blocks|key|99685|text|在Mac上，我发现在“全新”安装中没有用户库，软件包都安装在特定版本的系统库中。最终，将创建一个用户库(可能是意外创建的，也可能是通过RStudio提示符创建的)，并将其设置为将来安装包时的默认位置。因此，如果您没有密切关注，最终会得到一些安装在系统库中的包和一些安装在用户库中的包。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|99686|首先列出用户库，然后列出系统库：|99687|.libPaths()
>+[1]+"/Users/<username>/Library/R/3.6/library"+++++++++++++++++++++++++
>+[2]+"/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/3.6/Resources/library"|code-block|syntax|javascript|99688|我喜欢把所有东西都放在一个地方(系统库)，所以为了(永久地)实现这一点，我执行以下操作：|99689|在终端窗口中，在用户目录中创建一个.Rprofile文件：|offset|length|style|CODE|99690|nano+~/.Rprofile|99691|在该文件中，添加以下R代码行：|99692|.libPaths(+c(.libPaths()[2],+.libPaths()[1])+)|99693|或者，添加类似的R代码行，但具有硬编码路径：|99694|.libPaths(+c("/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/3.6/Resources/library",+"/Users/<username>/Library/R/3.6/library")+)|99695|将<username>替换为您的实际用户名。然后Ctrl-O+(保存)和Ctrl-X+(退出)该文件。|99696|每一行都会切换上面列出的路径的顺序，因此路径[2]+(system)是第一个(默认)，路径[1]+(user)是第二个。|99697|重要的是，通过将这行代码放到用户的.Rprofile中，它将在R每次启动时运行，您(希望)不必再担心这一点。|99698|entityMap^0|0|0|0|0|H|9|0|0|0|0|0|0|1|A|O|6|10|6|0|M|3|19|3|0|H|9|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|18|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|19|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|F|7|1A|8|@]|9|@]|A|$G|H]]|$1|I|3|J|5|6|7|1B|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|1C|8|@$M|1D|N|1E|O|P]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|Q|3|R|5|F|7|1F|8|@]|9|@]|A|$G|H]]|$1|S|3|T|5|6|7|1G|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|U|3|V|5|F|7|1H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$G|H]]|$1|W|3|X|5|6|7|1I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|Y|3|Z|5|F|7|1J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$G|H]]|$1|10|3|11|5|6|7|1K|8|@$M|1L|N|1M|O|P]|$M|1N|N|1O|O|P]|$M|1P|N|1Q|O|P]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|12|3|13|5|6|7|1R|8|@$M|1S|N|1T|O|P]|$M|1U|N|1V|O|P]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|14|3|15|5|6|7|1W|8|@$M|1X|N|1Y|O|P]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|16|3|-4|5|6|7|1Z|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|17|$]]

On Mac, I find that in a 'fresh' installation there is no user library and packages are all installed in the version-specific system library. Eventually, a user library is created (possibly accidentally or via an RStudio prompt) and is set to the default location for future package installations. So, if you're not paying close attention you end up with some packages installed in the system library and some in the user library. 

The user library is listed first and the system library is listed second: 

<pre class="lang-r prettyprint-override"><code>.libPaths()
&gt; [1] "/Users/&lt;username&gt;/Library/R/3.6/library" 
&gt; [2] "/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/3.6/Resources/library"
</code></pre>

I like to keep everything in one place (the system library), so to accomplish this (permanently) I do the following:

In a Terminal window, create a <code>.Rprofile</code> file in your user directory:

<pre><code>nano ~/.Rprofile
</code></pre>

In that file, add the following line of R code: 

<pre class="lang-r prettyprint-override"><code>.libPaths( c(.libPaths()[2], .libPaths()[1]) )
</code></pre>

Alternatively, add a similar line of R code but with hardcoded paths: 

<pre class="lang-r prettyprint-override"><code>.libPaths( c("/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/3.6/Resources/library", "/Users/&lt;username&gt;/Library/R/3.6/library") )
</code></pre>

Replace <code>&lt;username&gt;</code> with your actual username. Then <code>Ctrl-O</code> (save) and <code>Ctrl-X</code> (exit) that file.

Either line switches the order of the paths listed above, so that path <code>[2]</code> (system) is first (Default) and path <code>[1]</code> (user) is second. 

Importantly, by putting this line of code in your user's <code>.Rprofile</code> it will be run every time R starts and you (hopefully) won't have to worry about this again.

blocks|key|4606133|text|在R安装文件夹中找到Rprofile文件(没有点|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|4606134|find+-name+Rprofile

#Getting+something+like:
#lib/R/library/base/R/Rprofile|code-block|syntax|javascript|4606135|打开文件并搜索：|4606136|invisible(.libPaths(c(unlist(strsplit(Sys.getenv("R_LIBS"),+":")),
++++++++++++++++++++++unlist(strsplit(Sys.getenv("R_LIBS_USER"),+":")+)
++++++++++++++++++++++)))|4606137|注释其他路径并添加所需路径|4606138|invisible(.libPaths(c(#unlist(strsplit(Sys.getenv("R_LIBS"),+":")),
++++++++++++++++++++++#unlist(strsplit(Sys.getenv("R_LIBS_USER"),+":")+)
++++++++++++++++++++++"/home/users/username/R/4.0.1/lib/R/library"+#+desired+path
++++++++++++++++++++++)))|4606139|这也很有用：(对于.bashrc文件)|4606140|export+R_LIBS='/home/users/username/R/4.0.1/lib/R/library'
export+R_LIBS_USER='/home/users/username/R/4.0.1/lib/R/library'|4606141|entityMap^0|A|8|0|0|0|0|0|0|9|7|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|Y|8|@$9|Z|A|10|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|11|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|12|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|H|7|13|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|O|3|P|5|6|7|14|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|Q|3|R|5|H|7|15|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|S|3|T|5|6|7|16|8|@$9|17|A|18|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|U|3|V|5|H|7|19|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|W|3|-4|5|6|7|1A|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|X|$]]

find the <code>Rprofile</code> file (no dot) in R installation folder
<pre><code>find -name Rprofile

#Getting something like:
#lib/R/library/base/R/Rprofile
</code></pre>
Open the file and search for:
<pre><code>invisible(.libPaths(c(unlist(strsplit(Sys.getenv(&quot;R_LIBS&quot;), &quot;:&quot;)),
 unlist(strsplit(Sys.getenv(&quot;R_LIBS_USER&quot;), &quot;:&quot;) )
 )))
</code></pre>
comment other paths and add your desired path
<pre><code>invisible(.libPaths(c(#unlist(strsplit(Sys.getenv(&quot;R_LIBS&quot;), &quot;:&quot;)),
 #unlist(strsplit(Sys.getenv(&quot;R_LIBS_USER&quot;), &quot;:&quot;) )
 &quot;/home/users/username/R/4.0.1/lib/R/library&quot; # desired path
 )))
</code></pre>
This can be useful also: (for <code>.bashrc</code> file)
<pre><code>export R_LIBS='/home/users/username/R/4.0.1/lib/R/library'
export R_LIBS_USER='/home/users/username/R/4.0.1/lib/R/library'
</code></pre>

Whenever I change the library path order using the <code>.libPaths()</code> function, it reverts back to the default if I restart R. How can I change this permanently? I am working on a Linux computing cluster (I don't have admin rights) so, I want to add my local library to R permanently. 

I have to do this every time I start R

<pre><code>.libPaths(c("/home/...","/home...","/local/library"))
</code></pre>

How to Change .libPaths() permanently in R?

Linux

每当我使用.libPaths()函数更改库路径顺序时，如果我重新启动R，它将恢复为默认顺序。我如何永久地更改此顺序？我正在Linux计算集群上工作(我没有管理员权限)，所以我想永久地将我的本地库添加到R中。每次启动R时，我都必须这样做.libPaths(c("/home/...","/home...","/local/...

问如何在R中永久更改.libPaths()？
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问如何在R中永久更改.libPaths()？
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