如何在Python中递归地解决目录路径问题？
如何在Python中递归地解决目录路径问题？
提问于 2019-04-05 13:27:27
我正在执行REST API调用来获取SharePoint文档库的文件夹。
我想递归地获取整个目录树中的所有文件夹路径。
我已经写了一个函数来获取给定文件夹中的子文件夹列表，但不确定如何遍历到第N个目录并获取所有文件夹路径。
例如，假设当前的SharePoint文档库结构为以下JSON (fo=folder；f=file)：
{
"root": [
{
"fo1": {
"fo1": "f1",
"fo2": ["f1", "f2"]
},
"fo2": ["fi1", "fi2"]
},
"fi1","fi2"]
}在上面的例子中，我想要一个所有文件夹/目录的路径列表:例如，输出应该是：
["/root/fo1/", "/root/fo1/fo1/", "/root/fo1/fo2/", "/root/fo2/"]因为这是一个REST API调用，所以我事先不知道结构，直到我运行get子文件夹的查询，然后进入每个子文件夹来获取它们各自的子文件夹。
我写的当前(下面)函数是获取数据到下一级(子文件夹，因为它是基于内部迭代而不是递归的)，我如何实现基于递归的解决方案，以列表形式获得所有唯一的文件夹路径？
def print_root_contents(ctx):
try:
list_object = ctx.web.lists.get_by_title('Documents')
folder = list_object.root_folder
ctx.load(folder)
ctx.execute_query()
folders = folder.folders
ctx.load(folders)
ctx.execute_query()
for myfolder in folders:
print("For Folder : {0}".format(myfolder.properties["Name"]))
folder_list, files_list = print_folder_contents(ctx, myfolder.properties["Name"])
print("Sub folders - ", folder_list)
print("Files - ", files_list)
except Exception as e:
print('Problem printing out library contents: ', e)
def print_folder_contents(ctx, folder_name):
try:
folder = ctx.web.get_folder_by_server_relative_url("/sites/abc/Shared Documents/"+folder_name+"/")
ctx.load(folder)
ctx.execute_query()
# Folders
fold_names = []
sub_folders = folder.folders
ctx.load(sub_folders)
ctx.execute_query()
for s_folder in sub_folders:
# folder_name = folder_name+"/"+s_folder.properties["Name"]
# print("Folder name: {0}".format(folder.properties["Name"]))
fold_names.append(s_folder.properties["Name"])
return fold_names
except Exception as e:
print('Problem printing out library contents: ', e)在上面的最后一个函数(print_folder_contents)中，我无法形成递归逻辑来递归地附加文件夹和子文件夹，并在第n个文件夹中没有更多文件夹时停止它，并继续到下一级兄弟文件夹。
发现它真的很有挑战性。有什么帮助吗？
回答 2
Stack Overflow用户
发布于 2019-04-05 14:49:50
您可以使用一个生成器函数来迭代dict项并生成dict键，并生成与递归调用生成的路径连接的键，如果给定一个列表，则递归地生成对列表项的递归调用所生成的内容：
def paths(d):
def _paths(d):
if isinstance(d, dict):
for k, v in d.items():
yield k + '/'
for p in _paths(v):
yield '/'.join((k, p))
elif isinstance(d, list):
for i in d:
yield from _paths(i)
return ['/' + p for p in _paths(d)]所以在给定的情况下：
d = {
"root": [
{
"fo1": {
"fo1": "f1",
"fo2": ["f1", "f2"]
},
"fo2": ["fi1", "fi2"]
},
"fi1","fi2"]
}paths(d)返回：
['/root/', '/root/fo1/', '/root/fo1/fo1/', '/root/fo1/fo2/', '/root/fo2/']请注意，您的预期输出应该包括'/root/'，因为根文件夹也应该是一个有效的文件夹。
Stack Overflow用户
发布于 2020-11-10 18:53:20
我知道这个答案来得太晚了，但是您可以执行类似以下的操作来获得给定某个父目录的所有子SharePoint对象的简单列表。
这之所以有效，是因为我们不断地扩展单个列表，而不是在递归某些目录树时利用list.append()方法创建嵌套对象。
我肯定会有机会改进下面的代码片段，但我相信这应该会帮助你实现你的目标。
干杯,
rs311
from office365.sharepoint.client_context import ClientContext
def get_items_in_directory(ctx_client: ClientContext,
directory_relative_uri: str,
recursive: bool = True):
"""
This function provides a way to get all items in a directory in SharePoint, with
the option to traverse nested directories to extract all child objects.
:param ctx_client: office365.sharepoint.client_context.ClientContext object
SharePoint ClientContext object.
:param directory_relative_uri: str
Path to directory in SharePoint.
:param recursive: bool
default = False
Tells function whether or not to perform a recursive call.
:return: list
Returns a flattened array of all child file and/or folder objects
given some parent directory. All items will be of the following types:
- office365.sharepoint.file.File
- office365.sharepoint.folder.Folder
Examples
---------
All examples assume you've already authenticated with SharePoint per
documentation found here:
- https://github.com/vgrem/Office365-REST-Python-Client#examples
Assumed directory structure:
some_directory/
my_file.csv
your_file.xlsx
sub_directory_one/
123.docx
abc.csv
sub_directory_two/
xyz.xlsx
directory = 'some_directory'
# Non-recursive call
extracted_child_objects = get_items_in_directory(directory)
# extracted_child_objects would contain (my_file.csv, your_file.xlsx, sub_directory_one/, sub_directory_two/)
# Recursive call
extracted_child_objects = get_items_in_directory(directory, recursive=True)
# extracted_child_objects would contain (my_file.csv, your_file.xlsx, sub_directory_one/, sub_directory_two/, sub_directory_one/123.docx, sub_directory_one/abc.csv, sub_directory_two/xyz.xlsx)
"""
contents = list()
folders = ctx_client.web.get_folder_by_server_relative_url(directory_relative_uri).folders
ctx_client.load(folders)
ctx_client.execute_query()
if recursive:
for folder in folders:
contents.extend(
get_items_in_directory(
ctx_client=ctx_client,
directory_relative_uri=folder.properties['ServerRelativeUrl'],
recursive=recursive)
)
contents.extend(folders)
files = ctx_client.web.get_folder_by_server_relative_url(directory_relative_uri).files
ctx_client.load(files)
ctx_client.execute_query()
contents.extend(files)
return contents页面原文内容由Stack Overflow提供。腾讯云小微IT领域专用引擎提供翻译支持
原文链接：
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/55528737
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