blocks|key|1016705|text|运行nohup+python+bgservice.py+&让脚本忽略挂起信号并继续运行。输出将放入nohup.out中。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|1016706|理想情况下，您可以使用类似于supervise的命令运行脚本，以便在脚本死机时可以重新启动它。|1016707|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://cr.yp.to/daemontools/supervise.html^0|2|R|1D|9|0|E|9|E|9|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|P|8|@$9|Q|A|R|B|C]|$9|S|A|T|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|U|8|@$9|V|A|W|B|C]]|D|@$9|X|A|Y|1|Z]]|E|$]]|$1|H|3|-4|5|6|7|10|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|I|$J|$5|K|L|M|E|$N|O]]]]

Run <code>nohup python bgservice.py &amp;</code> to get the script to ignore the hangup signal and keep running. Output will be put in <code>nohup.out</code>.

Ideally, you'd run your script with something like <a href="http://cr.yp.to/daemontools/supervise.html" rel="noreferrer"><code>supervise</code></a> so that it can be restarted if (when) it dies.

blocks|key|1231632|text|如果您已经启动了该进程，并且不想终止它并在nohup下重新启动，您可以将其发送到后台，然后拒绝承认它。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1231633|Ctrl%2BZ+(挂起进程)|offset|length|style|CODE|1231634|bg+(在后台重新启动进程|1231635|disown+%251+(假设这是作业#1，使用jobs确定)|1231636|entityMap^0|0|0|6|0|0|2|0|0|9|M|4|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|O|8|@$D|P|E|Q|F|G]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|6|7|R|8|@$D|S|E|T|F|G]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|J|3|K|5|6|7|U|8|@$D|V|E|W|F|G]|$D|X|E|Y|F|G]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|L|3|-4|5|6|7|Z|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|M|$]]

If you've already started the process, and don't want to kill it and restart under nohup, you can send it to the background, then disown it.

<code>Ctrl+Z</code> (suspend the process)

<code>bg</code> (restart the process in the background

<code>disown %1</code> (assuming this is job #1, use <code>jobs</code> to determine)

blocks|key|1016819|text|你也可以使用GNU+screen，这几乎是每个Linux/Unix系统都应该有的。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|1016820|如果你使用的是Ubuntu/Debian，它的增强型byobu也相当不错。|1016821|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://www.gnu.org/software/screen/|1|http://byobu.co/^0|6|A|0|0|Q|5|1|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@$A|Q|B|R|1|S]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|T|8|@]|9|@$A|U|B|V|1|W]]|C|$]]|$1|F|3|-4|5|6|7|X|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|G|$H|$5|I|J|K|C|$L|M]]|N|$5|I|J|K|C|$L|O]]]]

You could also use <a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/screen/" rel="noreferrer">GNU screen</a> which just about every Linux/Unix system should have. 

If you are on Ubuntu/Debian, its enhanced variant <a href="http://byobu.co" rel="noreferrer">byobu</a> is rather nice too.

blocks|key|1231708|text|您可以考虑将python脚本转换为适当的python守护进程，如here所述。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|1231709|python-daemon是一个很好的工具，可用于将python脚本作为后台守护进程运行，而不是永远运行的脚本。您需要对现有代码进行一些修改，但它简单明了。|1231710|如果你遇到了python守护进程的问题，有另一个实用程序supervisor可以帮你做同样的事情，但是在这种情况下，你不需要写任何代码(或者修改现有的代码)，因为这是一个用于守护进程的开箱即用的解决方案。|1231711|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://stackoverflow.com/a/9047339/482352|1|https://pypi.python.org/pypi/python-daemon/|2|http://supervisord.org/introduction.html^0|W|4|0|0|0|D|1|0|S|A|2|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|T|8|@]|9|@$A|U|B|V|1|W]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|X|8|@]|9|@$A|Y|B|Z|1|10]]|C|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|11|8|@]|9|@$A|12|B|13|1|14]]|C|$]]|$1|H|3|-4|5|6|7|15|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|I|$J|$5|K|L|M|C|$N|O]]|P|$5|K|L|M|C|$N|Q]]|R|$5|K|L|M|C|$N|S]]]]

You might consider turning your python script into a proper python daemon, as described <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/a/9047339/482352">here</a>.

<a href="https://pypi.python.org/pypi/python-daemon/" rel="noreferrer">python-daemon</a> is a good tool that can be used to run python scripts as a background daemon process rather than a forever running script. You will need to modify existing code a bit but its plain and simple. 

If you are facing problems with python-daemon, there is another utility <a href="http://supervisord.org/introduction.html" rel="noreferrer">supervisor</a> that will do the same for you, but in this case you wont have to write any code (or modify existing) as this is a out of the box solution for daemonizing processes.

blocks|key|1231446|text|你可以不使用它，但我更喜欢screen。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|1231447|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://www.gnu.org/software/screen/^0|D|6|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|L|8|@]|9|@$A|M|B|N|1|O]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|E|$F|$5|G|H|I|C|$J|K]]]]

You can nohup it, but I prefer <a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/screen/" rel="noreferrer">screen</a>.

blocks|key|1017113|text|这是一个在python中使用装饰器的简单解决方案：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1017114|import+os,+time

def+daemon(func):
++++def+wrapper(*args,+**kwargs):
++++++++if+os.fork():+return
++++++++func(*args,+**kwargs)
++++++++os._exit(os.EX_OK)
++++return+wrapper

@daemon
def+my_func(count=10):++++
++for+i+in+range(0,count):
+++++print('parent+pid:+%25d'+%25+os.getppid())
+++++time.sleep(1)


my_func(count=10)
#still+in+parent+thread
time.sleep(2)
#after+2+seconds+the+function+my_func+lives+on+is+own|code-block|syntax|javascript|1017115|当然，您也可以用my_func替换bgservice.py文件的内容。|offset|length|style|CODE|1017116|entityMap^0|0|0|8|7|H|C|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|O|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|Q|8|@$I|R|J|S|K|L]|$I|T|J|U|K|L]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|M|3|-4|5|6|7|V|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|N|$]]

Here is a simple solution inside python using a decorator:

<pre><code>import os, time

def daemon(func):
 def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
 if os.fork(): return
 func(*args, **kwargs)
 os._exit(os.EX_OK)
 return wrapper

@daemon
def my_func(count=10): 
 for i in range(0,count):
 print('parent pid: %d' % os.getppid())
 time.sleep(1)


my_func(count=10)
#still in parent thread
time.sleep(2)
#after 2 seconds the function my_func lives on is own
</code></pre>

You can of course replace the content of your <code>bgservice.py</code> file in place of <code>my_func</code>.

blocks|key|1231861|text|在后台运行Python脚本|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1231862|首先，您需要在Python脚本中添加如下所示的shebang行：|offset|length|1231863|#!/usr/bin/env+python3|code-block|syntax|javascript|1231864|如果您安装了Python的多个版本，并且/usr/bin/env将确保使用$$PATH环境变量中的第一个Python解释器，则此路径是必需的。你也可以硬编码你的Python解释器的路径(例如#!/usr/bin/python3)，但是这不灵活，也不能移植到其他机器上。接下来，您需要设置该文件的权限以允许执行：|style|CODE|1231865|chmod+%2Bx+test.py|1231866|现在，您可以使用忽略挂起信号的nohup运行该脚本。这意味着您可以在不停止执行的情况下关闭终端。另外，不要忘了添加&，这样脚本就可以在后台运行：|1231867|nohup+/path/to/test.py+&|1231868|如果您没有向该文件添加shebang，则可以使用以下命令运行该脚本：|1231869|nohup+python+/path/to/test.py+&|1231870|除非您像下面这样指定输出文件，否则输出将保存在nohup.out文件中：|1231871|nohup+/path/to/test.py+>+output.log+&
nohup+python+/path/to/test.py+>+output.log+&|1231872|如果您已经将命令的输出重定向到其他地方--包括/dev/null+--那就是它要去的地方。|1231873|#+doesn't+create+nohup.out

nohup+command+>/dev/null+2>&1+++|1231874|如果您使用的是nohup，这可能意味着您希望在后台运行该命令，方法是将另一个&放在整个操作的末尾：|1231875|#+runs+in+background,+still+doesn't+create+nohup.out

+nohup+command+>/dev/null+2>&1+&++|1231876|您可以使用以下命令查找process及其process+ID：|1231877|ps+ax+%7C+grep+test.py

#+or
#+list+of+running+processes+Python

ps+-fA+%7C+grep+python|1231878|ps代表process+status|1231879|如果你想停止执行，你可以使用kill命令来终止它：|1231880|kill+PID|1231881|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shebang_(Unix)|1|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nohup|2|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kill_(command)^0|0|N|7|0|0|0|K|C|11|6|2N|I|0|0|1L|1|F|5|1|0|0|B|7|0|0|N|9|0|0|N|9|0|0|7|5|12|1|0|0|B|7|K|A|0|0|0|2|4|E|0|E|4|2|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|1W|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|1X|8|@]|9|@$D|1Y|E|1Z|1|20]]|A|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|21|8|@]|9|@]|A|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|22|8|@$D|23|E|24|M|N]|$D|25|E|26|M|N]|$D|27|E|28|M|N]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|O|3|P|5|H|7|29|8|@]|9|@]|A|$I|J]]|$1|Q|3|R|5|6|7|2A|8|@$D|2B|E|2C|M|N]]|9|@$D|2D|E|2E|1|2F]]|A|$]]|$1|S|3|T|5|H|7|2G|8|@]|9|@]|A|$I|J]]|$1|U|3|V|5|6|7|2H|8|@$D|2I|E|2J|M|N]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|W|3|X|5|H|7|2K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$I|J]]|$1|Y|3|Z|5|6|7|2L|8|@$D|2M|E|2N|M|N]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|10|3|11|5|H|7|2O|8|@]|9|@]|A|$I|J]]|$1|12|3|13|5|6|7|2P|8|@$D|2Q|E|2R|M|N]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|14|3|15|5|H|7|2S|8|@]|9|@]|A|$I|J]]|$1|16|3|17|5|6|7|2T|8|@$D|2U|E|2V|M|N]|$D|2W|E|2X|M|N]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|18|3|19|5|H|7|2Y|8|@]|9|@]|A|$I|J]]|$1|1A|3|1B|5|6|7|2Z|8|@$D|30|E|31|M|N]|$D|32|E|33|M|N]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|1C|3|1D|5|H|7|34|8|@]|9|@]|A|$I|J]]|$1|1E|3|1F|5|6|7|35|8|@$D|36|E|37|M|N]|$D|38|E|39|M|N]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|1G|3|1H|5|6|7|3A|8|@]|9|@$D|3B|E|3C|1|3D]]|A|$]]|$1|1I|3|1J|5|H|7|3E|8|@]|9|@]|A|$I|J]]|$1|1K|3|-4|5|6|7|3F|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|1L|$1M|$5|1N|1O|1P|A|$1Q|1R]]|1S|$5|1N|1O|1P|A|$1Q|1T]]|1U|$5|1N|1O|1P|A|$1Q|1V]]]]

<h3>Running a Python Script in the Background</h3>
First, you need to add a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shebang_(Unix)" rel="noreferrer">shebang</a> line in the Python script which looks like the following:
<pre class="lang-sh prettyprint-override"><code>#!/usr/bin/env python3
</code></pre>
This path is necessary if you have multiple versions of Python installed and <code>/usr/bin/env</code> will ensure that the first Python interpreter in your <code>$$PATH</code> environment variable is taken. You can also hardcode the path of your Python interpreter (e.g. <code>#!/usr/bin/python3</code>), but this is not flexible and not portable on other machines. Next, you’ll need to set the permissions of the file to allow execution:
<pre class="lang-sh prettyprint-override"><code>chmod +x test.py
</code></pre>
Now you can run the script with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nohup" rel="noreferrer">nohup</a> which ignores the hangup signal. This means that you can close the terminal without stopping the execution. Also, don’t forget to add <code>&amp;</code> so the script runs in the background:
<pre class="lang-sh prettyprint-override"><code>nohup /path/to/test.py &amp;
</code></pre>
If you did not add a <code>shebang</code> to the file you can instead run the script with this command:
<pre class="lang-sh prettyprint-override"><code>nohup python /path/to/test.py &amp;
</code></pre>
The output will be saved in the <code>nohup.out</code> file, unless you specify the output file like here:
<pre class="lang-sh prettyprint-override"><code>nohup /path/to/test.py &gt; output.log &amp;
nohup python /path/to/test.py &gt; output.log &amp;
</code></pre>
If you have redirected the output of the command somewhere else - including <code>/dev/null</code> - that's where it goes instead.
<pre class="lang-sh prettyprint-override"><code># doesn't create nohup.out

nohup command &gt;/dev/null 2&gt;&amp;1 
</code></pre>
If you're using <code>nohup</code>, that probably means you want to run the command in the background by putting another <code>&amp;</code> on the end of the whole thing:
<pre class="lang-sh prettyprint-override"><code># runs in background, still doesn't create nohup.out

 nohup command &gt;/dev/null 2&gt;&amp;1 &amp; 
</code></pre>
You can find the <code>process</code> and its <code>process ID</code> with this command:
<pre class="lang-sh prettyprint-override"><code>ps ax | grep test.py

# or
# list of running processes Python

ps -fA | grep python
</code></pre>
<code>ps</code> stands for <code>process status</code>
If you want to stop the execution, you can <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kill_(command)" rel="noreferrer">kill</a> it with the kill command:
<pre class="lang-sh prettyprint-override"><code>kill PID
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1231543|text|nohup+shell有一个选项，可以让所有后台进程都使用zsh运行。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|1231544|在~/.zshrc中添加以下行：|style|CODE|1231545|setopt+nocheckjobs++#don't+warn+about+bg+processes+on+exit
setopt+nohup++++++++#don't+kill+bg+processes+on+exit|code-block|syntax|javascript|1231546|然后，您只需要运行如下所示的进程：python+bgservice.py+&，并且您不再需要使用nohup命令。|1231547|我知道使用zsh的人不多，但我推荐它是一个非常酷的shell。|1231548|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://www.zsh.org/^0|T|3|0|0|1|8|0|0|H|L|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|Y|8|@]|9|@$A|Z|B|10|1|11]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|12|8|@$A|13|B|14|F|G]]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|J|7|15|8|@]|9|@]|C|$K|L]]|$1|M|3|N|5|6|7|16|8|@$A|17|B|18|F|G]]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|O|3|P|5|6|7|19|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|Q|3|-4|5|6|7|1A|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|R|$S|$5|T|U|V|C|$W|X]]]]

The <a href="http://www.zsh.org/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">zsh</a> shell has an option to make all background processes run with nohup.

In <code>~/.zshrc</code> add the lines:

<pre><code>setopt nocheckjobs #don't warn about bg processes on exit
setopt nohup #don't kill bg processes on exit
</code></pre>

Then you just need to run a process like so: <code>python bgservice.py &amp;</code>, and you no longer need to use the nohup command.

I know not many people use zsh, but it's a really cool shell which I would recommend.

blocks|key|1017068|text|如果您需要的是，无论您是否登录，该进程都应该永远运行，请考虑将该进程作为守护进程运行。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1017069|supervisord是一个很好的开箱即用的解决方案，可用于守护任何进程。它还有另一个控制实用程序supervisorctl，可用于监视supervisor正在运行的进程。|offset|length|style|CODE|1017070|您不需要编写任何额外的代码或修改现有的脚本就可以实现这一点。此外，详细的文档使这一过程变得简单得多。|1017071|在对python-daemon摸爬滚打了几个小时之后，supervisor在几分钟内就解决了我的问题。|1017072|我希望这对试图让python守护进程工作的人有所帮助。|1017073|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://supervisord.org/introduction.html^0|0|1D|D|0|B|0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|V|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|W|8|@$D|X|E|Y|F|G]]|9|@$D|Z|E|10|1|11]]|A|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|6|7|12|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|J|3|K|5|6|7|13|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|L|3|M|5|6|7|14|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|N|3|-4|5|6|7|15|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|O|$P|$5|Q|R|S|A|$T|U]]]]

If what you need is that the process should run forever no matter whether you are logged in or not, consider running the process as a daemon. 

<a href="http://supervisord.org/introduction.html" rel="nofollow">supervisord</a> is a great out of the box solution that can be used to daemonize any process. It has another controlling utility <code>supervisorctl</code> that can be used to monitor processes that are being run by supervisor. 

You don't have to write any extra code or modify existing scripts to make this work. Moreover, verbose documentation makes this process much simpler.

After scratching my head for hours around python-daemon, supervisor is the solution that worked for me in minutes.

Hope this helps someone trying to make python-daemon work

I have Python script <code>bgservice.py</code> and I want it to run all the time, because it is part of the web service I build. How can I make it run continuously even after I logout SSH?

How to run a Python script in the background even after I logout SSH?

解释器

Python

Ubuntu

Debian

Linux

Unix

我有Python script bgservice.py，我想让它一直运行，因为它是我构建的web服务的一部分。如何才能使其在注销SSH后也能继续运行？

问如何在注销SSH后在后台运行Python脚本？
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回答 9

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