blocks|key|1411772|text|是的，您想要基于pkgutil或类似的东西--这样您就可以对所有包一视同仁，不管它们是鸡蛋还是拉链之类的(+os.listdir不会提供帮助)。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|1411773|import+pkgutil

#+this+is+the+package+we+are+inspecting+--+for+example+'email'+from+stdlib
import+email

package+=+email
for+importer,+modname,+ispkg+in+pkgutil.iter_modules(package.__path__):
++++print+"Found+submodule+%25s+(is+a+package:+%25s)"+%25+(modname,+ispkg)|code-block|syntax|javascript|1411774|如何也导入它们？你可以像往常一样使用__import__：|1411775|import+pkgutil

#+this+is+the+package+we+are+inspecting+--+for+example+'email'+from+stdlib
import+email

package+=+email
prefix+=+package.__name__+%2B+"."
for+importer,+modname,+ispkg+in+pkgutil.iter_modules(package.__path__,+prefix):
++++print+"Found+submodule+%25s+(is+a+package:+%25s)"+%25+(modname,+ispkg)
++++module+=+__import__(modname,+fromlist="dummy")
++++print+"Imported",+module|1411776|entityMap^0|8|7|0|0|I|A|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|Q|8|@$9|R|A|S|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|T|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|U|8|@$9|V|A|W|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|H|7|X|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|O|3|-4|5|6|7|Y|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|P|$]]

Yes, you want something based on <code>pkgutil</code> or similar -- this way you can treat all packages alike regardless if they are in eggs or zips or so (where os.listdir won't help).

<pre><code>import pkgutil

# this is the package we are inspecting -- for example 'email' from stdlib
import email

package = email
for importer, modname, ispkg in pkgutil.iter_modules(package.__path__):
 print "Found submodule %s (is a package: %s)" % (modname, ispkg)
</code></pre>

How to import them too? You can just use <code>__import__</code> as normal:

<pre><code>import pkgutil

# this is the package we are inspecting -- for example 'email' from stdlib
import email

package = email
prefix = package.__name__ + "."
for importer, modname, ispkg in pkgutil.iter_modules(package.__path__, prefix):
 print "Found submodule %s (is a package: %s)" % (modname, ispkg)
 module = __import__(modname, fromlist="dummy")
 print "Imported", module
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1196582|text|适合这项工作的工具是pkgutil.walk_packages。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1196583|要列出系统上的所有模块，请执行以下操作：|1196584|import+pkgutil
for+importer,+modname,+ispkg+in+pkgutil.walk_packages(path=None,+onerror=lambda+x:+None):
++++print(modname)|code-block|syntax|javascript|1196585|请注意，walk_packages会导入所有子包，但不会导入子模块。|1196586|如果你想列出某个包的所有子模块，那么你可以使用如下代码：|1196587|import+pkgutil
import+scipy
package=scipy
for+importer,+modname,+ispkg+in+pkgutil.walk_packages(path=package.__path__,
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++prefix=package.__name__%2B'.',
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++onerror=lambda+x:+None):
++++print(modname)|1196588|iter_modules仅列出一级深度的模块。walk_packages获取所有子模块。例如，对于scipy，walk_packages返回|1196589|scipy.stats.stats|1196590|而iter_modules仅返回|1196591|scipy.stats|1196592|关于pkgutil+(http://docs.python.org/library/pkgutil.html)的文档没有列出/usr/lib/python2.6/pkgutil.py中定义的所有有趣的函数。|offset|length|1196593|也许这意味着这些函数不是“公共”接口的一部分，可能会发生变化。|1196594|然而，至少在Python2.6(也许是更早的版本？)pkgutil附带了一个walk_packages方法，它递归地遍历所有可用的模块。|1196595|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://docs.python.org/library/pkgutil.html^0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|B|17|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|1C|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|1D|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|F|7|1E|8|@]|9|@]|A|$G|H]]|$1|I|3|J|5|6|7|1F|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|1G|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|F|7|1H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$G|H]]|$1|O|3|P|5|6|7|1I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|Q|3|R|5|F|7|1J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$G|H]]|$1|S|3|T|5|6|7|1K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|U|3|V|5|F|7|1L|8|@]|9|@]|A|$G|H]]|$1|W|3|X|5|6|7|1M|8|@]|9|@$Y|1N|Z|1O|1|1P]]|A|$]]|$1|10|3|11|5|6|7|1Q|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|12|3|13|5|6|7|1R|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|14|3|-4|5|6|7|1S|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|15|$16|$5|17|18|19|A|$1A|1B]]]]

The right tool for this job is pkgutil.walk_packages.

To list all the modules on your system:

<pre><code>import pkgutil
for importer, modname, ispkg in pkgutil.walk_packages(path=None, onerror=lambda x: None):
 print(modname)
</code></pre>

Be aware that walk_packages imports all subpackages, but not submodules.

If you wish to list all submodules of a certain package then you can use something like this:

<pre><code>import pkgutil
import scipy
package=scipy
for importer, modname, ispkg in pkgutil.walk_packages(path=package.__path__,
 prefix=package.__name__+'.',
 onerror=lambda x: None):
 print(modname)
</code></pre>

iter_modules only lists the modules which are one-level deep. 
walk_packages gets all the submodules.
In the case of scipy, for example, walk_packages returns 

<pre><code>scipy.stats.stats
</code></pre>

while iter_modules only returns

<pre><code>scipy.stats
</code></pre>

The documentation on pkgutil (<a href="http://docs.python.org/library/pkgutil.html">http://docs.python.org/library/pkgutil.html</a>)
does not list all the interesting functions defined in 
/usr/lib/python2.6/pkgutil.py.

Perhaps this means the functions are not part of the "public" interface and are subject to change.

However, at least as of Python 2.6 (and perhaps earlier versions?)
pkgutil comes with a walk_packages method which recursively walks through all the
modules available.

blocks|key|1196610|text|这对我来说很有效：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1196611|import+types

for+key,+obj+in+nltk.__dict__.iteritems():
++++if+type(obj)+is+types.ModuleType:+
++++++++print+key|code-block|syntax|javascript|1196612|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

This works for me:

<pre><code>import types

for key, obj in nltk.__dict__.iteritems():
 if type(obj) is types.ModuleType: 
 print key
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1411931|text|我正在寻找一种方法来重新加载我正在编辑的包中的所有子模块。这是上面答案/评论的组合，所以我决定把它作为答案而不是评论发布在这里。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1411932|package=yourPackageName
import+importlib
import+pkgutil
for+importer,+modname,+ispkg+in+pkgutil.walk_packages(path=package.__path__,+prefix=package.__name__%2B'.',+onerror=lambda+x:+None):
++++try:
++++++++modulesource+=+importlib.import_module(modname)
++++++++reload(modulesource)
++++++++print("reloaded:+{}".format(modname))
++++except+Exception+as+e:
++++++++print('Could+not+load+{}+{}'.format(modname,+e))|code-block|syntax|javascript|1411933|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

I was looking for a way to reload all submodules that I'm editing live in my package. It is a combination of the answers/comments above, so I've decided to post it here as an answer rather than a comment.

<pre><code>package=yourPackageName
import importlib
import pkgutil
for importer, modname, ispkg in pkgutil.walk_packages(path=package.__path__, prefix=package.__name__+'.', onerror=lambda x: None):
 try:
 modulesource = importlib.import_module(modname)
 reload(modulesource)
 print("reloaded: {}".format(modname))
 except Exception as e:
 print('Could not load {} {}'.format(modname, e))
</code></pre>

Is there a straightforward way to find all the modules that are part of a python package? I've found <a href="http://bytes.com/topic/python/answers/36924-how-get-list-modules-package" rel="noreferrer">this old discussion</a>, which is not really conclusive, but I'd love to have a definite answer before I roll out my own solution based on os.listdir().

List all the modules that are part of a python package?

有没有一种简单的方法可以找到python包中的所有模块？我已经找到了，这并不是很确定，但我希望在推出自己的基于os.listdir()的解决方案之前有一个明确的答案。

问列出python包中的所有模块？
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