blocks|key|1514653|text|“我如何写ruby”有点超出了SO的范围。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1514654|但要将这些ruby脚本转换为可执行脚本，请将以下代码作为ruby脚本的第一行：|1514655|#!/path/to/ruby|code-block|syntax|javascript|1514656|然后将文件设为可执行文件：|1514657|chmod+a%2Bx+myscript.rb|1514658|你就可以走了。|1514659|entityMap^0|0|0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|R|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|F|7|S|8|@]|9|@]|A|$G|H]]|$1|I|3|J|5|6|7|T|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|K|3|L|5|F|7|U|8|@]|9|@]|A|$G|H]]|$1|M|3|N|5|6|7|V|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|O|3|-4|5|6|7|W|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|P|$]]

"How do I write ruby" is a little beyond the scope of SO.

But to turn these ruby scripts into executable scripts, put this as the first line of your ruby script:

<pre><code>#!/path/to/ruby
</code></pre>

Then make the file executable:

<pre><code>chmod a+x myscript.rb
</code></pre>

and away you go.

blocks|key|1514709|text|假设您编写了script.rb脚本。放入：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|1514710|#!/usr/bin/env+ruby|code-block|syntax|javascript|1514711|作为第一行并执行一个chmod+%2Bx+script.rb|1514712|entityMap^0|6|9|0|0|A|I|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|O|8|@$9|P|A|Q|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|R|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|S|8|@$9|T|A|U|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|M|3|-4|5|6|7|V|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|N|$]]

let's say you write your <code>script.rb</code> script. put:

<pre><code>#!/usr/bin/env ruby
</code></pre>

as the first line and do a <code>chmod +x script.rb</code>

blocks|key|1514748|text|将这段代码放在script.rb的开头|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1514749|#!/usr/bin/env+ruby|code-block|syntax|javascript|1514750|然后将其标记为可执行文件：|1514751|chmod+%2Bx+script.rb|1514752|entityMap^0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|M|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|O|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|J|5|D|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|K|3|-4|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|L|$]]

Place this at the beginning of your script.rb

<pre><code>#!/usr/bin/env ruby
</code></pre>

Then mark it as executable:

<pre><code>chmod +x script.rb
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1514835|text|正如其他人已经说过的，你的第一行应该是|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1514836|#!/usr/bin/env+ruby|code-block|syntax|javascript|1514837|您还必须使其可执行：(在shell中)|1514838|chmod+%2Bx+test.rb|1514839|然后遵循拼音代码。如果您打开一个文件|1514840|File.open("file",+"r")+do+%7Cio%7C
++++#+do+something+with+io
end|1514841|该文件将在您在shell中使用pwd获得的当前目录中打开。|offset|length|style|CODE|1514842|脚本的路径也很容易获取。使用$0，您将获得shell的第一个参数，即脚本的相对路径。可以这样确定绝对路径：|1514843|#!/usr/bin/env+ruby
require+'pathname'
p+Pathname.new($0).realpath()|1514844|对于文件系统操作，我几乎总是使用Pathname。这是许多其他文件系统相关类的包装器。也很有用:目录，文件...|1514845|entityMap^0|0|0|0|0|0|0|F|3|0|E|2|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|12|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|13|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|14|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|J|5|D|7|15|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|16|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|D|7|17|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|O|3|P|5|6|7|18|8|@$Q|19|R|1A|S|T]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|U|3|V|5|6|7|1B|8|@$Q|1C|R|1D|S|T]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|W|3|X|5|D|7|1E|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|Y|3|Z|5|6|7|1F|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|10|3|-4|5|6|7|1G|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|11|$]]

As the others have said already, your first line should be

<pre><code>#!/usr/bin/env ruby
</code></pre>

And you also have to make it executable: (in the shell)

<pre><code>chmod +x test.rb
</code></pre>

Then follows the ruby code. If you open a file

<pre><code>File.open("file", "r") do |io|
 # do something with io
end
</code></pre>

the file is opened in the current directory you'd get with <code>pwd</code> in the shell.

The path to your script is also simple to get. With <code>$0</code> you get the first argument of the shell, which is the relative path to your script. The absolute path can be determined like that:

<pre><code>#!/usr/bin/env ruby
require 'pathname'
p Pathname.new($0).realpath()
</code></pre>

For file system operations I almost always use Pathname. This is a wrapper for many of the other file system related classes. Also useful: Dir, File...

blocks|key|1730002|text|在ruby中，常量__FILE__总是会告诉你正在运行的脚本的路径。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|1730003|在Linux上，/usr/bin/env是你的朋友：|1730004|#!+/usr/bin/env+ruby
#+Extension+of+this+script+does+not+matter+as+long
#+as+it+is+executable+(chmod+%2Bx)
puts+File.expand_path(__FILE__)|code-block|syntax|javascript|1730005|在Windows上，这取决于.rb文件是否与ruby相关联。如果它们是：|1730006|#+This+script+filename+must+end+with+.rb
puts+File.expand_path(__FILE__)|1730007|如果它们不是，你必须显式地对它们调用ruby，我使用一个中间的.cmd文件：|1730008|my_script.cmd：|1730009|@ruby+%25~dp0\my_script.rb|1730010|my_script.rb：|1730011|puts+File.expand_path(__FILE__)|1730012|entityMap^0|9|8|0|8|C|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|12|8|@$9|13|A|14|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|15|8|@$9|16|A|17|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|J|7|18|8|@]|D|@]|E|$K|L]]|$1|M|3|N|5|6|7|19|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|O|3|P|5|J|7|1A|8|@]|D|@]|E|$K|L]]|$1|Q|3|R|5|6|7|1B|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|S|3|T|5|6|7|1C|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|U|3|V|5|J|7|1D|8|@]|D|@]|E|$K|L]]|$1|W|3|X|5|6|7|1E|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|Y|3|Z|5|J|7|1F|8|@]|D|@]|E|$K|L]]|$1|10|3|-4|5|6|7|1G|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|11|$]]

In ruby, the constant <code>__FILE__</code> will always give you the path of the script you're running.

On Linux, <code>/usr/bin/env</code> is your friend:

<pre><code>#! /usr/bin/env ruby
# Extension of this script does not matter as long
# as it is executable (chmod +x)
puts File.expand_path(__FILE__)
</code></pre>

On Windows it depends whether or not .rb files are associated with ruby.
If they are:

<pre><code># This script filename must end with .rb
puts File.expand_path(__FILE__)
</code></pre>

If they are not, you have to explicitly invoke ruby on them, I use a intermediate .cmd file:

my_script.cmd:

<pre><code>@ruby %~dp0\my_script.rb
</code></pre>

my_script.rb:

<pre><code>puts File.expand_path(__FILE__)
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1514972|text|去给自己弄一份Everyday+Scripting+with+Ruby吧。它有很多有用的提示，告诉你如何做你想做的事情。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|1514973|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://www.pragprog.com/titles/bmsft/everyday-scripting-with-ruby^0|7|S|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|L|8|@]|9|@$A|M|B|N|1|O]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|E|$F|$5|G|H|I|C|$J|K]]]]

Go get yourself a copy of <a href="http://www.pragprog.com/titles/bmsft/everyday-scripting-with-ruby" rel="noreferrer">Everyday Scripting with Ruby</a>. It has plenty of useful tips on how to do the types of things your are wanting to do.

blocks|key|1730123|text|默认情况下，您已经可以访问Dir和File，它们本身就非常有用。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|1730124|Dir['*.rb']+#basic+globs
Dir['**/*.rb']+#**+==+any+depth+of+directory,+including+current+dir.
#=>+array+of+relative+names

File.expand_path('~/file.txt')+#=>+"/User/mat/file.txt"
File.dirname('dir/file.txt')+#=>+'dir'
File.basename('dir/file.txt')+#=>+'file.txt'
File.join('a',+'bunch',+'of',+'strings')+#=>+'a/bunch/of/strings'

__FILE__+#=>+the+name+of+the+current+file|code-block|syntax|javascript|1730125|来自stdlib的FileUtils也很有用。|1730126|require+'fileutils'+#I+know,+no+underscore+is+not+ruby-like
include+FileUtils
#+Gives+you+access+(without+prepending+by+'FileUtils.')+to
cd(dir,+options)
cd(dir,+options)+{%7Cdir%7C+....+}
pwd()
mkdir(dir,+options)
mkdir(list,+options)
mkdir_p(dir,+options)
mkdir_p(list,+options)
rmdir(dir,+options)
rmdir(list,+options)
ln(old,+new,+options)
ln(list,+destdir,+options)
ln_s(old,+new,+options)
ln_s(list,+destdir,+options)
ln_sf(src,+dest,+options)
cp(src,+dest,+options)
cp(list,+dir,+options)
cp_r(src,+dest,+options)
cp_r(list,+dir,+options)
mv(src,+dest,+options)
mv(list,+dir,+options)
rm(list,+options)
rm_r(list,+options)
rm_rf(list,+options)
install(src,+dest,+mode+=+<src's>,+options)
chmod(mode,+list,+options)
chmod_R(mode,+list,+options)
chown(user,+group,+list,+options)
chown_R(user,+group,+list,+options)
touch(list,+options)|1730127|这是非常好的|1730128|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://www.ruby-doc.org/core/classes/Dir.html|1|http://www.ruby-doc.org/core/classes/File.html|2|http://www.ruby-doc.org/stdlib/libdoc/fileutils/rdoc/index.html^0|D|3|0|H|4|1|0|0|9|9|2|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|10|8|@]|9|@$A|11|B|12|1|13]|$A|14|B|15|1|16]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|F|7|17|8|@]|9|@]|C|$G|H]]|$1|I|3|J|5|6|7|18|8|@]|9|@$A|19|B|1A|1|1B]]|C|$]]|$1|K|3|L|5|F|7|1C|8|@]|9|@]|C|$G|H]]|$1|M|3|N|5|6|7|1D|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|O|3|-4|5|6|7|1E|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|P|$Q|$5|R|S|T|C|$U|V]]|W|$5|R|S|T|C|$U|X]]|Y|$5|R|S|T|C|$U|Z]]]]

By default, you already have access to <a href="http://www.ruby-doc.org/core/classes/Dir.html" rel="noreferrer">Dir</a> and <a href="http://www.ruby-doc.org/core/classes/File.html" rel="noreferrer">File</a>, which are pretty useful by themselves.

<pre><code>Dir['*.rb'] #basic globs
Dir['**/*.rb'] #** == any depth of directory, including current dir.
#=&gt; array of relative names

File.expand_path('~/file.txt') #=&gt; "/User/mat/file.txt"
File.dirname('dir/file.txt') #=&gt; 'dir'
File.basename('dir/file.txt') #=&gt; 'file.txt'
File.join('a', 'bunch', 'of', 'strings') #=&gt; 'a/bunch/of/strings'

__FILE__ #=&gt; the name of the current file
</code></pre>

Also useful from the stdlib is <a href="http://www.ruby-doc.org/stdlib/libdoc/fileutils/rdoc/index.html" rel="noreferrer">FileUtils</a>

<pre><code>require 'fileutils' #I know, no underscore is not ruby-like
include FileUtils
# Gives you access (without prepending by 'FileUtils.') to
cd(dir, options)
cd(dir, options) {|dir| .... }
pwd()
mkdir(dir, options)
mkdir(list, options)
mkdir_p(dir, options)
mkdir_p(list, options)
rmdir(dir, options)
rmdir(list, options)
ln(old, new, options)
ln(list, destdir, options)
ln_s(old, new, options)
ln_s(list, destdir, options)
ln_sf(src, dest, options)
cp(src, dest, options)
cp(list, dir, options)
cp_r(src, dest, options)
cp_r(list, dir, options)
mv(src, dest, options)
mv(list, dir, options)
rm(list, options)
rm_r(list, options)
rm_rf(list, options)
install(src, dest, mode = &lt;src's&gt;, options)
chmod(mode, list, options)
chmod_R(mode, list, options)
chown(user, group, list, options)
chown_R(user, group, list, options)
touch(list, options)
</code></pre>

Which is pretty nice

blocks|key|1730248|text|下面是其他答案中遗漏的重要内容:命令行参数通过ARGV+(global)数组向Ruby+shell脚本公开。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1730249|因此，如果您有一个名为my_shell_script的脚本：|1730250|#!/usr/bin/env+ruby
puts+"I+was+passed:+"
ARGV.each+do+%7Cvalue%7C
++puts+value
end|code-block|syntax|javascript|1730251|...make+it可执行文件(正如其他人所提到的)：|1730252|chmod+u%2Bx+my_shell_script|1730253|并这样称呼它：|1730254|>+./my_shell_script+one+two+three+four+five|1730255|你会得到这样的结果：|1730256|I+was+passed:+
one
two
three
four
five|1730257|这些参数可以很好地处理文件名扩展：|1730258|./my_shell_script+*

I+was+passed:+
a_file_in_the_current_directory
another_file++++
my_shell_script
the_last_file|1730259|其中大部分只适用于UNIX+(Linux、Most+)，但您可以在Windows中执行类似的操作(尽管不太方便)。|1730260|entityMap^0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|12|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|13|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|F|7|14|8|@]|9|@]|A|$G|H]]|$1|I|3|J|5|6|7|15|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|K|3|L|5|F|7|16|8|@]|9|@]|A|$G|H]]|$1|M|3|N|5|6|7|17|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|O|3|P|5|F|7|18|8|@]|9|@]|A|$G|H]]|$1|Q|3|R|5|6|7|19|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|S|3|T|5|F|7|1A|8|@]|9|@]|A|$G|H]]|$1|U|3|V|5|6|7|1B|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|W|3|X|5|F|7|1C|8|@]|9|@]|A|$G|H]]|$1|Y|3|Z|5|6|7|1D|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|10|3|-4|5|6|7|1E|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|11|$]]

Here's something important that's missing from the other answers: the command-line parameters are exposed to your Ruby shell script through the ARGV (global) array.

So, if you had a script called my_shell_script:

<pre><code>#!/usr/bin/env ruby
puts "I was passed: "
ARGV.each do |value|
 puts value
end
</code></pre>

...make it executable (as others have mentioned):

<pre><code>chmod u+x my_shell_script
</code></pre>

And call it like so: 

<pre><code>&gt; ./my_shell_script one two three four five
</code></pre>

You'd get this:

<pre><code>I was passed: 
one
two
three
four
five
</code></pre>

The arguments work nicely with filename expansion:

<pre><code>./my_shell_script *

I was passed: 
a_file_in_the_current_directory
another_file 
my_shell_script
the_last_file
</code></pre>

Most of this only works on UNIX (Linux, Mac OS X), but you can do similar (though less convenient) things in Windows.

blocks|key|1515216|text|webmat的答案是完美的。我只是想给你指出一个附加的东西。如果您必须处理大量脚本的命令行参数，则应该使用optparse。它很简单，而且对你有很大的帮助。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|1515217|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://stackoverflow.com/users/6349/webmat|1|http://ruby-doc.org/stdlib-1.9.3/libdoc/optparse/rdoc/OptionParser.html^0|0|6|0|1H|8|1|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|N|8|@]|9|@$A|O|B|P|1|Q]|$A|R|B|S|1|T]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|U|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|E|$F|$5|G|H|I|C|$J|K]]|L|$5|G|H|I|C|$J|M]]]]

The answer by <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/users/6349/webmat">webmat</a> is perfect. I just want to point you to a addition. If you have to deal a lot with command line parameters for your scripts, you should use <a href="http://ruby-doc.org/stdlib-1.9.3/libdoc/optparse/rdoc/OptionParser.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">optparse</a>. It is simple and helps you tremendously.

blocks|key|1515277|text|当使用Ruby作为shell脚本时，上面的答案非常有趣并且非常有帮助。对我来说，我不使用Ruby作为我的日常语言，我更喜欢使用ruby作为流程控制，并且仍然使用bash来完成任务。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1515278|可以使用一些辅助函数来测试执行结果|1515279|#!/usr/bin/env+ruby
module+ShellHelper
++def+test(command)
++++`#{command}+2>+/dev/null`
++++$?.success?
++end

++def+execute(command,+raise_on_error+=+true)
++++result+=+`#{command}`
++++raise+"execute+command+failed\n"+if+(not+$?.success?)+and+raise_on_error
++++return+$?.success?
++end

++def+print_exit(message)
++++print+"#{message}\n"
++++exit
++end

++module_function+:execute,+:print_exit,+:test
end|code-block|syntax|javascript|1515280|有了helper，ruby脚本可以类似于bash：|1515281|#!/usr/bin/env+ruby
require+'./shell_helper'
include+ShellHelper

print_exit+"config+already+exists"+if+test+"ls+config"

things.each+do+%7Cthing%7C
++next+if+not+test+"ls+#{thing}/config"
++execute+"cp+-fr+#{thing}/config_template+config/#{thing}"
end|1515282|entityMap^0|0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|O|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|F|7|Q|8|@]|9|@]|A|$G|H]]|$1|I|3|J|5|6|7|R|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|K|3|L|5|F|7|S|8|@]|9|@]|A|$G|H]]|$1|M|3|-4|5|6|7|T|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|N|$]]

The above answer are interesting and very helpful when using Ruby as shell script. For me, I does not use Ruby as my daily language and I prefer to use ruby as flow control only and still use bash to do the tasks.

Some helper function can be used for testing execution result

<pre><code>#!/usr/bin/env ruby
module ShellHelper
 def test(command)
 `#{command} 2&gt; /dev/null`
 $?.success?
 end

 def execute(command, raise_on_error = true)
 result = `#{command}`
 raise "execute command failed\n" if (not $?.success?) and raise_on_error
 return $?.success?
 end

 def print_exit(message)
 print "#{message}\n"
 exit
 end

 module_function :execute, :print_exit, :test
end
</code></pre>

With helper, the ruby script could be bash alike:

<pre><code>#!/usr/bin/env ruby
require './shell_helper'
include ShellHelper

print_exit "config already exists" if test "ls config"

things.each do |thing|
 next if not test "ls #{thing}/config"
 execute "cp -fr #{thing}/config_template config/#{thing}"
end
</code></pre>

I have some simple shell scripting tasks that I want to do 

For example: Selecting a file in the working directory from a list of the files matching some regular expression.

I know that I can do this sort of thing using standard bash and grep but I would be nice to be able to hack quick scripts that will work in windows and linux without me having to memorize a heap of command line programs and flags etc.

I tried to get this going but ended up getting confused about where I should be getting information such as a reference to the current directory

So the question is what parts of the Ruby libraries do I need to know to write ruby shell scripts?

How do I use Ruby for shell scripting?

文件系统

Windows

Linux

我有一些简单的shell脚本任务需要完成例如:从与某个正则表达式匹配的文件列表中选择工作目录中的一个文件。我知道我可以使用标准的bash和grep来做这类事情，但是如果我能够快速编写在windows和linux中工作的脚本，而不需要记住一堆命令行程序和标志等等，那就太好了。我试着这样做，但最终弄不清楚我应该从哪里获得信...

问如何使用Ruby编写shell脚本？
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