在GHC中编译此程序时:
import Control.Monad
f x = let
g y = let
h z = liftM not x
in h 0
in g 0
我收到一个错误:
test.hs:5:21:
Could not deduce (m ~ m1)
from the context (Monad m)
bound by the inferred type of f :: Monad m => m Bool -> m Bool
at test.hs:(3,1)-(7,8)
or from (m Bool ~ m1 Bool, Monad m1)
bound by the inferred type of
h :: (m Bool ~ m1 Bool, Monad m1) => t1 -> m1 Bool
at test.hs:5:5-21
`m' is a rigid type variable bound by
the inferred type of f :: Monad m => m Bool -> m Bool
at test.hs:3:1
`m1' is a rigid type variable bound by
the inferred type of
h :: (m Bool ~ m1 Bool, Monad m1) => t1 -> m1 Bool
at test.hs:5:5
Expected type: m1 Bool
Actual type: m Bool
In the second argument of `liftM', namely `x'
In the expression: liftM not x
In an equation for `h': h z = liftM not x
为什么?此外,为f
(f :: Monad m => m Bool -> m Bool
)提供显式类型签名可以消除错误。但根据错误消息,这与Haskell自动为f
推断的类型完全相同!
发布于 2013-07-21 04:07:10
实际上,这非常简单。推断出的let
-bound变量类型被隐式地泛化为类型方案,因此在您的方式中有一个量词。h
的一般类型是:
h :: forall a m. (Monad m) => a -> m Bool
而f
的一般类型是:
f :: forall m. (Monad m) => m Bool -> m Bool
它们不是同一个m
。如果你写了下面的代码,你基本上会得到同样的错误:
f :: (Monad m) => m Bool -> m Bool
f x = let
g y = let
h :: (Monad m) => a -> m Bool
h z = liftM not x
in h 0
in g 0
您可以通过启用“作用域类型变量”扩展来修复它:
{-# LANGUAGE ScopedTypeVariables #-}
f :: forall m. (Monad m) => m Bool -> m Bool
f x = let
g y = let
h :: a -> m Bool
h z = liftM not x
in h 0
in g 0
或者使用“单态本地绑定”扩展MonoLocalBinds
禁用let
-generalisation。
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/17765690
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