blocks|key|1739063|text|在Windows上显示GCC定义：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1739064|gcc+-dM+-E+-+<NUL:|code-block|syntax|javascript|1739065|在Linux上：|1739066|gcc+-dM+-E+-+</dev/null|1739067|MinGW中的预定义宏：|1739068|WIN32+_WIN32+__WIN32+__WIN32__+__MINGW32__+WINNT+__WINNT+__WINNT__+_X86_+i386+__i386|1739069|在UNIXes上：|1739070|unix+__unix__+__unix|1739071|entityMap^0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|U|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|V|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|W|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|J|5|D|7|X|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|Y|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|D|7|Z|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|O|3|P|5|6|7|10|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|Q|3|R|5|D|7|11|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|S|3|-4|5|6|7|12|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|T|$]]

show GCC defines on Windows:

<pre><code>gcc -dM -E - &lt;NUL:
</code></pre>

on Linux:

<pre><code>gcc -dM -E - &lt;/dev/null
</code></pre>

Predefined macros in MinGW:

<pre><code>WIN32 _WIN32 __WIN32 __WIN32__ __MINGW32__ WINNT __WINNT __WINNT__ _X86_ i386 __i386
</code></pre>

on UNIXes:

<pre><code>unix __unix__ __unix
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1523962|text|在大多数情况下，最好检查给定的功能是否存在。例如:函数pipe()是否存在。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|1523963|entityMap^0|R|6|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|H|8|@$9|I|A|J|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|G|$]]

In most cases it is better to check whether a given functionality is present or not. For example: if the function <code>pipe()</code> exists or not.

blocks|key|1524064|text|#ifdef+_WIN32
//+do+something+for+windows+like+include+<windows.h>
#elif+defined+__unix__
//+do+something+for+unix+like+include+<unistd.h>
#elif+defined+__APPLE__
//+do+something+for+mac
#endif|type|code-block|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|syntax|javascript|1524065|unstyled|entityMap^0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|G|8|@]|9|@]|A|$B|C]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|E|7|H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|F|$]]

<pre><code>#ifdef _WIN32
// do something for windows like include &lt;windows.h&gt;
#elif defined __unix__
// do something for unix like include &lt;unistd.h&gt;
#elif defined __APPLE__
// do something for mac
#endif
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1524006|text|没有根据C标准设置的标准宏。一些C编译器会在一些平台上设置一个宏(例如，苹果打补丁的GCC设置了一个宏，表明它是在苹果系统上为达尔文平台编译的)。你的平台和/或你的C编译器可能也会设置一些东西，但是没有通用的方法。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1524007|正如hayalci所说，最好在构建过程中以某种方式设置这些宏。使用大多数编译器都可以轻松定义宏，而无需修改代码。您可以简单地将-D+MACRO传递给GCC，即|offset|length|style|CODE|1524008|gcc+-D+Windows
gcc+-D+UNIX|code-block|syntax|javascript|1524009|在你的代码中：|1524010|#if+defined(Windows)
//+do+some+cool+Windows+stuff
#elif+defined(UNIX)
//+do+some+cool+Unix+stuff
#else
#++++error+Unsupported+operating+system
#endif|1524011|entityMap^0|0|1R|8|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|S|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|T|8|@$D|U|E|V|F|G]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|J|7|W|8|@]|9|@]|A|$K|L]]|$1|M|3|N|5|6|7|X|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|O|3|P|5|J|7|Y|8|@]|9|@]|A|$K|L]]|$1|Q|3|-4|5|6|7|Z|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|R|$]]

There is no standard macro that is set according to C standard. Some C compilers will set one on some platforms (e.g. Apple's patched GCC sets a macro to indicate that it is compiling on an Apple system and for the Darwin platform). Your platform and/or your C compiler might set something as well, but there is no general way.

Like hayalci said, it's best to have these macros set in your build process somehow. It is easy to define a macro with most compilers without modifying the code. You can simply pass <code>-D MACRO</code> to GCC, i.e.

<pre class="lang-none prettyprint-override"><code>gcc -D Windows
gcc -D UNIX
</code></pre>

And in your code:

<pre class="lang-none prettyprint-override"><code>#if defined(Windows)
// do some cool Windows stuff
#elif defined(UNIX)
// do some cool Unix stuff
#else
# error Unsupported operating system
#endif
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1739155|text|在MinGW上，_WIN32定义检查不起作用。这里有一个解决方案：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|1739156|#if+defined(_WIN32)+%7C%7C+defined(__CYGWIN__)
++++//+Windows+(x86+or+x64)
++++//+...
#elif+defined(__linux__)
++++//+Linux
++++//+...
#elif+defined(__APPLE__)+&&+defined(__MACH__)
++++//+Mac+OS
++++//+...
#elif+defined(unix)+%7C%7C+defined(__unix__)+%7C%7C+defined(__unix)
++++//+Unix+like+OS
++++//+...
#else
++++#error+Unknown+environment!
#endif|code-block|syntax|javascript|1739157|如需更多信息，请访问：https://sourceforge.net/p/predef/wiki/OperatingSystems/|1739158|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://sourceforge.net/p/predef/wiki/OperatingSystems/^0|8|6|0|0|B|1J|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|U|8|@$9|V|A|W|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|X|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|Y|8|@]|D|@$9|Z|A|10|1|11]]|E|$]]|$1|M|3|-4|5|6|7|12|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|N|$O|$5|P|Q|R|E|$S|T]]]]

On MinGW, the <code>_WIN32</code> define check isn't working. Here's a solution:

<pre><code>#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(__CYGWIN__)
 // Windows (x86 or x64)
 // ...
#elif defined(__linux__)
 // Linux
 // ...
#elif defined(__APPLE__) &amp;&amp; defined(__MACH__)
 // Mac OS
 // ...
#elif defined(unix) || defined(__unix__) || defined(__unix)
 // Unix like OS
 // ...
#else
 #error Unknown environment!
#endif
</code></pre>

For more information please look: <a href="https://sourceforge.net/p/predef/wiki/OperatingSystems/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://sourceforge.net/p/predef/wiki/OperatingSystems/</a>

blocks|key|1524109|text|对于外部引用，很抱歉，但我认为它适合您的问题：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1524110|C/C%2B%2B+tip:+How+to+detect+the+operating+system+type+using+compiler+predefined+macros|offset|length|1524111|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://web.archive.org/web/20191012035921/http://nadeausoftware.com/articles/2012/01/c_c_tip_how_use_compiler_predefined_macros_detect_operating_system^0|0|0|2B|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|O|8|@]|9|@$D|P|E|Q|1|R]]|A|$]]|$1|F|3|-4|5|6|7|S|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|G|$H|$5|I|J|K|A|$L|M]]]]

Sorry for the external reference, but I think it is suited to your question:
<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191012035921/http://nadeausoftware.com/articles/2012/01/c_c_tip_how_use_compiler_predefined_macros_detect_operating_system" rel="nofollow noreferrer">C/C++ tip: How to detect the operating system type using compiler predefined macros</a>

blocks|key|1738935|text|使用#define+OSsymbol和#ifdef+OSsymbol，其中OSsymbol是可用于标识目标操作系统的#define符号。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|1738936|通常，您将包含一个定义所选操作系统符号的中心头文件，并使用特定于操作系统的include和library目录来编译和构建。|1738937|您没有指定您的开发环境，但我非常确定您的编译器为通用平台和OSes提供了全局定义。|1738938|另请参阅http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/C_Programming/Preprocessor|1738939|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/C_Programming/Preprocessor^0|2|G|J|F|1M|7|0|0|0|4|1J|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|T|8|@$9|U|A|V|B|C]|$9|W|A|X|B|C]|$9|Y|A|Z|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|10|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|6|7|11|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|J|3|K|5|6|7|12|8|@]|D|@$9|13|A|14|1|15]]|E|$]]|$1|L|3|-4|5|6|7|16|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|M|$N|$5|O|P|Q|E|$R|S]]]]

Use <code>#define OSsymbol</code> and <code>#ifdef OSsymbol</code>
where OSsymbol is a <code>#define</code>'able symbol identifying your target OS.

Typically you would include a central header file defining the selected OS symbol and use OS-specific include and library directories to compile and build.

You did not specify your development environment, but I'm pretty sure your compiler provides global defines for common platforms and OSes.

See also <a href="http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/C_Programming/Preprocessor" rel="nofollow noreferrer">http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/C_Programming/Preprocessor</a>

blocks|key|1739215|text|我在这里没有找到Haiku的定义。为了完整，Haiku-os的定义是简单的__HAIKU__|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|1739216|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://www.haiku-os.org/^0|11|9|8|5|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|N|8|@$9|O|A|P|B|C]]|D|@$9|Q|A|R|1|S]]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|-4|5|6|7|T|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|G|$H|$5|I|J|K|E|$L|M]]]]

I did not find <a href="https://www.haiku-os.org" rel="nofollow noreferrer" title="Haiku">Haiku</a> definition here. To be complete, Haiku-os definition is simple <code>__HAIKU__</code>

blocks|key|1738893|text|一些编译器会生成#定义，可以帮助你做到这一点。阅读编译器文档以确定它们是什么。MSVC定义了一个__WIN32__，GCC有一些你可以用touch+foo.h;+gcc+-dM+foo.h看到的|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|1738894|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/b0084kay.aspx|1|https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Preprocessor-Options.html^0|1C|9|1W|Q|13|4|0|1M|3|1|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|P|8|@$9|Q|A|R|B|C]|$9|S|A|T|B|C]]|D|@$9|U|A|V|1|W]|$9|X|A|Y|1|Z]]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|-4|5|6|7|10|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|G|$H|$5|I|J|K|E|$L|M]]|N|$5|I|J|K|E|$L|O]]]]

Some compilers will generate #defines that can help you with this. Read the compiler documentation to determine what they are. <a href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/b0084kay.aspx" rel="nofollow noreferrer">MSVC</a> defines one that's <code>__WIN32__</code>, <a href="https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Preprocessor-Options.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">GCC</a> has some you can see with <code>touch foo.h; gcc -dM foo.h</code>

blocks|key|1524261|text|我写了一个small+library来获取你所在的操作系统，它可以使用clib+(C包管理器)安装，所以使用它作为你的项目的依赖项非常简单。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|1524262|安装|1524263|$+clib+install+abranhe/os.c|code-block|syntax|javascript|1524264|用法|1524265|#include+<stdio.h>
#include+"os.h"

int+main()
{
++++printf("%25s\n",+operating_system());
++++//+macOS
++++return+0;
}|1524266|它返回一个字符串(char*)，其中包含您正在使用的操作系统的名称，有关此项目的更多信息，请查看the+documentation+on+Github。|style|CODE|1524267|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://github.com/abranhe/os.c|1|https://clibs.org/|2|https://github.com/abranhe/os.c/blob/master/readme.md#api^0|5|D|0|Z|4|1|0|0|0|0|0|9|5|1C|R|2|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|14|8|@]|9|@$A|15|B|16|1|17]|$A|18|B|19|1|1A]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|1B|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|1C|8|@]|9|@]|C|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|1D|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|H|7|1E|8|@]|9|@]|C|$I|J]]|$1|O|3|P|5|6|7|1F|8|@$A|1G|B|1H|Q|R]]|9|@$A|1I|B|1J|1|1K]]|C|$]]|$1|S|3|-4|5|6|7|1L|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|T|$U|$5|V|W|X|C|$Y|Z]]|10|$5|V|W|X|C|$Y|11]]|12|$5|V|W|X|C|$Y|13]]]]

I wrote an <a href="https://github.com/abranhe/os.c" rel="nofollow noreferrer">small library</a> to get the operating system you are on, it can be installed using <a href="https://clibs.org" rel="nofollow noreferrer">clib</a> (The C package manager), so it is really simple to use it as a dependency for your projects.

<h3>Install</h3>

<pre><code>$ clib install abranhe/os.c
</code></pre>

<h3>Usage</h3>

<pre><code>#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;
#include "os.h"

int main()
{
 printf("%s\n", operating_system());
 // macOS
 return 0;
}
</code></pre>

It returns a string (<code>char*</code>) with the name of the operating system you are using, for further information about this project check it out <a href="https://github.com/abranhe/os.c/blob/master/readme.md#api" rel="nofollow noreferrer">the documentation on Github</a>.

I need my code to do different things based on the operating system on which it gets compiled. I'm looking for something like this:

<pre><code>#ifdef OSisWindows
// do Windows-specific stuff
#else
// do Unix-specific stuff
#endif
</code></pre>

Is there a way to do this? Is there a better way to do the same thing?

How do I check OS with a preprocessor directive?

包管理器

编译器

Windows

Linux

Unix

我需要我的代码来做不同的事情，基于它被编译的操作系统。我在找这样的东西：#ifdef OSisWindows// do Windows-specific stuff#else// do Unix-specific stuff#endif有没有办法做到这一点？有没有更好的方法来做同样的事情？

问如何使用预处理器指令检查操作系统？
EN

回答 10

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