问如何在docker中使环境变量在容器构建时和运行时可用？

EN

version: "3.7"
services:
  app:
    container_name: frontend
    build: 
      context: .
      args:
        - API_URL=http://path-to-my-external-api-url
        - NEXT_PUBLIC_CLIENT_API_URL=http://path-to-my-external-api-url
    environment:
      - NODE_ENV=production
      - API_URL=http://path-to-my-external-api-url
      - NEXT_PUBLIC_CLIENT_API_URL=http://path-to-my-external-api-url
    ports:
      - "3000:3000"
  nginx:
    depends_on: 
      - app
    container_name: frontend-nginx
    build: ./nginx
    ports:
      - "8080:8080"

...
FROM node:14-alpine AS builder
WORKDIR /app
COPY ./app .
COPY --from=deps /app/node_modules ./node_modules
ARG API_URL
ARG NEXT_PUBLIC_CLIENT_API_URL
ENV API_URL=${API_URL}
ENV NEXT_PUBLIC_CLIENT_API_URL=${NEXT_PUBLIC_CLIENT_API_URL}
RUN npm run build
...

...
Build and Push App:
  image: docker:19.03.5
  services:
    - docker:19.03.5-dind
  stage: Build and Push
  script:
    - apk add python3
    - pip3 install awscli
    - docker build --compress -t $ECR_REPO:$CI_COMMIT_SHORT_SHA .
    - $(aws ecr get-login --no-include-email --region ap-south-1)
    - docker push $ECR_REPO:$CI_COMMIT_SHORT_SHA
    - docker tag $ECR_REPO:$CI_COMMIT_SHORT_SHA $ECR_REPO:latest
    - docker push $ECR_REPO:latest
  rules:
    - if: '$CI_COMMIT_BRANCH =~ /^(main|production)$/'
...