blocks|key|455586|text|help('modules')应该为你做这件事。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|455587|在IPython中：|455588|In+[1]:+import++++++++++++++++++++++#import+press-TAB
Display+all+631+possibilities?+(y+or+n)
ANSI+++++++++++++++++++audiodev+++++++++++++++markupbase
AptUrl+++++++++++++++++audioop++++++++++++++++markupsafe
ArgImagePlugin+++++++++avahi++++++++++++++++++marshal
BaseHTTPServer+++++++++axi++++++++++++++++++++math
Bastion++++++++++++++++base64+++++++++++++++++md5
BdfFontFile++++++++++++bdb++++++++++++++++++++mhlib
BmpImagePlugin+++++++++binascii+++++++++++++++mimetools
BufrStubImagePlugin++++binhex+++++++++++++++++mimetypes
CDDB+++++++++++++++++++bisect+++++++++++++++++mimify
CDROM++++++++++++++++++bonobo+++++++++++++++++mmap
CGIHTTPServer++++++++++brlapi+++++++++++++++++mmkeys
Canvas+++++++++++++++++bsddb++++++++++++++++++modulefinder
CommandNotFound++++++++butterfly++++++++++++++multifile
ConfigParser+++++++++++bz2++++++++++++++++++++multiprocessing
ContainerIO++++++++++++cPickle++++++++++++++++musicbrainz2
Cookie+++++++++++++++++cProfile+++++++++++++++mutagen
Crypto+++++++++++++++++cStringIO++++++++++++++mutex
CurImagePlugin+++++++++cairo++++++++++++++++++mx
DLFCN++++++++++++++++++calendar+++++++++++++++netrc
DcxImagePlugin+++++++++cdrom++++++++++++++++++new
Dialog+++++++++++++++++cgi++++++++++++++++++++nis
DiscID+++++++++++++++++cgitb++++++++++++++++++nntplib
DistUpgrade++++++++++++checkbox+++++++++++++++ntpath|code-block|syntax|javascript|455589|entityMap^0|0|F|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|O|8|@$9|P|A|Q|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|R|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|J|7|S|8|@]|D|@]|E|$K|L]]|$1|M|3|-4|5|6|7|T|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|N|$]]

<code>help('modules')</code> should do it for you.

in IPython :

<pre><code>In [1]: import #import press-TAB
Display all 631 possibilities? (y or n)
ANSI audiodev markupbase
AptUrl audioop markupsafe
ArgImagePlugin avahi marshal
BaseHTTPServer axi math
Bastion base64 md5
BdfFontFile bdb mhlib
BmpImagePlugin binascii mimetools
BufrStubImagePlugin binhex mimetypes
CDDB bisect mimify
CDROM bonobo mmap
CGIHTTPServer brlapi mmkeys
Canvas bsddb modulefinder
CommandNotFound butterfly multifile
ConfigParser bz2 multiprocessing
ContainerIO cPickle musicbrainz2
Cookie cProfile mutagen
Crypto cStringIO mutex
CurImagePlugin cairo mx
DLFCN calendar netrc
DcxImagePlugin cdrom new
Dialog cgi nis
DiscID cgitb nntplib
DistUpgrade checkbox ntpath
</code></pre>

blocks|key|455660|text|是!您应该使用pip作为python包管理器(+http://pypi.python.org/pypi/pip+)。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|455661|使用pip安装的包，您可以执行|455662|pip+freeze|code-block|syntax|javascript|455663|它将列出所有已安装的软件包。您可能还应该使用virtualenv和virtualenvwrapper。当您开始一个新项目时，您可以这样做|455664|mkvirtualenv+my_new_project|455665|然后(在该virtualenv中)，执行|455666|pip+install+all_your_stuff|455667|这样，您可以依次使用workon+my_new_project和pip+freeze来查看为该virtualenv/项目安装了哪些包。|style|CODE|455668|例如：|455669|➜++~++mkvirtualenv+yo_dude
New+python+executable+in+yo_dude/bin/python
Installing+setuptools............done.
Installing+pip...............done.
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts+creating+/Users/aaylward/dev/virtualenvs/yo_dude/bin/predeactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts+creating+/Users/aaylward/dev/virtualenvs/yo_dude/bin/postdeactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts+creating+/Users/aaylward/dev/virtualenvs/yo_dude/bin/preactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts+creating+/Users/aaylward/dev/virtualenvs/yo_dude/bin/postactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts+creating+/Users/aaylward/dev/virtualenvs/yo_dude/bin/get_env_details

(yo_dude)➜++~++pip+install+django
Downloading/unpacking+django
++Downloading+Django-1.4.1.tar.gz+(7.7Mb):+7.7Mb+downloaded
++Running+setup.py+egg_info+for+package+django

Installing+collected+packages:+django
++Running+setup.py+install+for+django
++++changing+mode+of+build/scripts-2.7/django-admin.py+from+644+to+755

++++changing+mode+of+/Users/aaylward/dev/virtualenvs/yo_dude/bin/django-admin.py+to+755
Successfully+installed+django
Cleaning+up...

(yo_dude)➜++~++pip+freeze
Django==1.4.1
wsgiref==0.1.2

(yo_dude)➜++~++|455670|或者，如果你有一个包含requirements.pip文件的python包，|455671|mkvirtualenv+my_awesome_project
pip+install+-r+requirements.pip
pip+freeze|455672|会起到作用的|455673|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://pypi.python.org/pypi/pip|1|http://pypi.python.org/pypi/virtualenv|2|http://pypi.python.org/pypi/virtualenvwrapper^0|O|V|0|0|0|0|M|A|1|X|H|2|0|0|0|0|A|L|W|A|0|0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|1I|8|@]|9|@$A|1J|B|1K|1|1L]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|1M|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|1N|8|@]|9|@]|C|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|1O|8|@]|9|@$A|1P|B|1Q|1|1R]|$A|1S|B|1T|1|1U]]|C|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|H|7|1V|8|@]|9|@]|C|$I|J]]|$1|O|3|P|5|6|7|1W|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|Q|3|R|5|H|7|1X|8|@]|9|@]|C|$I|J]]|$1|S|3|T|5|6|7|1Y|8|@$A|1Z|B|20|U|V]|$A|21|B|22|U|V]]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|W|3|X|5|6|7|23|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|Y|3|Z|5|H|7|24|8|@]|9|@]|C|$I|J]]|$1|10|3|11|5|6|7|25|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|12|3|13|5|H|7|26|8|@]|9|@]|C|$I|J]]|$1|14|3|15|5|6|7|27|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|16|3|-4|5|6|7|28|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|17|$18|$5|19|1A|1B|C|$1C|1D]]|1E|$5|19|1A|1B|C|$1C|1F]]|1G|$5|19|1A|1B|C|$1C|1H]]]]

yes! you should be using pip as your python package manager ( <a href="http://pypi.python.org/pypi/pip" rel="nofollow">http://pypi.python.org/pypi/pip</a> )

with pip installed packages, you can do a 

<pre><code>pip freeze
</code></pre>

and it will list all installed packages. You should probably also be using <a href="http://pypi.python.org/pypi/virtualenv" rel="nofollow">virtualenv</a> and <a href="http://pypi.python.org/pypi/virtualenvwrapper" rel="nofollow">virtualenvwrapper</a>. When you start a new project, you can do 

<pre><code>mkvirtualenv my_new_project
</code></pre>

and then (inside that virtualenv), do

<pre><code>pip install all_your_stuff
</code></pre>

This way, you can <code>workon my_new_project</code> and then <code>pip freeze</code> to see which packages are installed for that virtualenv/project. 

for example:

<pre><code>➜ ~ mkvirtualenv yo_dude
New python executable in yo_dude/bin/python
Installing setuptools............done.
Installing pip...............done.
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /Users/aaylward/dev/virtualenvs/yo_dude/bin/predeactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /Users/aaylward/dev/virtualenvs/yo_dude/bin/postdeactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /Users/aaylward/dev/virtualenvs/yo_dude/bin/preactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /Users/aaylward/dev/virtualenvs/yo_dude/bin/postactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /Users/aaylward/dev/virtualenvs/yo_dude/bin/get_env_details

(yo_dude)➜ ~ pip install django
Downloading/unpacking django
 Downloading Django-1.4.1.tar.gz (7.7Mb): 7.7Mb downloaded
 Running setup.py egg_info for package django

Installing collected packages: django
 Running setup.py install for django
 changing mode of build/scripts-2.7/django-admin.py from 644 to 755

 changing mode of /Users/aaylward/dev/virtualenvs/yo_dude/bin/django-admin.py to 755
Successfully installed django
Cleaning up...

(yo_dude)➜ ~ pip freeze
Django==1.4.1
wsgiref==0.1.2

(yo_dude)➜ ~ 
</code></pre>

or if you have a python package with a requirements.pip file,

<pre><code>mkvirtualenv my_awesome_project
pip install -r requirements.pip
pip freeze
</code></pre>

will do the trick

blocks|key|455738|text|如果您想获取有关已安装的python发行版的信息，并且不想使用cmd控制台或终端，而是通过python代码获取信息，则可以使用以下代码(使用python+3.4进行了测试)：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|455739|import+pip+#needed+to+use+the+pip+functions
for+i+in+pip.get_installed_distributions(local_only=True):
++++print(i)|code-block|syntax|javascript|455740|pip.get_installed_distributions(local_only=True)函数调用返回一个迭代器，由于使用了for循环和print函数，包含在迭代器中的元素被换行符(\n)隔开。结果(取决于您安装的发行版)如下所示：|offset|length|style|CODE|455741|cycler+0.9.0
decorator+4.0.4
ipykernel+4.1.0
ipython+4.0.0
ipython-genutils+0.1.0
ipywidgets+4.0.3
Jinja2+2.8
jsonschema+2.5.1
jupyter+1.0.0
jupyter-client+4.1.1
#...+and+so+on...|455742|entityMap^0|0|0|0|1C|2M|2|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|R|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|S|8|@$I|T|J|U|K|L]|$I|V|J|W|K|L]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|D|7|X|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|O|3|-4|5|6|7|Y|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|P|$]]

If you want to get information about your installed python distributions and don't want to use your cmd console or terminal for it, but rather through python code, you can use the following code (tested with python 3.4):

<pre><code>import pip #needed to use the pip functions
for i in pip.get_installed_distributions(local_only=True):
 print(i)
</code></pre>

The <code>pip.get_installed_distributions(local_only=True)</code> function-call returns an iterable and because of the for-loop and the print function the elements contained in the iterable are printed out separated by new line characters (<code>\n</code>).
The result will (depending on your installed distributions) look something like this:

<pre><code>cycler 0.9.0
decorator 4.0.4
ipykernel 4.1.0
ipython 4.0.0
ipython-genutils 0.1.0
ipywidgets 4.0.3
Jinja2 2.8
jsonschema 2.5.1
jupyter 1.0.0
jupyter-client 4.1.1
#... and so on...
</code></pre>

blocks|key|238638|text|从命令行|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|238639|python+-c+help('modules')|code-block|syntax|javascript|238640|可用于查看所有模块，并可用于特定模块|238641|python+-c+help('os')|238642|对于Linux，下面的代码将有效|238643|python+-c+"help('os')"|238644|entityMap^0|0|0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|R|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|S|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|J|5|D|7|T|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|U|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|D|7|V|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|O|3|-4|5|6|7|W|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|P|$]]

from command line 

<pre><code>python -c help('modules')
</code></pre>

can be used to view all modules, and for specific modules

<pre><code>python -c help('os')
</code></pre>

For Linux below will work

<pre><code>python -c "help('os')"
</code></pre>

blocks|key|238687|text|如果您使用的是anaconda：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|238688|conda+list|code-block|syntax|javascript|238689|我会做到的！请参阅：https://conda.io/docs/_downloads/conda-cheatsheet.pdf|offset|length|238690|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://conda.io/docs/_downloads/conda-cheatsheet.pdf^0|0|0|A|1H|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|S|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|T|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|U|8|@]|9|@$I|V|J|W|1|X]]|A|$]]|$1|K|3|-4|5|6|7|Y|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|L|$M|$5|N|O|P|A|$Q|R]]]]

If you're using anaconda:

<pre><code>conda list
</code></pre>

will do it! See: <a href="https://conda.io/docs/_downloads/conda-cheatsheet.pdf" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://conda.io/docs/_downloads/conda-cheatsheet.pdf</a>

blocks|key|238717|text|要在更高版本的pip+(在pip==10.0.1上测试)中运行此命令，请使用以下命令：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|238718|from+pip._internal.operations.freeze+import+freeze
for+requirement+in+freeze(local_only=True):
++++print(requirement)|code-block|syntax|javascript|238719|entityMap^0|D|B|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|M|8|@$9|N|A|O|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|P|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|-4|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|L|$]]

To run this in later versions of pip (tested on <code>pip==10.0.1</code>) use the following:

<pre><code>from pip._internal.operations.freeze import freeze
for requirement in freeze(local_only=True):
 print(requirement)
</code></pre>

blocks|key|238774|text|我的观点是：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|238775|#!/usr/bin/env+python3

import+pkg_resources

dists+=+[str(d).replace("+","==")+for+d+in+pkg_resources.working_set]
for+i+in+dists:
++++print(i)|code-block|syntax|javascript|238776|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

My take:

<pre><code>#!/usr/bin/env python3

import pkg_resources

dists = [str(d).replace(" ","==") for d in pkg_resources.working_set]
for i in dists:
 print(i)
</code></pre>

blocks|key|455911|text|如果需要从python内部运行，可以只调用子流程。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|455912|from+subprocess+import+PIPE,+Popen

pip_process+=+Popen(["pip+freeze"],+stdout=PIPE,
+++++++++++++++++++stderr=PIPE,+shell=True)
stdout,+stderr+=+pip_process.communicate()
print(stdout.decode("utf-8"))|code-block|syntax|javascript|455913|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

If this is needed to run from within python you can just invoke subprocess 

<pre><code>from subprocess import PIPE, Popen

pip_process = Popen(["pip freeze"], stdout=PIPE,
 stderr=PIPE, shell=True)
stdout, stderr = pip_process.communicate()
print(stdout.decode("utf-8"))
</code></pre>

blocks|key|455955|text|为了使用代码，例如检查Hackerrank等中的哪些模块：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|455956|import+os
os.system("pip+list")|code-block|syntax|javascript|455957|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

for using code, for example to check what modules in Hackerrank etc :
<pre><code>import os
os.system(&quot;pip list&quot;)
</code></pre>

Is there a way in Python to list all installed packages and their versions?

I know I can go inside <code>python/Lib/site-packages</code> and see what files and directories exist, but I find this very awkward. What I'm looking for something that is similar to <code>npm list</code> i.e. <a href="https://docs.npmjs.com/cli/ls" rel="noreferrer">npm-ls</a>.

How to list all installed packages and their versions in Python?

包管理器

Django

Python

Linux

在Python中有没有一种方法可以列出所有已安装的软件包及其版本？我知道我可以进入python/Lib/site-packages并查看存在哪些文件和目录，但我发现这非常尴尬。我正在寻找的是类似于npm list的东西，即。

问如何在Python中列出所有已安装的软件包及其版本？
EN

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