在Java中,在字符串中迭代所有字符的最快方法是什么,这:
String str = "a really, really long string";
for (int i = 0, n = str.length(); i < n; i++) {
char c = str.charAt(i);
}
或者这个:
char[] chars = str.toCharArray();
for (int i = 0, n = chars.length; i < n; i++) {
char c = chars[i];
}
发布于 2018-03-21 09:04:20
可以自行测试
要测试Java 7及更早版本,请移除两个流测试
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.function.IntPredicate;
/**
* @author Saint Hill <http://stackoverflow.com/users/1584255/saint-hill>
*/
public final class TestStrings {
// we will not test strings longer than 512KM
final int MAX_STRING_SIZE = 1024 * 256;
// for each string size, we will do all the tests
// this many times
final int TRIES_PER_STRING_SIZE = 1000;
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
new TestStrings().run();
}
void run() throws Exception {
// double the length of the data until it reaches MAX chars long
// 0,1,2,4,8,16,32,64,128,256 ...
final List<Integer> sizes = new ArrayList<>();
for (int n = 0; n <= MAX_STRING_SIZE; n = (n == 0 ? 1 : n * 2)) {
sizes.add(n);
}
// CREATE RANDOM (FOR SHUFFLING ORDER OF TESTS)
final Random random = new Random();
System.out.println("Rate in nanoseconds per character inspected.");
System.out.printf("==== FORWARDS (tries per size: %s) ==== \n", TRIES_PER_STRING_SIZE);
printHeadings(TRIES_PER_STRING_SIZE, random);
for (int size : sizes) {
reportResults(size, test(size, TRIES_PER_STRING_SIZE, random));
}
// reverse order or string sizes
Collections.reverse(sizes);
System.out.println("");
System.out.println("Rate in nanoseconds per character inspected.");
System.out.printf("==== BACKWARDS (tries per size: %s) ==== \n", TRIES_PER_STRING_SIZE);
printHeadings(TRIES_PER_STRING_SIZE, random);
for (int size : sizes) {
reportResults(size, test(size, TRIES_PER_STRING_SIZE, random));
}
}
///
///
/// METHODS OF CHECKING THE CONTENTS
/// OF A STRING. ALWAYS CHECKING FOR
/// WHITESPACE (CHAR <=' ')
///
///
// CHECK THE STRING CONTENTS
int charAtMethod1(final String data) {
final int len = data.length();
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
if (data.charAt(i) <= ' ') {
doThrow();
}
}
return len;
}
// SAME AS ABOVE BUT USE String.length()
// instead of making a new final local int
int charAtMethod2(final String data) {
for (int i = 0; i < data.length(); i++) {
if (data.charAt(i) <= ' ') {
doThrow();
}
}
return data.length();
}
// USE new Java-8 String's IntStream
// pass it a PREDICATE to do the checking
int streamMethod(final String data, final IntPredicate predicate) {
if (data.chars().anyMatch(predicate)) {
doThrow();
}
return data.length();
}
// OH LA LA - GO PARALLEL!!!
int streamParallelMethod(final String data, IntPredicate predicate) {
if (data.chars().parallel().anyMatch(predicate)) {
doThrow();
}
return data.length();
}
// Re-fill a resuable char[] with the contents
// of the String's char[]
int reuseBuffMethod(final char[] reusable, final String data) {
final int len = data.length();
data.getChars(0, len, reusable, 0);
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
if (reusable[i] <= ' ') {
doThrow();
}
}
return len;
}
// Obtain a new copy of char[] from String
int newMethod1(final String data) {
final int len = data.length();
final char[] copy = data.toCharArray();
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
if (copy[i] <= ' ') {
doThrow();
}
}
return len;
}
// Obtain a new copy of char[] from String
// but use FOR-EACH
int newMethod2(final String data) {
for (final char c : data.toCharArray()) {
if (c <= ' ') {
doThrow();
}
}
return data.length();
}
// FANCY!
// OBTAIN FIELD FOR ACCESS TO THE STRING'S
// INTERNAL CHAR[]
int fieldMethod1(final Field field, final String data) {
try {
final char[] chars = (char[]) field.get(data);
final int len = chars.length;
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
if (chars[i] <= ' ') {
doThrow();
}
}
return len;
} catch (Exception ex) {
throw new RuntimeException(ex);
}
}
// same as above but use FOR-EACH
int fieldMethod2(final Field field, final String data) {
final char[] chars;
try {
chars = (char[]) field.get(data);
} catch (Exception ex) {
throw new RuntimeException(ex);
}
for (final char c : chars) {
if (c <= ' ') {
doThrow();
}
}
return chars.length;
}
/**
*
* Make a list of tests. We will shuffle a copy of this list repeatedly
* while we repeat this test.
*
* @param data
* @return
*/
List<Jobber> makeTests(String data) throws Exception {
// make a list of tests
final List<Jobber> tests = new ArrayList<Jobber>();
tests.add(new Jobber("charAt1") {
int check() {
return charAtMethod1(data);
}
});
tests.add(new Jobber("charAt2") {
int check() {
return charAtMethod2(data);
}
});
tests.add(new Jobber("stream") {
final IntPredicate predicate = new IntPredicate() {
public boolean test(int value) {
return value <= ' ';
}
};
int check() {
return streamMethod(data, predicate);
}
});
tests.add(new Jobber("streamPar") {
final IntPredicate predicate = new IntPredicate() {
public boolean test(int value) {
return value <= ' ';
}
};
int check() {
return streamParallelMethod(data, predicate);
}
});
// Reusable char[] method
tests.add(new Jobber("reuse") {
final char[] cbuff = new char[MAX_STRING_SIZE];
int check() {
return reuseBuffMethod(cbuff, data);
}
});
// New char[] from String
tests.add(new Jobber("new1") {
int check() {
return newMethod1(data);
}
});
// New char[] from String
tests.add(new Jobber("new2") {
int check() {
return newMethod2(data);
}
});
// Use reflection for field access
tests.add(new Jobber("field1") {
final Field field;
{
field = String.class.getDeclaredField("value");
field.setAccessible(true);
}
int check() {
return fieldMethod1(field, data);
}
});
// Use reflection for field access
tests.add(new Jobber("field2") {
final Field field;
{
field = String.class.getDeclaredField("value");
field.setAccessible(true);
}
int check() {
return fieldMethod2(field, data);
}
});
return tests;
}
/**
* We use this class to keep track of test results
*/
abstract class Jobber {
final String name;
long nanos;
long chars;
long runs;
Jobber(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
abstract int check();
final double nanosPerChar() {
double charsPerRun = chars / runs;
long nanosPerRun = nanos / runs;
return charsPerRun == 0 ? nanosPerRun : nanosPerRun / charsPerRun;
}
final void run() {
runs++;
long time = System.nanoTime();
chars += check();
nanos += System.nanoTime() - time;
}
}
// MAKE A TEST STRING OF RANDOM CHARACTERS A-Z
private String makeTestString(int testSize, char start, char end) {
Random r = new Random();
char[] data = new char[testSize];
for (int i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
data[i] = (char) (start + r.nextInt(end));
}
return new String(data);
}
// WE DO THIS IF WE FIND AN ILLEGAL CHARACTER IN THE STRING
public void doThrow() {
throw new RuntimeException("Bzzzt -- Illegal Character!!");
}
/**
* 1. get random string of correct length 2. get tests (List<Jobber>) 3.
* perform tests repeatedly, shuffling each time
*/
List<Jobber> test(int size, int tries, Random random) throws Exception {
String data = makeTestString(size, 'A', 'Z');
List<Jobber> tests = makeTests(data);
List<Jobber> copy = new ArrayList<>(tests);
while (tries-- > 0) {
Collections.shuffle(copy, random);
for (Jobber ti : copy) {
ti.run();
}
}
// check to make sure all char counts the same
long runs = tests.get(0).runs;
long count = tests.get(0).chars;
for (Jobber ti : tests) {
if (ti.runs != runs && ti.chars != count) {
throw new Exception("Char counts should match if all correct algorithms");
}
}
return tests;
}
private void printHeadings(final int TRIES_PER_STRING_SIZE, final Random random) throws Exception {
System.out.print(" Size");
for (Jobber ti : test(0, TRIES_PER_STRING_SIZE, random)) {
System.out.printf("%9s", ti.name);
}
System.out.println("");
}
private void reportResults(int size, List<Jobber> tests) {
System.out.printf("%6d", size);
for (Jobber ti : tests) {
System.out.printf("%,9.2f", ti.nanosPerChar());
}
System.out.println("");
}
}
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/-100003203
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