9：
创建 systemd 链接文件：创建 /etc/systemd/network/70-eth0.link 文件。

[root@rocky10 ~]# mkdir -p /etc/systemd/network/
[root@rocky10 ~]# touch /etc/systemd/network/70-eth0.link

[root@rocky10 ~]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens160: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:02:55:30 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    altname enp3s0
    altname enx000c29025530
    inet 172.31.15.1/20 brd 172.31.15.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens160
       valid_lft 1776sec preferred_lft 1776sec
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe02:5530/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

[root@rocky10 ~]# cat > /etc/systemd/network/70-eth0.link << EOF
[Match]
MACAddress=00:0c:29:f8:60:8f

[Link]
Name=eth0
EOF

# 也可以执行下面命令
ETHNAME=`ip addr | awk -F"[ :]" '/^2/{print $3}'`
ETHMAC=`ip addr show ${ETHNANME} | awk -F' ' '/ether/{print $2}'`
mkdir /etc/systemd/network/
touch /etc/systemd/network/70-eth0.link
cat > /etc/systemd/network/70-eth0.link << EOF
[Match]
MACAddress=${ETHMAC}

[Link]
Name=eth0
EOF

修改 NetworkManager 配置文件：如果使用 NetworkManager 管理网络，需要修改 /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections 下的配置文件。

[root@rocky10 ~]# mv /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/ens160.nmconnection /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/eth0.nmconnection

[root@rocky10 ~]# sed -i.bak 's/'ens160'/eth0/' /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/eth0.nmconnection

# 也可以执行下面命令
mv /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/${ETHNAME}.nmconnection /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/eth0.nmconnection
sed -i.bak 's/'${ETHNAME}'/eth0/' /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/eth0.nmconnection

Rocky Linux 8、Almalinux 8、CentOS 7、CentOS Stream 8、openEuler 22.03和24.03 LTS、AnolisOS 8、OpenCloudOS 8、Kylin Server v10/v11、UOS Server v20：
修改 GRUB 配置文件：打开 /etc/default/grub 文件，添加以下内容到 GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX 行

net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0

执行以下命令：

sed -ri.bak '/^GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=/s@"$@ net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0"@' /etc/default/grub

然后更新 GRUB 配置：

grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg

如果是 UEFI 引导系统，更新命令为：

# Rocky
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/rocky/grub.cfg

# Almalinux
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/almalinux/grub.cfg

# CentOS
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/centos/grub.cfg

# openEuler
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/openEuler/grub.cfg

# AnolisOS
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/anolis/grub.cfg

# OpenCloudOS
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/opencloudos/grub.cfg

# Kylin Server
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/kylin/grub.cfg

# UOS Server
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/uos/grub.cfg

# UEFI 引导系统可以直接执行下面命令：
EFI_DIR=`find /boot/efi/ -name "grub.cfg" | awk -F"/" '{print $5}'`
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/${EFI_DIR}/grub.cfg

创建 Udev 规则文件：创建 /etc/udev/rules.d/10-network.rules 文件，并添加以下内容：

SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", ATTR{address}=="<网卡MAC地址>", NAME="eth0"

注意：创建Udev这个步骤只在AnolisOS 8上执行。

将 <网卡MAC地址> 替换为实际网卡的 MAC 地址。

[root@anolisos8 ~]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:47:02:3f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    altname enp2s1
    inet 172.31.15.25/20 brd 172.31.15.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft 1785sec preferred_lft 1785sec
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe47:23f/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

[root@anolis8 ~]# cat >> /etc/udev/rules.d/10-network.rules << EOF
SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", ATTR{address}=="00:0c:29:c5:38:3b", NAME="eth0"
EOF

# 也可以执行下面命令
ETHNAME=`ip addr | awk -F"[ :]" '/^2/{print $3}'`
ETHMAC=`ip addr show ${ETHNANME} | awk -F' ' '/ether/{print $2}'`
cat >> /etc/udev/rules.d/10-network.rules << EOF
SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", ATTR{address}=="${ETHMAC}", NAME="eth0"
EOF

修改网卡配置文件：创建 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 文件，并配置网卡参数，例如：

ETHNAME=`ip addr | awk -F"[ :]" '/^2/{print $3}'`
mv /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-${ETHNAME} /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
sed -i.bak 's/'${ETHNAME}'/eth0/' /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

Ubuntu和Debian：

# Ubuntu和Debian先启用root用户，并设置密码
raymond@ubuntu2404:~$ cat set_root_login.sh 
#!/bin/bash

read -p "请输入密码: " PASSWORD
echo ${PASSWORD} |sudo -S sed -ri 's@#(PermitRootLogin )prohibit-password@\1yes@' /etc/ssh/sshd_config
sudo systemctl restart sshd
sudo -S passwd root <<-EOF
${PASSWORD}
${PASSWORD}
EOF

raymond@ubuntu2404:~$ bash set_root_login.sh 
请输入密码: 123456
[sudo] password for raymond: New password: Retype new password: passwd: password updated successfully

修改 GRUB 配置文件：打开 /etc/default/grub 文件，添加以下内容到 GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX 行

net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0

执行以下命令：

sed -ri.bak '/^GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=/s@"$@net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0"@' /etc/default/grub

然后更新 GRUB 配置：

grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

如果是 UEFI 引导系统，更新命令为：

# Ubuntu
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/ubuntu/grub.cfg

# Debian
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/debian/grub.cfg

# UEFI 引导系统可以直接执行下面命令：
EFI_DIR=`find /boot/efi/ -name "grub.cfg" | awk -F"/" '{print $5}'`
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/${EFI_DIR}/grub.cfg

修改网卡配置文件：

# Ubuntu Server 24.04 LTS
ETHNAME=`ip addr | awk -F"[ :]" '/^2/{print $3}'`
sed -i.bak 's/'${ETHNAME}'/eth0/' /etc/netplan/50-cloud-init.yaml

# Ubuntu Server 22.04  LTS
ETHNAME=`ip addr | awk -F"[ :]" '/^2/{print $3}'`
touch /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/99-disable-network-config.cfg
cat > /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/99-disable-network-config.cfg <<-EOF
network: {config: disabled}
EOF
sed -i.bak 's/'${ETHNAME}'/eth0/' /etc/netplan/50-cloud-init.yaml

# Ubuntu Server 20.04 LTS
ETHNAME=`ip addr | awk -F"[ :]" '/^2/{print $3}'`
sed -i.bak 's/'${ETHNAME}'/eth0/' /etc/netplan/00-installer-config.yaml

# Ubuntu Server 18.04 LTS
ETHNAME=`ip addr | awk -F"[ :]" '/^2/{print $3}'`
sed -i.bak 's/'${ETHNAME}'/eth0/' /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml

# Debian
ETHNAME=`ip addr | awk -F"[ :]" '/^2/{print $3}'`
sed -i.bak 's/'${ETHNAME}'/eth0/' /etc/network/interfaces

重启系统：

reboot

重启后，网卡名称将变为 eth0。

2.1.2 设置ip地址

1ETHNAME=`ip addr |awk -F"[ :]"'/^2/{print $3}'`
2
3# IP变量是ip地址，PREFIX变量是子网掩码位数；GATEWAY变量是网关地址；PRIMARY_DNS变量是主DNS，BACKUP_DNS变量是备用DNS，根据自己的需求修改。
4IP=172.31.0.10
5PREFIX=20
6GATEWAY=172.31.0.2
7PRIMARY_DNS=223.5.5.5
8BACKUP_DNS=180.76.76.76

Rocky Linux 9/10、Almalinux 9/10、CentOS Stream 9/10、AnolisOS 23、OpenCloudOS 9：

1cat> /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/${ETHNAME}.nmconnection <<-EOF
2[connection]
3id=${ETHNAME}
4type=ethernet
5interface-name=${ETHNAME}
6
7[ipv4]
8address1=${IP}/${PREFIX},${GATEWAY}
9dns=${PRIMARY_DNS};${BACKUP_DNS};
10method=manual
11EOF

Rocky Linux 8、Almalinux 8、CentOS 7、CentOS Stream 8、openEuler 22.03和24.03 LTS、AnolisOS 8、OpenCloudOS 8、Kylin Server v10/v11、UOS Server v20：

1cat> /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-${ETHNAME}<<-EOF
2NAME=${ETHNAME}
3DEVICE=${ETHNAME}
4ONBOOT=yes
5BOOTPROTO=none
6TYPE=Ethernet
7IPADDR=${IP}
8PREFIX=${PREFIX}
9GATEWAY=${GATEWAY}
10DNS1=${PRIMARY_DNS}
11DNS2=${BACKUP_DNS}
12EOF

Ubuntu：

1# Ubuntu Server 18.04 LTS
2cat> /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml <<-EOF
3network:
4  version: 2
5  renderer: networkd
6  ethernets:
7${ETHNAME}:
8      dhcp4: no
9      dhcp6: no
10      addresses: [${IP}/${PREFIX}]
11      gateway4: ${GATEWAY}
12      nameservers:
13        addresses: [${PRIMARY_DNS}, ${BACKUP_DNS}]
14
15# Ubuntu Server 20.04 LTS
16cat> /etc/netplan/00-installer-config.yaml <<-EOF
17network:
18  version: 2
19  renderer: networkd
20  ethernets:
21${ETHNAME}:
22      dhcp4: no
23      dhcp6: no
24      addresses: [${IP}/${PREFIX}]
25      gateway4: ${GATEWAY}
26      nameservers:
27        addresses: [${PRIMARY_DNS}, ${BACKUP_DNS}]
28EOF
29
30# Ubuntu Server 22.04/24.04 LTS
31cat> /etc/netplan/50-cloud-init.yaml <<-EOF
32network:
33  version: 2
34  renderer: networkd
35  ethernets:
36${ETHNAME}:
37      dhcp4: no
38      dhcp6: no
39      addresses: [${IP}/${PREFIX}]
40      routes:
41        - to: default
42          via: ${GATEWAY}
43      nameservers:
44        addresses: [${PRIMARY_DNS}, ${BACKUP_DNS}]
45EOF

Debian：

1sed-ri-e"s/allow-hotplug/auto/g"-e"s/dhcp/static/g" /etc/network/interfaces
2sed-i'/static/a\address '${IP}'/'${PREFIX}'\ngateway '${GATEWAY}'\ndns-nameservers '${PRIMARY_DNS}' '${BACKUP_DNS}'\n' /etc/network/interfaces

openSUSE：

1cat> /etc/sysconfig/network/ifcfg-${ETHNAME}<<-EOF
2STARTMODE='auto'
3BOOTPROTO='static'
4IPADDR='${IP}/${PREFIX}'
5EOF
6touch /etc/sysconfig/network/routes
7cat> /etc/sysconfig/network/routes  <<-EOF
8default ${GATEWAY} - -
9EOF
10sed-ri's/(NETCONFIG_DNS_STATIC_SERVERS=).*/\1"'${PRIMARY_DNS}' '${BACKUP_DNS}'"/g' /etc/sysconfig/network/config

2.1.3 配置镜像源

Rocky：

1# 阿里云镜像站Rocky系统镜像源地址是：mirrors.aliyun.com/rockylinux，火山引擎镜像站Rocky系统镜像源地址是：mirrors.volces.com/rockylinux，后面地址是rockylinux，使用下面命令执行
2MIRROR=mirrors.aliyun.com
3sed-i.bak-e's|^mirrorlist=|#mirrorlist=|g'-e's|^#baseurl=http://dl.rockylinux.org/$contentdir|baseurl=https://'${MIRROR}'/rockylinux|g' /etc/yum.repos.d/[Rr]ocky*.repo
4
5# 搜狐镜像站Rocky系统镜像源地址是：mirrors.sohu.com/Rocky，后面地址是Rocky，使用下面命令执行
6MIRROR=mirrors.sohu.com
7sed-i.bak-e's|^mirrorlist=|#mirrorlist=|g'-e's|^#baseurl=http://'${OLD_MIRROR}'/$contentdir|baseurl=https://'${MIRROR}'/Rocky|g' /etc/yum.repos.d/[Rr]ocky*.repo
8
9# 其余镜像站Rocky系统镜像源地址后面地址都是rocky，使用下面命令执行
10MIRROR=mirrors.tencent.com
11sed-i.bak-e's|^mirrorlist=|#mirrorlist=|g'-e's|^#baseurl=http://dl.rockylinux.org/$contentdir|baseurl=https://'${MIRROR}'/rocky|g' /etc/yum.repos.d/[Rr]ocky*.repo
12
13dnf clean all && dnf makecache

Almalinux：

1MIRROR=mirrors.tencent.com
2OLD_MIRROR=$(sed-rn'/^.*baseurl=/s@.*=http.*://(.*)/(.*)/\$releasever/.*/$@\1@p' /etc/yum.repos.d/almalinux*.repo |head-1)
3sed-i.bak-e's|^mirrorlist=|#mirrorlist=|g'-e's|^# baseurl=https://'${OLD_MIRROR}'|baseurl=https://'${MIRROR}'|g' /etc/yum.repos.d/almalinux*.repo

CentOS Stream 9和10：

1cat update_mirror.pl
2#!/usr/bin/perl
3
4use strict;
5use warnings;
6use autodie;
7
8# 要修改镜像源，请去修改url变量！
9my $url='mirrors.aliyun.com';
10my $mirrors="https://$url/centos-stream";
11
12if(@ARGV <1){
13    die "Usage: $0...\n";
14}
15
16while(my $filename=shift @ARGV){
17    my $backup_filename=$filename.'.bak';
18rename$filename, $backup_filename;
19
20open my $input, "<", $backup_filename;
21open my $output, ">", $filename;
22
23while(<$input>){
24        s/^metalink/# metalink/;
25
26if(m/^name/){
27            my (undef, $repo, $arch)=split /-/;
28$repo=~ s/^\s+|\s+$//g;
29($arch= defined $arch ? lc($arch):'')=~ s/^\s+|\s+$//g;
30
31if($repo=~ /^Extras/){
32$_ .="baseurl=${mirrors}/SIGs/\$releasever-stream/extras".($arch eq 'source' ? "/${arch}/":"/\$basearch/")."extras-common\n";
33}else{
34$_ .="baseurl=${mirrors}/\$releasever-stream/$repo".($arch eq 'source' ? "/":"/\$basearch/").($arch ne '' ? "${arch}/tree/":"os")."\n";
35}
36}
37
38        print $output$_;
39}
40}
41
42rpm-q perl &> /dev/null ||{echo-e"\\033[01;31m "安装perl工具,请稍等..."\033[0m";yum -yinstall perl ;}
43
44perl ./update_mirror.pl /etc/yum.repos.d/centos*.repo
45
46dnf clean all && dnf makecache

CentOS Stream 8：

1MIRROR=mirrors.aliyun.com
2sed-i.bak-e's|^mirrorlist=|#mirrorlist=|g'-e's|^#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/$contentdir|baseurl=https://'${MIRROR}'/centos-vault|g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-*.repo
3
4dnf clean all && dnf makecache

CentOS 7：

1MIRROR=mirrors.aliyun.com
2OS_RELEASE_FULL_VERSION=`cat /etc/centos-release |sed-rn's/^(CentOS Linux release )(.*)( \(Core\))/\2/p'`
3sed-i.bak-e's|^mirrorlist=|#mirrorlist=|g'-e's|^#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos|baseurl=https://'${MIRROR}'/centos-vault|g'-e"s/\$releasever/${OS_RELEASE_FULL_VERSION}/g" /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-*.repo
4
5yum clean all && yum makecache

Ubuntu Server 24.04 LTS：

1MIRROR=mirrors.aliyun.com
2sed-ri"s@^(URIs: )(http.*://)(.*)(/ubuntu).?@\1https://${MIRROR}\4@g" /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources
3
4apt update

Ubuntu Server 18.04/20.04/22.04 LTS：

1MIRROR=mirrors.aliyun.com
2OLD_MIRROR=`sed-rn"s@^deb http(.*)://(.*)/ubuntu/? $(lsb_release -cs) main.*@\2@p" /etc/apt/sources.list`
3SECURITY_MIRROR=`sed-rn"s@^deb http(.*)://(.*)/ubuntu.* $(lsb_release -cs)-security main.*@\2@p" /etc/apt/sources.list`
4sed-i.bak-e's@http.*://'${OLD_MIRROR}'@https://'${MIRROR}'@g'-e's@http.*://'${SECURITY_MIRROR}'@https://'${MIRROR}'@g' /etc/apt/sources.list
5
6apt update

Debian：

1MIRROR=mirrors.aliyun.com
2OLD_MIRROR=`sed-rn"s@^deb http(.*)://(.*)/debian/? $(lsb_release -cs) main.*@\2@p" /etc/apt/sources.list`
3SECURITY_MIRROR=`sed-rn"s@^deb http(.*)://(.*)/debian-security $(lsb_release -cs)-security main.*@\2@p" /etc/apt/sources.list`
4sed-ri.bak-e's/'${OLD_MIRROR}'/'${MIRROR}'/g'-e's/'${SECURITY_MIRROR}'/'${MIRROR}'/g'-e's/^(deb cdrom.*)/#\1/g' /etc/apt/sources.list
5
6apt update

openEuler：

1MIRROR=mirrors.aliyun.com
2OLD_MIRROR=$(awk -F'/''/^baseurl=/{print $3}' /etc/yum.repos.d/openEuler.repo |head-1)
3sed-i.bak-e's|^metalink=|#metalink=|g'-e's|http.*://'${OLD_MIRROR}'|https://'${MIRROR}'/openeuler|g' /etc/yum.repos.d/openEuler.repo
4
5dnf clean all && dnf makecache

AnolisOS:

1OLD_MIRROR=$(sed-rn'/^.*baseurl=/s@.*=http.*://(.*)/(.*)/\$releasever/.*/$@\1@p' /etc/yum.repos.d/AnolisOS*.repo |head-1)
2
3# 中国科学院软件研究所镜像站AnolisOS系统镜像源地址是：mirror.iscas.ac.cn/openanolis，后面地址是openanolis，使用下面命令执行
4MIRROR=mirror.iscas.ac.cn
5sed-i.bak-e's|http.*://'${OLD_MIRROR}'/anolis|https://'${MIRROR}'/openanolis|g' /etc/yum.repos.d/AnolisOS*.repo
6
7# 其余镜像站AnolisOS系统镜像源地址后面地址都是anolis，使用下面命令执行
8MIRROR=mirrors.aliyun.com
9sed-i.bak-e's|http.*://'${OLD_MIRROR}'/anolis|https://'${MIRROR}'/anolis|g' /etc/yum.repos.d/AnolisOS*.repo
10
11dnf clean all && dnf makecache

OpenCloudOS：

1MIRROR=mirrors.tencent.com
2OLD_MIRROR=$(awk -F'/''/^baseurl=/{print $3}' /etc/yum.repos.d/OpenCloudOS*.repo |head-1)
3sed-i.bak-e's|http.*://'${OLD_MIRROR}'|https://'${MIRROR}'|g' /etc/yum.repos.d/OpenCloudOS*.repo
4
5dnf clean all && dnf makecache

openSUSE:

1MIRROR=mirrors.aliyun.com
2OLD_MIRROR=$(awk -F'/''/^baseurl=/{print $3}' /etc/zypp/repos.d/repo-*.repo |head-1)
3sed-i.bak's|http.*://'${OLD_MIRROR}'|https://'${MIRROR}'/opensuse|g' /etc/zypp/repos.d/repo-*.repo
4
5zypper clean &&zypper refresh

2.1.4 关闭防火墙

1# Rocky、Almalinux、CentOS、openEuler、AnolisOS、OpenCloudOS、openSUSE、Kylin Server、UOS Server
2systemctl disable --now firewalld
3
4# CentOS 7还要执行下面命令
5systemctl disable --now NetworkManager
6
7# Ubuntu
8systemctl disable --now ufw
9
10# Debian默认没有安装防火墙，不用设置

2.1.5 禁用SELinux

1# Rocky、Almalinux、CentOS、openEuler、AnolisOS、OpenCloudOS、Kylin Server、UOS Server
2setenforce 0
3sed-i's#SELINUX=enforcing#SELINUX=disabled#g' /etc/selinux/config
4
5# Ubuntu、Debian和openSUSE默认没有安装SELinux，不用设置

2.1.6 禁用AppArmor

1# openSUSE发行版默认不启用SELinux，而是使用AppArmor来提供强制访问控制（MAC）功能，需要禁用AppArmor。
2systemctl disable --now apparmor

2.1.7 设置时区

1timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai
2echo'Asia/Shanghai'>/etc/timezone
3
4# Ubuntu还要设置下面内容
5cat>> /etc/default/locale <<-EOF
6LC_TIME=en_DK.UTF-8
7EOF

2.2 包安装

2.2.1 Yum资源库安装Httpd

在Rocky、Almalinux、CentOS、openEuler、AnolisOS、OpenCloudOS、Kylin Server、UOS Server上安装httpd：

1[root@rocky10 ~]# yum list httpd --showduplicates
2Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:56 ago on Tue 23 Sep 2025 04:03:20 PM CST.
3Available Packages
4httpd.x86_64                                     2.4.63-1.el10                                          appstream
5httpd.x86_64                                     2.4.63-1.el10_0.2                                      appstream
6
7[root@rocky10 ~]# yum install -y httpd
8
9[root@rocky10 ~]# systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable --now httpd
10
11[root@rocky10 ~]# ss -ntl |grep 80
12LISTEN 0511                *:80              *:*
13
14[root@rocky10 ~]# httpd -v
15Server version: Apache/2.4.63 (Rocky Linux)
16Server built:   Jul 152025 00:00:00

2.2.2 Apt资源库安装Apache2

在Ubuntu和Debian上安装apache2：

1root@ubuntu2404:~# apt-cache madison apache2
2   apache2 |2.4.58-1ubuntu8.8 | https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 Packages
3   apache2 |2.4.58-1ubuntu8.8 | https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu noble-security/main amd64 Packages
4   apache2 |2.4.58-1ubuntu8 | https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 Packages
5
6root@ubuntu2404:~# apt install -y apache2
7
8root@ubuntu2404:~# systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable --now apache2
9
10root@ubuntu2404:~# ss -ntl |grep 80
11LISTEN 0511                *:80              *:*
12
13root@ubuntu2404:~# apache2 -v
14Server version: Apache/2.4.58 (Ubuntu)
15Server built:   2025-08-11T11:10:09

2.2.3 SUSE资源库安装Apache2

在openSUSE上安装apache2：

1opensuse15:~ # zypper search "apache2"
2Loading repository data...
3Reading installed packages...
4
5S | Name                                | Summary                                                    | Type
6--+-------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+-----------
7| apache2                             | The Apache HTTPD Server                                    | package
8| apache2                             | The Apache HTTPD Server                                    | srcpackage
9| apache2-devel                       | The Apache HTTPD Server                                    | package
10| apache2-devel                       | The Apache HTTPD Server                                    | srcpackage
11| apache2-event                       | The Apache HTTPD Server                                    | package
12| apache2-event                       | The Apache HTTPD Server                                    | srcpackage
13| apache2-icons-oxygen                | Oxygen icons for Apache 2| package
14| apache2-manual                      | The Apache HTTPD Server                                    | package
15| apache2-manual                      | The Apache HTTPD Server                                    | srcpackage
16| apache2-mod_apparmor                | AppArmor module for apache2                                | package
17| apache2-mod_auth_gssapi             | GSSAPI Module for Apache                                   | package
18| apache2-mod_auth_kerb               | Kerberos Module for Apache                                 | package
19| apache2-mod_auth_mellon             | A SAML 2.0 authentication module for the Apache Server     | package
20| apache2-mod_auth_mellon-diagnostics | Build of mod_auth_mellon with diagnostic logging           | package
21| apache2-mod_auth_mellon-doc         | Documentation for mod_auth_mellon module                   | package
22| apache2-mod_auth_openidc            | Apache2.x module for an OpenID Connect enabled Identity ->| package
23| apache2-mod_auth_openidc            | Apache2.x module for an OpenID Connect enabled Identity ->| srcpackage
24| apache2-mod_authn_otp               | Apache module for one-time password authentication         | package
25| apache2-mod_dnssd                   | Apache2 module for Zeroconf support via DNS-SD             | package
26| apache2-mod_encoding                | Non-ASCII filename interoperability module for the Apach->| package
27| apache2-mod_evasive                 | Denial of Service evasion module for Apache                | package
28| apache2-mod_fcgid                   | Alternative FastCGI module for Apache2                     | package
29| apache2-mod_jk                      | Connectors between Apache and Tomcat Servlet Container     | package
30| apache2-mod_jk                      | Connectors between Apache and Tomcat Servlet Container     | srcpackage
31| apache2-mod_maxminddb               | MaxMind DB Apache Module                                   | package
32| apache2-mod_mono                    | Run ASP.NET Pages on Unix with Apache and Mono             | package
33| apache2-mod_nss                     | SSL/TLS module for the Apache HTTP server                  | package
34| apache2-mod_perl                    | Embedded Perl for Apache                                   | package
35| apache2-mod_perl-devel              | Embedded Perl for Apache - Development package             | package
36| apache2-mod_php7                    | PHP7 module for the Apache 2.x webserver                   | package
37| apache2-mod_php7                    | PHP7 module for the Apache 2.x webserver                   | srcpackage
38| apache2-mod_php8                    | PHP module for the Apache 2.x webserver                    | package
39| apache2-mod_php8                    | PHP module for the Apache 2.x webserver                    | srcpackage
40| apache2-mod_security2               | Web Application Firewall for apache httpd                  | package
41| apache2-mod_security2               | Web Application Firewall for apache httpd                  | srcpackage
42| apache2-mod_uwsgi                   | uWSGI Module for Apache 2.0| package
43| apache2-mod_wsgi                    | A WSGI interface for Python3 web applications in Apache    | package
44| apache2-mod_wsgi-python3            | A WSGI interface for Python3 web applications in Apache    | package
45| apache2-prefork                     | The Apache HTTPD Server                                    | package
46| apache2-prefork                     | The Apache HTTPD Server                                    | srcpackage
47| apache2-utils                       | The Apache HTTPD Server                                    | package
48| apache2-utils                       | The Apache HTTPD Server                                    | srcpackage
49| apache2-worker                      | The Apache HTTPD Server                                    | package
50| apache2-worker                      | The Apache HTTPD Server                                    | srcpackage
51| dehydrated-apache2                  | Apache Integration for dehydrated                          | package
52| owasp-modsecurity-crs-apache2       | OWASP ModSecurity Common Rule Set (CRS)| package
53| perl-Apache2-AuthCookieDBI          | An AuthCookie module backed by a DBI database              | package
54| rubygem-passenger-apache2           | Passenger apache module                                    | package
55
56opensuse15:~ # zypper info apache2
57Loading repository data...
58Reading installed packages...
59
60
61Information for package apache2:
62--------------------------------
63Repository     : Update repository with updates from SUSE Linux Enterprise 15
64Name           : apache2
65Version        :2.4.58-150600.5.35.1
66Arch           : x86_64
67Vendor         : SUSE LLC <https://www.suse.com/>
68Installed Size :1.4 MiB
69Installed      : No
70Status         : not installed
71Source package : apache2-2.4.58-150600.5.35.1.src
72Upstream URL   : https://httpd.apache.org/
73Summary        : The Apache HTTPD Server
74Description    :
75    The Apache HTTP Server Project is an effort to develop and
76    maintain an open-source HTTP server for modern operating
77    systems including UNIX and Windows. The goal of this project
78    is to provide a secure, efficient and extensible server that
79    provides HTTP services insync with the current HTTP standards.
80
81opensuse15:~ # zypper install -y apache2
82
83opensuse15:~ # systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable --now apache2
84
85opensuse15:~ # ss -ntl |grep 80
86LISTEN 04096               *:80              *:*
87
88opensuse15:~ # httpd -v
89Server version: Apache/2.4.58 (Linux/SUSE)
90Server built:   2025-07-21 02:11:38.000000000 +0000

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