这是一个经常在StackOverflow上发布的问题的典型问题。
我正在学习一个教程。我已经使用向导创建了一个新的活动。当我试图在我的activity onCreate()
中通过findViewById()
获取的View
上调用一个方法时,我得到了NullPointerException
。
活动onCreate()
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
View something = findViewById(R.id.something);
something.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { ... }); // NPE HERE
if (savedInstanceState == null) {
getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction()
.add(R.id.container, new PlaceholderFragment()).commit();
}
}
布局XML (fragment_main.xml
):
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
tools:context="packagename.MainActivity$PlaceholderFragment" >
<View
android:layout_width="100dp"
android:layout_height="100dp"
android:id="@+id/something" />
</RelativeLayout>
发布于 2014-05-14 19:44:43
本教程可能已经过时了,它试图创建一个基于活动的UI,而不是向导生成的代码所首选的基于片段的UI。
视图在片段布局(fragment_main.xml
)中,而不在活动布局(activity_main.xml
)中。onCreate()
在生命周期中太早,无法在activity视图层次结构中找到它,因此会返回一个null
。在null
上调用方法会导致NPE。
首选的解决方案是将代码移动到片段onCreateView()
,在膨胀的片段布局rootView
上调用findViewById()
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
Bundle savedInstanceState) {
View rootView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_main, container,
false);
View something = rootView.findViewById(R.id.something); // not activity findViewById()
something.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { ... });
return rootView;
}
作为附注,片段布局最终将成为活动视图层次结构的一部分,并可通过activity findViewById()
发现,但仅在运行片段事务之后。挂起的片段事务在onCreate()
之后在super.onStart()
中执行。
发布于 2017-04-06 00:35:16
尝试将访问视图转换为onViewCreated方法的fragment,因为有时当您尝试访问onCreate方法中的视图时,它们不会同时呈现,从而导致空指针异常。
@Override
public void onViewCreated(View view, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState);
View something = findViewById(R.id.something);
something.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { ... }); // NPE HERE
if (savedInstanceState == null) {
getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction()
.add(R.id.container, new PlaceholderFragment()).commit();
}
}
发布于 2014-07-02 17:29:54
同意,这是一个典型的错误,因为当人们开始开发Android时,他们通常并不真正了解碎片是如何工作的。为了减少混淆,我创建了一个简单的示例代码,我最初在Application is stopped in android emulator上发布了它,但我也在这里发布了它。
下面是一个示例:
public class ContainerActivity extends FragmentActivity implements ExampleFragment.Callback
{
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle saveInstanceState)
{
super.onCreate(saveInstanceState);
this.setContentView(R.layout.activity_container);
if (saveInstanceState == null)
{
getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction()
.add(R.id.activity_container_container, new ExampleFragment())
.addToBackStack(null)
.commit();
}
getSupportFragmentManager().addOnBackStackChangedListener(new OnBackStackChangedListener()
{
public void onBackStackChanged()
{
int backCount = getSupportFragmentManager().getBackStackEntryCount();
if (backCount == 0)
{
finish();
}
}
});
}
@Override
public void exampleFragmentCallback()
{
Toast.makeText(this, "Hello!", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
}
activity_container.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical" >
<FrameLayout
android:id="@+id/activity_container_container"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent" />
</RelativeLayout>
ExampleFragment:
public class ExampleFragment extends Fragment implements View.OnClickListener
{
public static interface Callback
{
void exampleFragmentCallback();
}
private Button btnOne;
private Button btnTwo;
private Button btnThree;
private Callback callback;
@Override
public void onAttach(Activity activity)
{
super.onAttach(activity);
try
{
this.callback = (Callback) activity;
}
catch (ClassCastException e)
{
Log.e(this.getClass().getSimpleName(), "Activity must implement Callback interface.", e);
throw e;
}
}
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
View rootView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_example, container, false);
btnOne = (Button) rootView.findViewById(R.id.example_button_one);
btnTwo = (Button) rootView.findViewById(R.id.example_button_two);
btnThree = (Button) rootView.findViewById(R.id.example_button_three);
btnOne.setOnClickListener(this);
btnTwo.setOnClickListener(this);
btnThree.setOnClickListener(this);
return rootView;
}
@Override
public void onClick(View v)
{
if (btnOne == v)
{
Toast.makeText(getActivity(), "One.", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
else if (btnTwo == v)
{
Toast.makeText(getActivity(), "Two.", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
else if (btnThree == v)
{
callback.exampleFragmentCallback();
}
}
}
fragment_example.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent" >
<Button
android:id="@+id/example_button_one"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
android:layout_marginTop="30dp"
android:text="@string/hello"
android:layout_marginLeft="20dp"
android:layout_marginRight="20dp"/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/example_button_two"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_alignLeft="@+id/example_button_one"
android:layout_alignRight="@+id/example_button_one"
android:layout_below="@+id/example_button_one"
android:layout_marginTop="30dp"
android:text="@string/hello" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/example_button_three"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_alignLeft="@+id/example_button_two"
android:layout_alignRight="@+id/example_button_two"
android:layout_below="@+id/example_button_two"
android:layout_marginTop="30dp"
android:text="@string/hello" />
</RelativeLayout>
这应该是一个有效的示例,它展示了如何使用活动来显示片段,以及如何处理片段中的事件。以及如何与包含活动进行通信。
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/23653778
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