blocks|key|1350450|text|可以使用GetTopWindow函数搜索父窗口的所有子窗口，并返回z顺序最高的子窗口的句柄。GetNextWindow函数以z顺序检索下一个或上一个窗口的句柄。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1350451|GetTopWindow：http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms633514(VS.85).aspx|offset|length|1350452|GetNextWindow：http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms633509(VS.85).aspx|1350453|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms633514(VS.85).aspx|1|http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms633509(VS.85).aspx^0|0|D|1O|0|0|E|1O|1|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|R|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|S|8|@]|9|@$D|T|E|U|1|V]]|A|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|W|8|@]|9|@$D|X|E|Y|1|Z]]|A|$]]|$1|H|3|-4|5|6|7|10|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|I|$J|$5|K|L|M|A|$N|O]]|P|$5|K|L|M|A|$N|Q]]]]

You can use the GetTopWindow function to search all child windows of a parent window and return a handle to the child window that is highest in z-order. The GetNextWindow function retrieves a handle to the next or previous window in z-order.

GetTopWindow: <a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms633514(VS.85).aspx" rel="noreferrer">http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms633514(VS.85).aspx</a> 
GetNextWindow: <a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms633509(VS.85).aspx" rel="noreferrer">http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms633509(VS.85).aspx</a>

blocks|key|1565956|text|++++++++++++//+Find+z-order+for+window.
++++++++++++Process[]+procs+=+Process.GetProcessesByName("notepad");
++++++++++++Process+top+=+null;
++++++++++++int+topz+=+int.MaxValue;
++++++++++++foreach+(Process+p+in+procs)
++++++++++++{
++++++++++++++++IntPtr+handle+=+p.MainWindowHandle;
++++++++++++++++int+z+=+0;
++++++++++++++++do
++++++++++++++++{
++++++++++++++++++++z%2B%2B;
++++++++++++++++++++handle+=+GetWindow(handle,+3);
++++++++++++++++}+while(handle+!=+IntPtr.Zero);

++++++++++++++++if+(z+<+topz)
++++++++++++++++{
++++++++++++++++++++top+=+p;
++++++++++++++++++++topz+=+z;
++++++++++++++++}
++++++++++++}

++++++++++++if(top+!=+null)
++++++++++++++++Debug.WriteLine(top.MainWindowTitle);|type|code-block|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|syntax|javascript|1565957|unstyled|entityMap^0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|G|8|@]|9|@]|A|$B|C]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|E|7|H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|F|$]]

<pre><code> // Find z-order for window.
 Process[] procs = Process.GetProcessesByName("notepad");
 Process top = null;
 int topz = int.MaxValue;
 foreach (Process p in procs)
 {
 IntPtr handle = p.MainWindowHandle;
 int z = 0;
 do
 {
 z++;
 handle = GetWindow(handle, 3);
 } while(handle != IntPtr.Zero);

 if (z &lt; topz)
 {
 top = p;
 topz = z;
 }
 }

 if(top != null)
 Debug.WriteLine(top.MainWindowTitle);
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1566045|text|简明扼要：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1566046|int+GetZOrder(IntPtr+hWnd)
{
++++var+z+=+0;
++++for+(var+h+=+hWnd;+h+!=+IntPtr.Zero;+h+=+GetWindow(h,+GW.HWNDPREV))+z%2B%2B;
++++return+z;
}|code-block|syntax|javascript|1566047|如果您需要更高的可靠性：|1566048|///+<summary>
///+Gets+the+z-order+for+one+or+more+windows+atomically+with+respect+to+each+other.+In+Windows,+smaller+z-order+is+higher.+If+the+window+is+not+top+level,+the+z+order+is+returned+as+-1.+
///+</summary>
int[]+GetZOrder(params+IntPtr[]+hWnds)
{
++++var+z+=+new+int[hWnds.Length];
++++for+(var+i+=+0;+i+<+hWnds.Length;+i%2B%2B)+z[i]+=+-1;

++++var+index+=+0;
++++var+numRemaining+=+hWnds.Length;
++++EnumWindows((wnd,+param)+=>
++++{
++++++++var+searchIndex+=+Array.IndexOf(hWnds,+wnd);
++++++++if+(searchIndex+!=+-1)
++++++++{
++++++++++++z[searchIndex]+=+index;
++++++++++++numRemaining--;
++++++++++++if+(numRemaining+==+0)+return+false;
++++++++}
++++++++index%2B%2B;
++++++++return+true;
++++},+IntPtr.Zero);

++++return+z;
}|1566049|(根据GetWindow上的备注部分，EnumChildWindows比在循环中调用GetWindow更安全，因为您的GetWindow循环对外部更改不是原子的。根据EnumChildWindows的参数部分，使用空的父级调用等同于EnumWindows。)|offset|length|style|CODE|1566050|然后，您可以在参数数组中发送每个要比较的窗口，以便可以同时检索它们的z顺序，而不是为每个窗口单独调用EnumWindows，这也不是原子的，也不是安全的。|1566051|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms633515.aspx|1|https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms633494.aspx^0|0|0|0|0|3|9|J|G|16|9|1N|9|2B|G|38|B|3|9|0|2B|G|1|0|1E|B|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|12|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|13|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|14|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|J|5|D|7|15|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|16|8|@$M|17|N|18|O|P]|$M|19|N|1A|O|P]|$M|1B|N|1C|O|P]|$M|1D|N|1E|O|P]|$M|1F|N|1G|O|P]|$M|1H|N|1I|O|P]]|9|@$M|1J|N|1K|1|1L]|$M|1M|N|1N|1|1O]]|A|$]]|$1|Q|3|R|5|6|7|1P|8|@$M|1Q|N|1R|O|P]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|S|3|-4|5|6|7|1S|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|T|$U|$5|V|W|X|A|$Y|Z]]|10|$5|V|W|X|A|$Y|11]]]]

Nice and terse:

<pre><code>int GetZOrder(IntPtr hWnd)
{
 var z = 0;
 for (var h = hWnd; h != IntPtr.Zero; h = GetWindow(h, GW.HWNDPREV)) z++;
 return z;
}
</code></pre>

If you need more reliability:

<pre><code>/// &lt;summary&gt;
/// Gets the z-order for one or more windows atomically with respect to each other. In Windows, smaller z-order is higher. If the window is not top level, the z order is returned as -1. 
/// &lt;/summary&gt;
int[] GetZOrder(params IntPtr[] hWnds)
{
 var z = new int[hWnds.Length];
 for (var i = 0; i &lt; hWnds.Length; i++) z[i] = -1;

 var index = 0;
 var numRemaining = hWnds.Length;
 EnumWindows((wnd, param) =&gt;
 {
 var searchIndex = Array.IndexOf(hWnds, wnd);
 if (searchIndex != -1)
 {
 z[searchIndex] = index;
 numRemaining--;
 if (numRemaining == 0) return false;
 }
 index++;
 return true;
 }, IntPtr.Zero);

 return z;
}
</code></pre>

(According to the Remarks section on <a href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms633515.aspx" rel="noreferrer"><code>GetWindow</code></a>, <code>EnumChildWindows</code> is safer than calling <code>GetWindow</code> in a loop because your <code>GetWindow</code> loop is not atomic to outside changes. According to the Parameters section for <a href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms633494.aspx" rel="noreferrer"><code>EnumChildWindows</code></a>, calling with a null parent is equivalent to <code>EnumWindows</code>.)

Then instead of a separate call to <code>EnumWindows</code> for each window, which would also be not be atomic and safe from concurrent changes, you send each window you want to compare in a params array so their z-orders can all be retrieved at the same time.

blocks|key|1566102|text|下面是我的C#解决方案:该函数返回给定HWND的同级中的zIndex，从0开始表示最低的zOrder。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1566103|using+System;
using+System.Runtime.InteropServices;

namespace+Win32
{
++++public+static+class+HwndHelper
++++{
++++++++[DllImport("user32.dll")]
++++++++private+static+extern+IntPtr+GetWindow(IntPtr+hWnd,+uint+uCmd);

++++++++public+static+bool+GetWindowZOrder(IntPtr+hwnd,+out+int+zOrder)
++++++++{
++++++++++++const+uint+GW_HWNDPREV+=+3;
++++++++++++const+uint+GW_HWNDLAST+=+1;

++++++++++++var+lowestHwnd+=+GetWindow(hwnd,+GW_HWNDLAST);

++++++++++++var+z+=+0;
++++++++++++var+hwndTmp+=+lowestHwnd;
++++++++++++while+(hwndTmp+!=+IntPtr.Zero)
++++++++++++{
++++++++++++++++if+(hwnd+==+hwndTmp)
++++++++++++++++{
++++++++++++++++++++zOrder+=+z;
++++++++++++++++++++return+true;
++++++++++++++++}

++++++++++++++++hwndTmp+=+GetWindow(hwndTmp,+GW_HWNDPREV);
++++++++++++++++z%2B%2B;
++++++++++++}

++++++++++++zOrder+=+int.MinValue;
++++++++++++return+false;
++++++++}
++++}
}|code-block|syntax|javascript|1566104|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

Here is my C# solution:
The function returns the zIndex among the siblings of the given HWND, starting at 0 for the lowest zOrder.

<pre><code>using System;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

namespace Win32
{
 public static class HwndHelper
 {
 [DllImport("user32.dll")]
 private static extern IntPtr GetWindow(IntPtr hWnd, uint uCmd);

 public static bool GetWindowZOrder(IntPtr hwnd, out int zOrder)
 {
 const uint GW_HWNDPREV = 3;
 const uint GW_HWNDLAST = 1;

 var lowestHwnd = GetWindow(hwnd, GW_HWNDLAST);

 var z = 0;
 var hwndTmp = lowestHwnd;
 while (hwndTmp != IntPtr.Zero)
 {
 if (hwnd == hwndTmp)
 {
 zOrder = z;
 return true;
 }

 hwndTmp = GetWindow(hwndTmp, GW_HWNDPREV);
 z++;
 }

 zOrder = int.MinValue;
 return false;
 }
 }
}
</code></pre>

I'm making an application where I interact with each running application. Right now, I need a way of getting the window's z-order. For instance, if Firefox and notepad are running, I need to know which one is in front.

Any ideas? Besides doing this for each application's main window I also need to do it for its child and sister windows (windows belonging to the same process).

How to get the z-order in windows?

Windows

我正在制作一个应用程序，其中我与每个正在运行的应用程序进行交互。现在，我需要一种方法来获得窗口的z顺序。例如，如果Firefox和记事本在运行，我需要知道哪一个在前面。有什么想法吗？除了对每个应用程序的主窗口执行此操作外，我还需要对其子窗口和姊妹窗口(属于同一进程的窗口)执行此操作。

问如何在windows中获取z顺序？
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