blocks|key|665332|text|下面是一个简单的构造，它使用setdiff来完成此任务|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|665333|rm(list=setdiff(ls(),+"x"))|code-block|syntax|javascript|665334|还有一个完整的例子。运行此命令的风险自负-它将删除除x之外的所有变量|665335|x+<-+1
y+<-+2
z+<-+3
ls()
[1]+"x"+"y"+"z"

rm(list=setdiff(ls(),+"x"))

ls()
[1]+"x"|665336|entityMap^0|E|7|0|0|Q|1|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|Q|8|@$9|R|A|S|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|T|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|U|8|@$9|V|A|W|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|H|7|X|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|O|3|-4|5|6|7|Y|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|P|$]]

Here is a simple construct that will do it, by using <code>setdiff</code>:

<pre><code>rm(list=setdiff(ls(), "x"))
</code></pre>

And a full example. Run this at your own risk - it will remove all variables except <code>x</code>:

<pre><code>x &lt;- 1
y &lt;- 2
z &lt;- 3
ls()
[1] "x" "y" "z"

rm(list=setdiff(ls(), "x"))

ls()
[1] "x"
</code></pre>

blocks|key|882642|text|要保留名称与模式匹配的所有对象，可以使用grep，如下所示：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|882643|to.remove+<-+ls()
to.remove+<-+c(to.remove[!grepl("%5Eobj",+to.remove)],+"to.remove")
rm(list=to.remove)|code-block|syntax|javascript|882644|entityMap^0|K|4|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|M|8|@$9|N|A|O|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|P|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|-4|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|L|$]]

To keep all objects whose names match a pattern, you could use <code>grep</code>, like so:

<pre><code>to.remove &lt;- ls()
to.remove &lt;- c(to.remove[!grepl("^obj", to.remove)], "to.remove")
rm(list=to.remove)
</code></pre>

blocks|key|665472|text|使用gdata包中的keep函数非常方便。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|665473|>+ls()
[1]+"a"+"b"+"c"

library(gdata)
>+keep(a)+#shows+you+which+variables+will+be+removed
[1]+"b"+"c"
>+keep(a,+sure+=+TRUE)+#+setting+sure+to+TRUE+removes+variables+b+and+c
>+ls()
[1]+"a"|code-block|syntax|javascript|665474|entityMap^0|2|5|A|4|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|M|8|@$9|N|A|O|B|C]|$9|P|A|Q|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|R|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|-4|5|6|7|S|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|L|$]]

Using the <code>keep</code> function from the <code>gdata</code> package is quite convenient.

<pre><code>&gt; ls()
[1] "a" "b" "c"

library(gdata)
&gt; keep(a) #shows you which variables will be removed
[1] "b" "c"
&gt; keep(a, sure = TRUE) # setting sure to TRUE removes variables b and c
&gt; ls()
[1] "a"
</code></pre>

blocks|key|665527|text|将v替换为要保留的对象的名称|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|665528|rm(list=(ls()[ls()!="v"]))|code-block|syntax|javascript|665529|帽子提示：http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/Removing-objects-and-clearing-memory-tp3445763p3445865.html|665530|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/Removing-objects-and-clearing-memory-tp3445763p3445865.html^0|1|1|0|0|5|2H|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|U|8|@$9|V|A|W|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|X|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|Y|8|@]|D|@$9|Z|A|10|1|11]]|E|$]]|$1|M|3|-4|5|6|7|12|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|N|$O|$5|P|Q|R|E|$S|T]]]]

Replace <code>v</code> with the name of the object you want to keep 

<pre><code>rm(list=(ls()[ls()!="v"]))
</code></pre>

hat-tip: <a href="http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/Removing-objects-and-clearing-memory-tp3445763p3445865.html">http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/Removing-objects-and-clearing-memory-tp3445763p3445865.html</a>

blocks|key|882786|text|从函数内部，对.GlobalEnv中除函数以外的所有对象执行rm操作|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|882787|initialize+<-+function(country.name)+{

++if+(length(setdiff(ls(pos+=+.GlobalEnv),+"initialize"))+>+0)+{
++++rm(list=setdiff(ls(pos+=+.GlobalEnv),+"initialize"),+pos+=+.GlobalEnv)
++}

}|code-block|syntax|javascript|882788|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

From within a function, rm all objects in .GlobalEnv except the function

<pre><code>initialize &lt;- function(country.name) {

 if (length(setdiff(ls(pos = .GlobalEnv), "initialize")) &gt; 0) {
 rm(list=setdiff(ls(pos = .GlobalEnv), "initialize"), pos = .GlobalEnv)
 }

}
</code></pre>

blocks|key|882829|text|我刚刚花了几个小时寻找一个类似但略有不同的问题的答案-我需要能够删除R中的所有对象(包括函数)，除了少数向量。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|882830|一种方法是：|882831|rm(list=ls()[!+ls()+%25in%25+c("a","c")])|code-block|syntax|javascript|882832|其中我想保留的向量被命名为'a‘和'c’。|882833|希望这能帮助任何正在寻找相同解决方案的人！|882834|entityMap^0|0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|O|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|F|7|Q|8|@]|9|@]|A|$G|H]]|$1|I|3|J|5|6|7|R|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|S|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|M|3|-4|5|6|7|T|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|N|$]]

I just spent several hours hunting for the answer to a similar but slightly different question - I needed to be able to delete all objects in R (including functions) except a handful of vectors.

One way to do this:

<pre><code>rm(list=ls()[! ls() %in% c("a","c")])
</code></pre>

Where the vectors that I want to keep are named 'a' and 'c'.

Hope this helps anyone searching for the same solution!

blocks|key|882882|text|这利用了ls()的pattern选项，在这种情况下，您有许多具有相同模式的对象，但您不想保留：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|882883|>+foo1+<-+"junk";+foo2+<-+"rubbish";+foo3+<-+"trash";+x+<-+"gold"++
>+ls()
[1]+"foo1"+"foo2"+"foo3"+"x"+++
>+#+Let's+check+first+what+we+want+to+remove
>+ls(pattern+=+"foo")
[1]+"foo1"+"foo2"+"foo3"
>+rm(list+=+ls(pattern+=+"foo"))
>+ls()
[1]+"x"|code-block|syntax|javascript|882884|entityMap^0|4|4|9|7|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|M|8|@$9|N|A|O|B|C]|$9|P|A|Q|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|R|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|-4|5|6|7|S|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|L|$]]

This takes advantage of <code>ls()</code>'s <code>pattern</code> option, in the case you have a lot of objects with the same pattern that you don't want to keep:

<pre><code>&gt; foo1 &lt;- "junk"; foo2 &lt;- "rubbish"; foo3 &lt;- "trash"; x &lt;- "gold" 
&gt; ls()
[1] "foo1" "foo2" "foo3" "x" 
&gt; # Let's check first what we want to remove
&gt; ls(pattern = "foo")
[1] "foo1" "foo2" "foo3"
&gt; rm(list = ls(pattern = "foo"))
&gt; ls()
[1] "x"
</code></pre>

blocks|key|882889|text|这个怎么样？|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|882890|#+Removes+all+objects+except+the+specified+&+the+function+itself.

rme+<-+function(except=NULL){
++except+=+ifelse(is.character(except),+except,+deparse(substitute(except)))
++rm(list=setdiff(ls(envir=.GlobalEnv),+c(except,"rme")),+envir=.GlobalEnv)
}|code-block|syntax|javascript|882891|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

How about this?

<pre><code># Removes all objects except the specified &amp; the function itself.

rme &lt;- function(except=NULL){
 except = ifelse(is.character(except), except, deparse(substitute(except)))
 rm(list=setdiff(ls(envir=.GlobalEnv), c(except,"rme")), envir=.GlobalEnv)
}
</code></pre>

blocks|key|665700|text|require(gdata)
keep(object_1,...,object_n,sure=TRUE)
ls()|type|code-block|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|syntax|javascript|665701|unstyled|entityMap^0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|G|8|@]|9|@]|A|$B|C]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|E|7|H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|F|$]]

<pre><code>require(gdata)
keep(object_1,...,object_n,sure=TRUE)
ls()
</code></pre>

blocks|key|665737|text|假设您想要从环境中删除除df之外的所有对象：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|665738|rm(list+=+ls(pattern="[%5Edf]"))|code-block|syntax|javascript|665739|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

assuming you want to remove every object except df from environment:

<pre><code>rm(list = ls(pattern="[^df]"))
</code></pre>

blocks|key|665778|text|让我们以不同的方式思考，如果我们想要删除一个组呢？尝尝这个,|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|665779|+rm(list=ls()[grep("xxx",ls())])+|code-block|syntax|javascript|665780|就我个人而言，我不喜欢屏幕上有太多的表格和变量，但我无法避免使用它们。所以我以"xxx“开头命名这些临时的东西，这样我就可以在它不再使用的时候删除它们。|665781|entityMap^0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|L|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|M|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|-4|5|6|7|N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|J|$]]

let's think in different way, what if we wanna remove a group?
try this,

<pre><code> rm(list=ls()[grep("xxx",ls())]) 
</code></pre>

I personally don't like too many tables, variables on my screen, yet I can't avoid using them. So I name the temporary things starting with "xxx", so I can remove them after it is no longer used.

blocks|key|883036|text|以下操作将从控制台中删除所有对象|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|883037|rm(list+=+ls())|code-block|syntax|javascript|883038|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

The following will remove all the objects from your console

<pre><code>rm(list = ls())
</code></pre>

blocks|key|883043|text|#+remove+all+objects+but+selected
rm(list+=+ls()[which("key_function"+!=+ls())])|type|code-block|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|syntax|javascript|883044|unstyled|entityMap^0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|G|8|@]|9|@]|A|$B|C]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|E|7|H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|F|$]]

<pre><code># remove all objects but selected
rm(list = ls()[which("key_function" != ls())])
</code></pre>

I have a workspace with lots of objects and I would like to remove all but one. Ideally I would like to avoid having to type <code>rm(obj.1, obj.2... obj.n)</code>. Is it possible to indicate <code>remove all objects but these ones</code>?

How can I remove all objects but one from the workspace in R?

我有一个包含许多对象的工作区，我想删除除一个对象之外的所有对象。理想情况下，我希望避免必须键入rm(obj.1, obj.2... obj.n)。是否可以指出remove all objects but these ones

问如何从R中的工作区中删除除一个对象之外的所有对象？
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