blocks|key|213507|text|将所有unittest.TestCase子类定义放在一个try...except块中可能有点麻烦，但它可以工作：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|213508|import+unittest
try:
++++import+eggs
++++class+Spam(unittest.TestCase):
++++++++pass
++++class+Ham(unittest.TestCase):
++++++++pass
++++#+...
except+ImportError:
++++#+print+'could+not+import+eggs'
++++pass|code-block|syntax|javascript|213509|如果eggs导入失败并且所有这些类(Spam,+Ham,+etc.)都被跳过，则不会定义任何子类。它不会反映在输出中(好的或不好的取决于你想要什么)。|213510|entityMap^0|3|H|S|C|0|0|2|4|I|F|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|O|8|@$9|P|A|Q|B|C]|$9|R|A|S|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|T|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|U|8|@$9|V|A|W|B|C]|$9|X|A|Y|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|M|3|-4|5|6|7|Z|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|N|$]]

It might be dirty to put all the <code>unittest.TestCase</code> subclass definitions in a <code>try...except</code> block, but it would work:
<pre><code>import unittest
try:
 import eggs
 class Spam(unittest.TestCase):
 pass
 class Ham(unittest.TestCase):
 pass
 # ...
except ImportError:
 # print 'could not import eggs'
 pass
</code></pre>
None of the sub-classes would be defined if the <code>eggs</code> import fails and all those classes (<code>Spam, Ham, etc.</code>) get skipped. It would not be reflected in the output (good or bad depending on what you want).

blocks|key|2856610|text|尝试在模块中定义自定义load_tests函数：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|2856611|import+unittest
try:
++++(testcases)
except+ImportError+as+e:
++++def+load_tests(*args,+**kwargs):
++++++++print("Failed+to+load+tests:+skipping")
++++++++return+unittest.TestSuite()+#+no+tests|code-block|syntax|javascript|2856612|entityMap^0|B|A|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|M|8|@$9|N|A|O|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|P|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|-4|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|L|$]]

Try defining a custom <code>load_tests</code> function in your module:

<pre><code>import unittest
try:
 (testcases)
except ImportError as e:
 def load_tests(*args, **kwargs):
 print("Failed to load tests: skipping")
 return unittest.TestSuite() # no tests
</code></pre>

blocks|key|215646|text|在看了这里的其他答案后，这是我想出的最好的答案。它很丑陋，在异常处理中嵌入了整个测试套件，但它似乎做了您想做的事情。特别是当导入不起作用时跳过测试。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|215647|假设您正在讨论使用nosetests+-x来运行测试，它应该跳过跳过的测试，至少在我尝试它的时候是这样的。|215648|import+unittest
try:
++++import+PyQt4
++++#+the+rest+of+the+imports


++++#+actual+tests+go+here.
++++class+TestDataEntryMixin(unittest.TestCase):
++++++++def+test_somefeature(self):
++++++++++++#+....

except+ImportError,+e:
++++if+e.message.find('PyQt4')+>=+0:
++++++++class+TestMissingDependency(unittest.TestCase):

++++++++++++@unittest.skip('Missing+dependency+-+'+%2B+e.message)
++++++++++++def+test_fail():
++++++++++++++++pass
++++else:
++++++++raise

if+__name__+==+'__main__':
++++unittest.main()|code-block|syntax|javascript|215649|如果导入失败，它将用简单跳过的单个测试替换测试运行。我还试图确保它不会无意中吞噬任何异常。这个解决方案在很大程度上归功于对这个问题的所有其他答案和评论。|215650|如果您在详细模式下运行它，当它跳过时，您将看到以下内容，|215651|test_fail+(test_openihm_gui_interface_mixins.TestMissingDependency)+...+skipped+'Missing+dependency+-+No+module+named+PyQt4'|215652|entityMap^0|0|0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|R|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|F|7|S|8|@]|9|@]|A|$G|H]]|$1|I|3|J|5|6|7|T|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|U|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|F|7|V|8|@]|9|@]|A|$G|H]]|$1|O|3|-4|5|6|7|W|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|P|$]]

After looking at the other answers here, this is the best answer I've come up with. It's ugly, embedding the whole test suite in the exception handling, but it appears to do what you want. Specifically skipping the tests when the imports don't work. 

Assuming you're talking about using nosetests -x for running the tests it should carry on past the tests that skip, at least it appeared to when I tried it.

<pre><code>import unittest
try:
 import PyQt4
 # the rest of the imports


 # actual tests go here.
 class TestDataEntryMixin(unittest.TestCase):
 def test_somefeature(self):
 # ....

except ImportError, e:
 if e.message.find('PyQt4') &gt;= 0:
 class TestMissingDependency(unittest.TestCase):

 @unittest.skip('Missing dependency - ' + e.message)
 def test_fail():
 pass
 else:
 raise

if __name__ == '__main__':
 unittest.main()
</code></pre>

If the import fails it replaces the test run with a single test that simply skips. I've also attempted to make sure that it doesn't swallow any exceptions unintentionally. This solution owes a lot to all the other answers and comments to the question.

If you run it in verbose mode you will see this when it skips,

<pre><code>test_fail (test_openihm_gui_interface_mixins.TestMissingDependency) ... skipped 'Missing dependency - No module named PyQt4'
</code></pre>

blocks|key|213882|text|我发现在setUp中使用skipTest效果很好。如果你需要导入一个模块，你可以使用一个try块来设置，例如module_failed+=+True，如果设置了的话，在setUp中调用skipTest。这将报告正确的测试跳过次数，只需要一个很短的try块：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|213883|import+unittest

try:
++++import+my_module
++++module_failed+=+False
except+ImportError:
++++module_failed+=+True

class+MyTests(unittest.TestCase):
++++def+setUp(self):
++++++++if+module_failed:
++++++++++++self.skipTest('module+not+tested')

++++def+test_something(self):
++++++++++++#...|code-block|syntax|javascript|213884|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

I found that using skipTest in setUp worked well. If you need a module imported, you use a try block to set e.g. module_failed = True, and in setUp call skipTest if it's set. This reports the correct number of test skips with only a short try block needed:

<pre><code>import unittest

try:
 import my_module
 module_failed = False
except ImportError:
 module_failed = True

class MyTests(unittest.TestCase):
 def setUp(self):
 if module_failed:
 self.skipTest('module not tested')

 def test_something(self):
 #...
</code></pre>

blocks|key|2856722|text|在我看来，The+solution+proposed+by+otus比公认的解决方案更有效，也更容易。但至少有一个缺点。如果您在装饰器中查询my_module以跳过单个测试，例如|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|2856723|@unittest.skipIf(my_module.support_foo,+'foo+not+supported')
def+test_foo(self):
...|code-block|syntax|javascript|2856724|您将获得一个NameError:+name+'my_module'+is+not+defined。解决方案是将跳过放在函数定义中：|2856725|def+test_foo(self):
++++if+not+my_module.support_foo:
++++++++self.skipTest('foo+not+supported')|2856726|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://stackoverflow.com/questions/12487532/how-do-i-skip-a-whole-python-unittest-module-at-run-time/23536853#23536853^0|1Y|9|5|T|0|0|0|6|16|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|W|8|@$9|X|A|Y|B|C]]|D|@$9|Z|A|10|1|11]]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|12|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|13|8|@$9|14|A|15|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|H|7|16|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|O|3|-4|5|6|7|17|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|P|$Q|$5|R|S|T|E|$U|V]]]]

<a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/12487532/how-do-i-skip-a-whole-python-unittest-module-at-run-time/23536853#23536853">The solution proposed by otus</a> works and is easier than the accepted solution in my opinion. But there is at least one downside. If you query <code>my_module</code> in a decorator to skip a single test such as
<pre><code>@unittest.skipIf(my_module.support_foo, 'foo not supported')
def test_foo(self):
...
</code></pre>
you will get a <code>NameError: name 'my_module' is not defined</code>. The solution is put the skip inside the function definition:
<pre><code>def test_foo(self):
 if not my_module.support_foo:
 self.skipTest('foo not supported')
</code></pre>

blocks|key|213897|text|结合上面提到的答案并使用this+answer|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|213898|import+unittest
def+module_exists(module_name):
++++try:
++++++++__import__(module_name)
++++except+ImportError:
++++++++return+False
++++else:
++++++++return+True

class+TestClass(unittest.TestCase):

++++@unittest.skipUnless(module_exists("moduleA"),+'ModuleA+not+installed')
++++def+test_something(self):
++++++++#+test+something+with+moduleA|code-block|syntax|javascript|213899|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5847934/how-to-check-if-python-module-exists-and-can-be-imported^0|C|B|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|9|@$A|R|B|S|1|T]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|F|7|U|8|@]|9|@]|C|$G|H]]|$1|I|3|-4|5|6|7|V|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|J|$K|$5|L|M|N|C|$O|P]]]]

Combining the mentioned answers and using <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5847934/how-to-check-if-python-module-exists-and-can-be-imported">this answer</a>:

<pre><code>import unittest
def module_exists(module_name):
 try:
 __import__(module_name)
 except ImportError:
 return False
 else:
 return True

class TestClass(unittest.TestCase):

 @unittest.skipUnless(module_exists("moduleA"), 'ModuleA not installed')
 def test_something(self):
 # test something with moduleA
</code></pre>

blocks|key|3070118|text|对于Python 2.7%2B+(或使用unittest2后端口)：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|3070119|...

import+unittest

def+setUpModule():
++++try:
++++++++import+something
++++except+ImportError+as+err:
++++++++raise+unittest.SkipTest(str(err))

class+Tests(unittest.TestCase):
++++@classmethod
++++def+setUpClass(cls):
++++++++try:
++++++++++++import+something
++++++++except+ImportError+as+err:
++++++++++++raise+unittest.SkipTest(str(err))
...|code-block|syntax|javascript|3070120|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

For Python 2.7+ (or using the unittest2 backport):
<pre><code>...

import unittest

def setUpModule():
 try:
 import something
 except ImportError as err:
 raise unittest.SkipTest(str(err))

class Tests(unittest.TestCase):
 @classmethod
 def setUpClass(cls):
 try:
 import something
 except ImportError as err:
 raise unittest.SkipTest(str(err))
...
</code></pre>

blocks|key|213901|text|@unittest.skip('comments_for_skipping_unit_tests')
class+MyTests(unittest.TestCase):
def+setUp(self):
++++pass

def+test_something(self):|type|code-block|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|syntax|javascript|213902|您可以使用@unittest.skip装饰器跳过整个单元测试类。|unstyled|213903|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$B|C]]|$1|D|3|E|5|F|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|F|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

<pre><code>@unittest.skip('comments_for_skipping_unit_tests')
class MyTests(unittest.TestCase):
def setUp(self):
 pass

def test_something(self):
</code></pre>
You can skip the whole unit test class by using the @unittest.skip decorator.

blocks|key|215717|text|您可以跳过整个类，就像跳过单个方法一样。Documentation|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|215718|@unittest.skip("showing+class+skipping")
class+MySkippedTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
++++def+test_not_run(self):
++++++++pass|code-block|syntax|javascript|215719|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://docs.python.org/dev/library/unittest.html#skipping-tests-and-expected-failures^0|K|D|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|9|@$A|R|B|S|1|T]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|F|7|U|8|@]|9|@]|C|$G|H]]|$1|I|3|-4|5|6|7|V|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|J|$K|$5|L|M|N|C|$O|P]]]]

You can skip the whole class just like skipping individual methods. <a href="https://docs.python.org/dev/library/unittest.html#skipping-tests-and-expected-failures" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Documentation</a>
<pre><code>@unittest.skip(&quot;showing class skipping&quot;)
class MySkippedTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 def test_not_run(self):
 pass
</code></pre>

blocks|key|215747|text|所以这个问题已经有近十年的历史了，而且仍然适用！然而，其他答案都没有解决我今天遇到的问题--测试中的装饰者来自于缺失的库。在这种情况下，它是hypothesis和它的装饰器，如@given...因此，我被迫提出了一个不太友好的选择：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|215748|try:
++++from+hypothesis+import+assume,+example,+given,+strategies+as+st
++++hypothesis_missing+=+False
except+ImportError:
++++hypothesis_missing+=+True
++++def+whatever(*args,+**kwargs):
++++++++if+args+or+kwargs:
++++++++++++return+whatever
++++++++raise+ImportError("Requires+hypothesis+library")
++++example+=+given+=+whatever
++++#+Then+this+part+is+ickier+to+be+py2.7+compatible
++++from+six+import+add_move,+MovedModule
++++add_move(MoveModule('mock',+'mock',+'unittest.mock'))
++++from+six.moves+import+mock
++++st+=+mock.Mock()++#+Without+this,+things+like+st.integers()+fail|code-block|syntax|javascript|215749|Python3原生解决方案只会让它变得更紧一点：|215750|++import+unittest
++st+=+unittest.mock.Mock()|215751|然后在我需要的每个测试类(ugh)上：|215752|@unittest.skipIf(hypothesis_missing,+"Requires+hypothesis+library")|215753|重要提示：没有skipIf，测试有时会静默地通过-在我非常有限的测试中，raise+ImportError在whatever()中只捕获了大约一半。|BOLD|215754|entityMap^0|1Y|A|2G|6|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|5|J|5|7|6|10|H|1I|A|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|X|8|@$9|Y|A|Z|B|C]|$9|10|A|11|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|12|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|13|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|H|7|14|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|O|3|P|5|6|7|15|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|Q|3|R|5|H|7|16|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|S|3|T|5|6|7|17|8|@$9|18|A|19|B|U]|$9|1A|A|1B|B|U]|$9|1C|A|1D|B|C]|$9|1E|A|1F|B|C]|$9|1G|A|1H|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|V|3|-4|5|6|7|1I|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|W|$]]

So this question is nearly a decade old, and still applicable! However, none of the other answers addressed the problem I was having today - decorators on the tests coming from the missing library. In this case, it was <code>hypothesis</code> and its decorators like <code>@given</code>... So I was forced to whip up this less-than-friendly alternative:
<pre><code>try:
 from hypothesis import assume, example, given, strategies as st
 hypothesis_missing = False
except ImportError:
 hypothesis_missing = True
 def whatever(*args, **kwargs):
 if args or kwargs:
 return whatever
 raise ImportError(&quot;Requires hypothesis library&quot;)
 example = given = whatever
 # Then this part is ickier to be py2.7 compatible
 from six import add_move, MovedModule
 add_move(MoveModule('mock', 'mock', 'unittest.mock'))
 from six.moves import mock
 st = mock.Mock() # Without this, things like st.integers() fail
</code></pre>
A Python3-native solution would just tighten it up a little:
<pre><code> import unittest
 st = unittest.mock.Mock()
</code></pre>
Then on each testing class (ugh) I needed:
<pre><code>@unittest.skipIf(hypothesis_missing, &quot;Requires hypothesis library&quot;)
</code></pre>
IMPORTANT NOTE: Without the <code>skipIf</code>, the tests will sometimes silently pass - the <code>raise ImportError</code> in <code>whatever()</code> only caught about half of them in my very limited testing.

I would like my Python unittest module to tell the test runner to skip it entirety under some situations (such as being unable to import a module or locate a critical resource).
I can use <code>@unittest.skipIf(...)</code> to skip a unittest.TestCase class, but how do I skip the entire module? Applying skips to every class is not sufficient because the class definitions themselves could cause exceptions if a module fails to import.

How do I skip a whole Python 'unittest' module at run time?

单元测试

Python

我希望我的Python unittest模块告诉测试运行者在某些情况下完全跳过它(例如无法导入模块或定位关键资源)。我可以使用@unittest.skipIf(...)跳过unittest.TestCase类，但是如何跳过整个模块呢？将跳过应用于每个类是不够的，因为如果模块导入失败，类定义本身可能会导致异常。

问如何在运行时跳过整个Python 'unittest‘模块？
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