blocks|key|1399415|text|在<appSettings>中，您可以创建应用程序密钥，|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|1399416|<add+key="KeyName"+value="Keyvalue"/>|code-block|syntax|javascript|1399417|稍后，您可以使用以下命令访问这些值：|1399418|ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["Keyname"]|1399419|entityMap^0|1|D|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|Q|8|@$9|R|A|S|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|T|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|U|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|H|7|V|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|O|3|-4|5|6|7|W|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|P|$]]

Inside <code>&lt;appSettings&gt;</code> you can create application keys,

<pre><code>&lt;add key="KeyName" value="Keyvalue"/&gt;
</code></pre>

Later on you can access these values using: 

<pre><code>ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["Keyname"]
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1399467|text|我认为您不能在配置文件中声明和使用变量来定义appSettings键。我总是像你一样在代码中管理连接。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1399468|entityMap^0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|D|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|-4|5|6|7|E|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|C|$]]

I don't think you can declare and use variables to define appSettings keys within a configuration file. I've always managed concatenations in code like you.

blocks|key|1614241|text|我正在为你想要的东西而苦苦挣扎，但你可以将覆盖文件添加到应用程序设置中，然后在每个环境的基础上设置该覆盖文件。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1614242|<appSettings+file="..\OverrideSettings.config">|code-block|syntax|javascript|1614243|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

I'm struggling a bit with what you want, but you can add an override file to the app settings then have that override file set on a per environment basis.

<pre><code>&lt;appSettings file="..\OverrideSettings.config"&gt;
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1614307|text|您有几个选择。您可以通过一个构建/部署步骤来完成此操作，该步骤将处理您的配置文件，用正确的值替换您的变量。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1614308|另一种选择是定义您自己的支持此功能的配置节。例如，想象一下这个xml：|1614309|<variableAppSettings>
+<variables>
++++<add+key="@BaseDir"+value="c:\Programs\Widget"/>
+</variables>
+<appSettings>
++++<add+key="PathToDir"+value="@BaseDir\Dir1"/>
+</appSettings>
</variableAppSettings>|code-block|syntax|javascript|1614310|现在，您可以使用自定义配置对象来实现这一点，这些对象将在运行时为您处理变量替换。|1614311|entityMap^0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|M|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|F|7|O|8|@]|9|@]|A|$G|H]]|$1|I|3|J|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|K|3|-4|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|L|$]]

You have a couple of options. You could do this with a build / deploy step which would process your configuration file replacing your variables with the correct value. 

Another option would be to define your own Configuration section which supported this. For example imagine this xml:

<pre><code>&lt;variableAppSettings&gt;
 &lt;variables&gt;
 &lt;add key="@BaseDir" value="c:\Programs\Widget"/&gt;
 &lt;/variables&gt;
 &lt;appSettings&gt;
 &lt;add key="PathToDir" value="@BaseDir\Dir1"/&gt;
 &lt;/appSettings&gt;
&lt;/variableAppSettings&gt;
</code></pre>

Now you would implement this using custom configuration objects which would handle replacing the variables for you at runtime.

blocks|key|1399677|text|对于需要配置大量类似值的产品，我们使用读取XML并根据传入的参数进行更新的小型控制台应用程序。在向用户询问了所需的信息之后，安装程序会调用这些参数。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1399678|entityMap^0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|D|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|-4|5|6|7|E|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|C|$]]

For rolling out products where we need to configure a lot of items with similar values, we use small console apps that read the XML and update based on the parameters passed in. These are then called by the installer after it has asked the user for the required information.

blocks|key|1399754|text|问得好。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1399755|我不认为有。如果有一种简单的方法，我相信这将是众所周知的，我看到Microsoft正在Visual+Studio+2010中创建一种机制，用于部署不同的配置文件以进行部署和测试。|1399756|话虽如此，但我发现在ConnectionStrings部分有一种称为"%7CDataDirectory%7C“的占位符。或许你可以看看那里有什么工作...|offset|length|style|CODE|1399757|这是来自machine.config的一篇文章，展示了它：|1399758|+<connectionStrings>
++++<add
++++++++name="LocalSqlServer"
++++++++connectionString="data+source=.\SQLEXPRESS;Integrated+Security=SSPI;AttachDBFilename=%7CDataDirectory%7Caspnetdb.mdf;User+Instance=true"
++++++++providerName="System.Data.SqlClient"
++++/>
+</connectionStrings>|code-block|syntax|javascript|1399759|entityMap^0|0|0|A|H|0|4|E|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|S|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|T|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|U|8|@$F|V|G|W|H|I]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|J|3|K|5|6|7|X|8|@$F|Y|G|Z|H|I]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|L|3|M|5|N|7|10|8|@]|9|@]|A|$O|P]]|$1|Q|3|-4|5|6|7|11|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|R|$]]

Good question.

I don't think there is. I believe it would have been quite well known if there was an easy way, and I see that Microsoft is creating a mechanism in Visual Studio 2010 for deploying different configuration files for deployment and test.

With that said, however; I have found that you in the <code>ConnectionStrings</code> section have a kind of placeholder called "|DataDirectory|". Maybe you could have a look at what's at work there...

Here's a piece from <code>machine.config</code> showing it:

<pre><code> &lt;connectionStrings&gt;
 &lt;add
 name="LocalSqlServer"
 connectionString="data source=.\SQLEXPRESS;Integrated Security=SSPI;AttachDBFilename=|DataDirectory|aspnetdb.mdf;User Instance=true"
 providerName="System.Data.SqlClient"
 /&gt;
 &lt;/connectionStrings&gt;
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1399826|text|一种稍微复杂但更灵活的替代方法是创建一个表示配置节的类。在您的app.config+/+web.config文件中，您可以拥有以下内容：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|1399827|<?xml+version="1.0"+encoding="utf-8"+?>
<configuration>
++++
++++<configSections>
++++++++<section+name="DirectoryInfo"+type="MyProjectNamespace.DirectoryInfoConfigSection,+MyProjectAssemblyName"+/>
++++</configSections>

++++<DirectoryInfo>
++++++++<Directory+MyBaseDir="C:\MyBase"+Dir1="Dir1"+Dir2="Dir2"+/>
++++</DirectoryInfo>
</configuration>|code-block|syntax|javascript|1399828|然后，在您的.NET代码中(我将在我的示例中使用C#+)，您可以创建两个类，如下所示：|1399829|using+System;
using+System.Configuration;

namespace+MyProjectNamespace+{

++++public+class+DirectoryInfoConfigSection+:+ConfigurationSection+{

++++++++[ConfigurationProperty("Directory")]
++++++++public+DirectoryConfigElement+Directory+{
++++++++++++get+{
++++++++++++++++return+(DirectoryConfigElement)base["Directory"];
++++++++++++}
++++}

++++public+class+DirectoryConfigElement+:+ConfigurationElement+{

++++++++[ConfigurationProperty("MyBaseDir")]
++++++++public+String+BaseDirectory+{
++++++++++++get+{
++++++++++++++++return+(String)base["MyBaseDir"];
++++++++++++}
++++++++}

++++++++[ConfigurationProperty("Dir1")]
++++++++public+String+Directory1+{
++++++++++++get+{
++++++++++++++++return+(String)base["Dir1"];
++++++++++++}
++++++++}

++++++++[ConfigurationProperty("Dir2")]
++++++++public+String+Directory2+{
++++++++++++get+{
++++++++++++++++return+(String)base["Dir2"];
++++++++++++}
++++++++}
++++++++//+You+can+make+custom+properties+to+combine+your+directory+names.
++++++++public+String+Directory1Resolved+{
++++++++++++get+{
++++++++++++++++return+System.IO.Path.Combine(BaseDirectory,+Directory1);
++++++++++++}
++++++++}
++++}
}|1399830|最后，在您的程序代码中，您可以使用新类以这种方式访问app.config变量：|1399831|DirectoryInfoConfigSection+config+=
++(DirectoryInfoConfigSection)ConfigurationManager.GetSection("DirectoryInfo");
String+dir1Path+=+config.Directory.Directory1Resolved;++//+This+value+will+equal+"C:\MyBase\Dir1"|1399832|entityMap^0|V|A|18|A|0|0|0|0|Q|A|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|U|8|@$9|V|A|W|B|C]|$9|X|A|Y|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|Z|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|10|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|H|7|11|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|O|3|P|5|6|7|12|8|@$9|13|A|14|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|Q|3|R|5|H|7|15|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|S|3|-4|5|6|7|16|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|T|$]]

A slightly more complicated, but far more flexible, alternative is to create a class that represents a configuration section. In your <code>app.config</code> / <code>web.config</code> file, you can have this:

<pre><code>&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?&gt;
&lt;configuration&gt;
 &lt;!-- This section must be the first section within the &lt;configuration&gt; node --&gt;
 &lt;configSections&gt;
 &lt;section name="DirectoryInfo" type="MyProjectNamespace.DirectoryInfoConfigSection, MyProjectAssemblyName" /&gt;
 &lt;/configSections&gt;

 &lt;DirectoryInfo&gt;
 &lt;Directory MyBaseDir="C:\MyBase" Dir1="Dir1" Dir2="Dir2" /&gt;
 &lt;/DirectoryInfo&gt;
&lt;/configuration&gt;
</code></pre>

Then, in your .NET code (I'll use C# in my example), you can create two classes like this:

<pre><code>using System;
using System.Configuration;

namespace MyProjectNamespace {

 public class DirectoryInfoConfigSection : ConfigurationSection {

 [ConfigurationProperty("Directory")]
 public DirectoryConfigElement Directory {
 get {
 return (DirectoryConfigElement)base["Directory"];
 }
 }

 public class DirectoryConfigElement : ConfigurationElement {

 [ConfigurationProperty("MyBaseDir")]
 public String BaseDirectory {
 get {
 return (String)base["MyBaseDir"];
 }
 }

 [ConfigurationProperty("Dir1")]
 public String Directory1 {
 get {
 return (String)base["Dir1"];
 }
 }

 [ConfigurationProperty("Dir2")]
 public String Directory2 {
 get {
 return (String)base["Dir2"];
 }
 }
 // You can make custom properties to combine your directory names.
 public String Directory1Resolved {
 get {
 return System.IO.Path.Combine(BaseDirectory, Directory1);
 }
 }
 }
}
</code></pre>

Finally, in your program code, you can access your <code>app.config</code> variables, using your new classes, in this manner:

<pre><code>DirectoryInfoConfigSection config =
 (DirectoryInfoConfigSection)ConfigurationManager.GetSection("DirectoryInfo");
String dir1Path = config.Directory.Directory1Resolved; // This value will equal "C:\MyBase\Dir1"
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1614616|text|通常，我最终会编写一个带有属性的静态类来访问我的web.config的每个设置。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1614617|public+static+class+ConfigManager+
{
++++public+static+string+MyBaseDir
++++{
++++++++return+ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["MyBaseDir"].toString();
++++}

++++public+static+string+Dir1
++++{
++++++++return+MyBaseDir+%2B+ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["Dir1"].toString();
++++}

}|code-block|syntax|javascript|1614618|通常，在这个类需要的时候，我也会进行类型转换。它允许输入访问您的配置，如果设置更改，您只能在一个地方编辑它们。|1614619|通常，用这个类替换设置相对容易，并且提供了更好的可维护性。|1614620|entityMap^0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|M|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|O|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|J|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|K|3|-4|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|L|$]]

Usally, I end up writing a static class with properties to access each of the settings of my web.config.

<pre><code>public static class ConfigManager 
{
 public static string MyBaseDir
 {
 return ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["MyBaseDir"].toString();
 }

 public static string Dir1
 {
 return MyBaseDir + ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["Dir1"].toString();
 }

}
</code></pre>

Usually, I also do type conversions when required in this class. It allows to have a typed access to your config, and if settings change, you can edit them in only one place.

Usually, replacing settings with this class is relatively easy and provides a much greater maintainability.

blocks|key|1614648|text|我推荐使用Matt+Hamsmith的解决方案。如果它是一个实现的问题，那么为什么不创建一个在AppSettings类的后台实现它的扩展方法呢？|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1614649|类似于：|1614650|++++public+static+string+GetValue(this+NameValueCollection+settings,+string+key)
++++{

++++}|code-block|syntax|javascript|1614651|在该方法中，使用Linq搜索DictionaryInfoConfigSection并返回带有匹配键的值。不过，您需要将配置文件更新为以下内容：|1614652|<appSettings>
++<DirectoryMappings>
++++<DirectoryMap+key="MyBaseDir"+value="C:\MyBase"+/>
++++<DirectoryMap+key="Dir1"+value="[MyBaseDir]\Dir1"/>
++++<DirectoryMap+key="Dir2"+value="[MyBaseDir]\Dir2"/>
++</DirectoryMappings>
</appSettings>|1614653|entityMap^0|0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|O|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|F|7|Q|8|@]|9|@]|A|$G|H]]|$1|I|3|J|5|6|7|R|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|K|3|L|5|F|7|S|8|@]|9|@]|A|$G|H]]|$1|M|3|-4|5|6|7|T|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|N|$]]

I would recommend following Matt Hamsmith's solution. If it's an issue to implement, then why not create an extension method that implements this in the background on the AppSettings class?

Something like:

<pre><code> public static string GetValue(this NameValueCollection settings, string key)
 {

 }
</code></pre>

Inside the method you search through the DictionaryInfoConfigSection using Linq and return the value with the matching key. You'll need to update the config file though, to something along these lines:

<pre><code>&lt;appSettings&gt;
 &lt;DirectoryMappings&gt;
 &lt;DirectoryMap key="MyBaseDir" value="C:\MyBase" /&gt;
 &lt;DirectoryMap key="Dir1" value="[MyBaseDir]\Dir1"/&gt;
 &lt;DirectoryMap key="Dir2" value="[MyBaseDir]\Dir2"/&gt;
 &lt;/DirectoryMappings&gt;
&lt;/appSettings&gt;
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1400036|text|我建议你，DslConfig。使用DslConfig，您可以使用全局配置中的分层配置文件，每个服务器主机配置每个服务器主机上的每个应用程序(请参阅AppSpike)。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|1400037|如果这对您来说太复杂，您可以只使用全局配置Variables.var|1400038|只需在Varibales.var中配置即可|1400039|baseDir+=+"C:\MyBase"
Var["MyBaseDir"]+=+baseDir
Var["Dir1"]+=+baseDir+%2B+"\Dir1"
Var["Dir2"]+=+baseDir+%2B+"\Dir2"|code-block|syntax|javascript|1400040|并使用以下命令获取配置值|1400041|Configuration+config+=+new+DslConfig.BooDslConfiguration()
config.GetVariable<string>("MyBaseDir")
config.GetVariable<string>("Dir1")
config.GetVariable<string>("Dir2")|1400042|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://github.com/johannes-brunner/DslConfig^0|5|9|0|0|0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|Y|8|@]|9|@$A|Z|B|10|1|11]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|12|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|13|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|J|7|14|8|@]|9|@]|C|$K|L]]|$1|M|3|N|5|6|7|15|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|O|3|P|5|J|7|16|8|@]|9|@]|C|$K|L]]|$1|Q|3|-4|5|6|7|17|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|R|$S|$5|T|U|V|C|$W|X]]]]

I would suggest you <a href="https://github.com/johannes-brunner/DslConfig" rel="nofollow">DslConfig</a>. With DslConfig you can use hierarchical config files from Global Config, Config per server host to config per application on each server host (see the AppSpike). 
If this is to complicated for you you can just use the global config Variables.var 
Just configure in Varibales.var

<pre><code>baseDir = "C:\MyBase"
Var["MyBaseDir"] = baseDir
Var["Dir1"] = baseDir + "\Dir1"
Var["Dir2"] = baseDir + "\Dir2"
</code></pre>

And get the config values with

<pre><code>Configuration config = new DslConfig.BooDslConfiguration()
config.GetVariable&lt;string&gt;("MyBaseDir")
config.GetVariable&lt;string&gt;("Dir1")
config.GetVariable&lt;string&gt;("Dir2")
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1400083|text|您可以在app.config中为您所描述的场景使用环境变量|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|1400084|<configuration>
++<appSettings>
++++<add+key="Dir1"+value="%25MyBaseDir%25\Dir1"/>
++</appSettings>
</configuration>|code-block|syntax|javascript|1400085|然后，您可以使用以下命令轻松获取路径：|1400086|var+pathFromConfig+=+ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["Dir1"];
var+expandedPath+=+Environment.ExpandEnvironmentVariables(pathFromConfig);|1400087|entityMap^0|4|A|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|Q|8|@$9|R|A|S|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|T|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|U|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|H|7|V|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|O|3|-4|5|6|7|W|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|P|$]]

You can use environment variables in your <code>app.config</code> for that scenario you describe

<pre><code>&lt;configuration&gt;
 &lt;appSettings&gt;
 &lt;add key="Dir1" value="%MyBaseDir%\Dir1"/&gt;
 &lt;/appSettings&gt;
&lt;/configuration&gt;
</code></pre>

Then you can easily get the path with:

<pre><code>var pathFromConfig = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["Dir1"];
var expandedPath = Environment.ExpandEnvironmentVariables(pathFromConfig);
</code></pre>

Is it is possible to do something like the following in the <code>app.config</code> or <code>web.config</code> files?

<pre><code>&lt;appSettings&gt;
 &lt;add key="MyBaseDir" value="C:\MyBase" /&gt;
 &lt;add key="Dir1" value="[MyBaseDir]\Dir1"/&gt;
 &lt;add key="Dir2" value="[MyBaseDir]\Dir2"/&gt;
&lt;/appSettings&gt;
</code></pre>

I then want to access Dir2 in my code by simply saying:

<pre><code> ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["Dir2"]
</code></pre>

This will help me when I install my application in different servers and locations wherein I will only have to change ONE entry in my entire <code>app.config</code>.
(I know I can manage all the concatenation in code, but I prefer it this way).

Variables within app.config/web.config

Visual Studio

服务器

是否可以在app.config或web.config文件中执行类似以下操作？<appSettings> <add key="MyBaseDir" value="C:\MyBase" /> <add key="Dir1" value="[MyBaseDir]\Dir1"/> <add key="Dir2" value="...

问app.config/web.config中的变量
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