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问#include <windows.h>导致很多语法错误
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Stack Overflow用户

提问于 2014-06-12 21:53:11

回答 2查看 5.4K关注 0票数 2

我的程序使用Qt和OpenGL。它可以在Linux和Mac上正确编译。在windows上编译时，我需要#include windows.h才能使用OpenGL，代码如下：

#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64) || defined(WIN32) || defined(WIN64)
#include <windows.h>
#endif
#ifdef __APPLE__
#include <OpenGL/glu.h>
#include <GLUT/glut.h>
#else
#include <GL/glu.h>
#include <GL/glut.h>
#endif

但是，有很多错误消息，比如

 C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\shared\rpcdcep.h(167) : error C2146: syntax error : missing ')' before identifier 'PRPC_MESSAGE'
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\shared\rpcdcep.h(167) : error C2165: 'left-side modifier' : cannot modify pointers to data
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\shared\rpcdcep.h(167) : error C2513: 'void *' : no variable declared before '='
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\shared\rpcdcep.h(167) : error C2440: 'initializing' : cannot convert from 'std::ostream' to 'void *'
        No user-defined-conversion operator available that can perform this conversion, or the operator cannot be called
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\shared\rpcdcep.h(168) : error C2059: syntax error : ')'
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\shared\rpcdcep.h(226) : error C2146: syntax error : missing ')' before identifier 'RPC_MESSAGE'
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\shared\rpcdcep.h(226) : warning C4229: anachronism used : modifiers on data are ignored
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\shared\rpcdcep.h(226) : error C2491: 'I_RpcNegotiateTransferSyntax' : definition of dllimport data not allowed
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\shared\rpcdcep.h(227) : error C2059: syntax error : ')'
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\shared\rpcdcep.h(235) : error C2146: syntax error : missing ')' before identifier 'RPC_MESSAGE'
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\shared\rpcdcep.h(235) : warning C4229: anachronism used : modifiers on data are ignored
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\shared\rpcdcep.h(235) : error C2491: 'I_RpcGetBuffer' : definition of dllimport data not allowed
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\shared\rpcdcep.h(236) : error C2059: syntax error : ')'
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\shared\rpcdcep.h(242) : error C2146: syntax error : missing ')' before identifier 'RPC_MESSAGE'
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\shared\rpcdcep.h(242) : warning C4229: anachronism used : modifiers on data are ignored
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\shared\rpcdcep.h(242) : error C2491: 'I_RpcGetBufferWithObject' : definition of dllimport data not allowed
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\shared\rpcdcep.h(244) : error C2059: syntax error : ')'
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\shared\rpcdcep.h(251) : error C2146: syntax error : missing ')' before identifier 'RPC_MESSAGE'
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\shared\rpcdcep.h(251) : warning C4229: anachronism used : modifiers on data are ignored
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\shared\rpcdcep.h(251) : error C2491: 'I_RpcSendReceive' : definition of dllimport data not allowed
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\shared\rpcdcep.h(252) : error C2059: syntax error : ')'
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\shared\rpcdcep.h(259) : error C2146: syntax error : missing ')' before identifier 'RPC_MESSAGE'
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\shared\rpcdcep.h(259) : warning C4229: anachronism used : modifiers on data are ignored
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\shared\rpcdcep.h(259) : error C2491: 'I_RpcFreeBuffer' : definition of dllimport data not allowed
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\shared\rpcdcep.h(260) : error C2059: syntax error : ')'
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\shared\rpcdcep.h(267) : error C2146: syntax error : missing ')' before identifier 'PRPC_MESSAGE'
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\shared\rpcdcep.h(267) : warning C4229: anachronism used : modifiers on data are ignored
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\shared\rpcdcep.h(267) : error C2491: 'I_RpcSend' : definition of dllimport data not allowed
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\shared\rpcdcep.h(268) : error C2059: syntax error : ')'
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\shared\rpcdcep.h(275) : error C2146: syntax error : missing ')' before identifier 'PRPC_MESSAGE'
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\shared\rpcdcep.h(275) : warning C4229: anachronism used : modifiers on data are ignored
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\shared\rpcdcep.h(275) : error C2491: 'I_RpcReceive' : definition of dllimport data not allowed
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\shared\rpcdcep.h(277) : error C2059: syntax error : ')'
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\shared\rpcdcep.h(284) : error C2146: syntax error : missing ')' before identifier 'RPC_MESSAGE'
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\shared\rpcdcep.h(284) : warning C4229: anachronism used : modifiers on data are ignored
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\shared\rpcdcep.h(284) : error C2491: 'I_RpcFreePipeBuffer' : definition of dllimport data not allowed
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\shared\rpcdcep.h(285) : error C2059: syntax error : ')'
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\shared\rpcdcep.h(302) : error C2146: syntax error : missing ')' before identifier 'I_RPC_MUTEX'
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\shared\rpcdcep.h(302) : warning C4229: anachronism used : modifiers on data are ignored
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\shared\rpcdcep.h(302) : error C2182: 'I_RpcRequestMutex' : illegal use of type 'void'
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\shared\rpcdcep.h(302) : error C2491: 'I_RpcRequestMutex' : definition of dllimport data not allowed
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\shared\rpcdcep.h(303) : error C2059: syntax error : ')'
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\shared\rpcdcep.h(438) : error C2061: syntax error : identifier 'cout'
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\shared\rpcdcep.h(453) : error C2061: syntax error : identifier 'cout'
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\shared\rpcdcep.h(479) : error C2061: syntax error : identifier 'cout'
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\shared\rpcdcep.h(487) : error C2061: syntax error : identifier 'cout'
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\shared\rpcdcep.h(534) : error C2061: syntax error : identifier 'cout'
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\shared\rpcdcep.h(542) : error C2061: syntax error : identifier 'cout'
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\shared\rpcdcep.h(728) : error C2061: syntax error : identifier 'cout'
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\shared\rpcdcep.h(744) : error C2061: syntax error : identifier 'cout'
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\shared\rpcdcep.h(754) : error C2146: syntax error : missing ')' before identifier 'UUID'
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\shared\rpcdcep.h(754) : warning C4229: anachronism used : modifiers on data are ignored
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\shared\rpcdcep.h(754) : error C2491: 'I_UuidCreate' : definition of dllimport data not allowed
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\shared\rpcdcep.h(755) : error C2059: syntax error : ')'
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\shared\rpcdcep.h(763) : error C2061: syntax error : identifier 'cout'
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\shared\rpcdcep.h(771) : error C2061: syntax error : identifier 'cout'
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\shared\rpcdcep.h(779) : error C2061: syntax error : identifier 'cout'
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\shared\rpcdcep.h(838) : error C2061: syntax error : identifier 'cout'
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\shared\rpcdcep.h(848) : error C2061: syntax error : identifier 'cout'
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\shared\rpcdcep.h(873) : error C2144: syntax error : 'unsigned long' should be preceded by ')'
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\shared\rpcdcep.h(873) : error C2448: 'I_RpcConnectionInqSockBuffSize' : function-style initializer appears to be a function definition
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\shared\rpcdcep.h(874) : error C2144: syntax error : 'unsigned long' should be preceded by ';'
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\shared\rpcdcep.h(874) : fatal error C1903: unable to recover from previous error(s); stopping compilation

如果我没有#include windows.h，那么这些错误就不会出现。我使用的是VS2013和Qt 5.3。

opengl

c++

windows

回答 2

Stack Overflow用户

发布于 2014-06-13 01:49:08

Microsoft Windows上的OpenGL绑定到WGL，而WGL又绑定到GDI。

因此，如果不先包含一些定义GDI/Windows预处理器令牌(如WINGDIAPI和APIENTRY )的特定于Windows的头文件，就不能使用#include <gl/gl.h> (通过包含<GL/glu.h>来间接地完成此操作)。但这实际上是Windows上的任何OpenGL程序都绑定到特定于Windows的东西(标题)的程度。

WinDef.h定义了APIENTRY，WinGDI.h定义了WINGDIAPI --包括Windows.h都引入了这两个头文件(不幸的是还有很多其他垃圾文件)。因此，包含Windows.h在很大程度上是一种便利；要在Windows上最小限度地使用编译OpenGL软件，您应该先使用#include <WinDef.h>，然后是#include <WinGDI.h>，最后是#include <GL/gl.h>。

或者，您可以在#include <Windows.h>之前执行significantly，它将通过包含该标头来减少引入的不相关内容的数量。许多可视化C++项目在第一次创建时实际上默认定义了预处理器定义，您可能希望查看您的项目是否以这种方式配置。

票数 4

Stack Overflow用户

发布于 2014-06-12 23:33:19

windows.h在全局命名空间中充斥着大量的错误、矩形等糟糕的东西。

解决这个问题的一种方法是自己声明所需的函数(我猜这不是mutch的工作，因为您不需要超过10个函数)。您可以将包含文件命名为wgl.h或其他名称。

__declspec(dllimport) void* __stdcall wglCreateContext(void* hdc);
//... Other functions you need

OpenGL API是在windows.h外部定义的，因此没有问题。

票数 0

页面原文内容由Stack Overflow提供。腾讯云小微IT领域专用引擎提供翻译支持

原文链接：

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/24186250

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