blocks|key|5216070|text|这些类最明显的名称是ReaderInputStream和WriterOutputStream。不幸的是，Java库中没有包含这些。然而，谷歌是你的朋友。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|5216071|我不确定它是否能解决所有的文本编码问题，这些问题都是噩梦。|5216072|There+is+an+RFE,，但它是关闭的，不会修复。|offset|length|5216073|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://bugs.sun.com/bugdatabase/view_bug.do?bug_id=4103785^0|0|0|0|G|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|R|8|@]|9|@$F|S|G|T|1|U]]|A|$]]|$1|H|3|-4|5|6|7|V|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|I|$J|$5|K|L|M|A|$N|O]]]]

The obvious names for these classes are ReaderInputStream and WriterOutputStream. Unfortunately these are not included in the Java library. However, google is your friend.

I'm not sure that it is going to get around all text encoding problems, which are nightmarish.

<a href="http://bugs.sun.com/bugdatabase/view_bug.do?bug_id=4103785" rel="noreferrer">There is an RFE,</a> but it's Closed, will not fix.

blocks|key|733011|text|您无法真正避免处理文本编码问题，但Apache+Commons中有现有的解决方案：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|733012|733013|Reader+to+WriterOutputStream|unordered-list-item|offset|length|style|CODE|733014|：ReaderInputStream|733015|Writer+to+InputStream：OutputStream|733016|733017|您只需要选择您选择的编码。|733018|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-io/javadocs/api-release/org/apache/commons/io/output/WriterOutputStream.html|1|https://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-io/javadocs/api-release/org/apache/commons/io/input/ReaderInputStream.html^0|0|0|0|6|A|I|A|I|0|0|1|H|1|H|1|0|0|6|A|B|M|C|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|10|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|-4|5|6|7|11|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|C|3|D|5|E|7|12|8|@$F|13|G|14|H|I]|$F|15|G|16|H|I]]|9|@$F|17|G|18|1|19]]|A|$]]|$1|J|3|K|5|6|7|1A|8|@$F|1B|G|1C|H|I]]|9|@$F|1D|G|1E|1|1F]]|A|$]]|$1|L|3|M|5|E|7|1G|8|@$F|1H|G|1I|H|I]|$F|1J|G|1K|H|I]|$F|1L|G|1M|H|I]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|N|3|-4|5|6|7|1N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|O|3|P|5|6|7|1O|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|Q|3|-4|5|6|7|1P|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|R|$S|$5|T|U|V|A|$W|X]]|Y|$5|T|U|V|A|$W|Z]]]]

You can't really avoid dealing with the text encoding issues, but there are existing solutions in Apache Commons:

<ul>
<li><code>Reader</code> to <code>InputStream</code>: <a href="https://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-io/javadocs/api-release/org/apache/commons/io/input/ReaderInputStream.html" rel="noreferrer"><code>ReaderInputStream</code></a></li>
<li><code>Writer</code> to <code>OutputStream</code>: <a href="https://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-io/javadocs/api-release/org/apache/commons/io/output/WriterOutputStream.html" rel="noreferrer"><code>WriterOutputStream</code></a></li>
</ul>

You just need to pick the encoding of your choice.

blocks|key|5216183|text|您是否正在尝试将Reader的内容写入OutputStream？如果是这样，您将更容易地将OutputStream包装在OutputStreamWriter中并将char从Reader写入Writer，而不是试图将阅读器转换为InputStream|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|5216184|final+Writer+writer+=+new+BufferedWriter(new+OutputStreamWriter(+urlConnection.getOutputStream(),+"UTF-8"+)+);
int+charsRead;
char[]+cbuf+=+new+char[1024];
while+((charsRead+=+data.read(cbuf))+!=+-1)+{
++++writer.write(cbuf,+0,+charsRead);
}
writer.flush();
//+don't+forget+to+close+the+writer+in+a+finally+{}+block|code-block|syntax|javascript|5216185|entityMap^0|8|6|J|C|19|C|1O|I|29|4|2E|6|2M|6|35|B|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|M|8|@$9|N|A|O|B|C]|$9|P|A|Q|B|C]|$9|R|A|S|B|C]|$9|T|A|U|B|C]|$9|V|A|W|B|C]|$9|X|A|Y|B|C]|$9|Z|A|10|B|C]|$9|11|A|12|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|13|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|-4|5|6|7|14|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|L|$]]

Are you trying to write the contents of a <code>Reader</code> to an <code>OutputStream</code>? If so, you'll have an easier time wrapping the <code>OutputStream</code> in an <code>OutputStreamWriter</code> and write the <code>char</code>s from the <code>Reader</code> to the <code>Writer</code>, instead of trying to convert the reader to an <code>InputStream</code>:

<pre><code>final Writer writer = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter( urlConnection.getOutputStream(), "UTF-8" ) );
int charsRead;
char[] cbuf = new char[1024];
while ((charsRead = data.read(cbuf)) != -1) {
 writer.write(cbuf, 0, charsRead);
}
writer.flush();
// don't forget to close the writer in a finally {} block
</code></pre>

blocks|key|5216226|text|另请注意，如果您从字符串开始，则可以跳过创建StringReader，只需一步即可使用Commons+IO中的org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils创建InputStream，如下所示：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|5216227|InputStream+myInputStream+=+IOUtils.toInputStream(reportContents,+"UTF-8");|code-block|syntax|javascript|5216228|当然，您仍然需要考虑文本编码，但至少转换发生在一个步骤中。|5216229|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://commons.apache.org/io/^0|17|A|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|S|8|@]|9|@$A|T|B|U|1|V]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|F|7|W|8|@]|9|@]|C|$G|H]]|$1|I|3|J|5|6|7|X|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|K|3|-4|5|6|7|Y|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|L|$M|$5|N|O|P|C|$Q|R]]]]

Also note that, if you're starting off with a String, you can skip creating a StringReader and create an InputStream in one step using org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils from <a href="http://commons.apache.org/io/" rel="noreferrer">Commons IO</a> like so:

<pre><code>InputStream myInputStream = IOUtils.toInputStream(reportContents, "UTF-8");
</code></pre>

Of course you still need to think about the text encoding, but at least the conversion is happening in one step.

blocks|key|3806003|text|如果从字符串开始，还可以执行以下操作：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|3806004|new+ByteArrayInputStream(inputString.getBytes("UTF-8"))|code-block|syntax|javascript|3806005|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

If you are starting off with a String you can also do the following:

<pre><code>new ByteArrayInputStream(inputString.getBytes("UTF-8"))
</code></pre>

blocks|key|2960747|text|commons-io+2.0有WriterOutputStream|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|2960748|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://commons.apache.org/io/|1|https://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-io/javadocs/api-release/org/apache/commons/io/output/WriterOutputStream.html^0|F|I|0|E|0|F|I|1|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|P|8|@$9|Q|A|R|B|C]]|D|@$9|S|A|T|1|U]|$9|V|A|W|1|X]]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|-4|5|6|7|Y|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|G|$H|$5|I|J|K|E|$L|M]]|N|$5|I|J|K|E|$L|O]]]]

<a href="http://commons.apache.org/io/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">commons-io 2.0</a> has <a href="https://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-io/javadocs/api-release/org/apache/commons/io/output/WriterOutputStream.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><code>WriterOutputStream</code></a>

blocks|key|5216334|text|您无法避免文本编码问题，但是Apache+commons-io有|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|5216335|5216336|ReaderInputStream|unordered-list-item|5216337|WriterOutputStream|5216338|5216339|请注意，这些是Peter对koders.com的回答中提到的库，只是指向库的链接，而不是源代码。|5216340|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://commons.apache.org/io/|1|https://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-io/javadocs/api-release/org/apache/commons/io/input/ReaderInputStream.html|2|https://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-io/javadocs/api-release/org/apache/commons/io/output/WriterOutputStream.html^0|E|H|0|0|0|0|H|1|0|0|I|2|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|Y|8|@]|9|@$A|Z|B|10|1|11]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|12|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|E|3|F|5|G|7|13|8|@]|9|@$A|14|B|15|1|16]]|C|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|G|7|17|8|@]|9|@$A|18|B|19|1|1A]]|C|$]]|$1|J|3|-4|5|6|7|1B|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|1C|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|M|3|-4|5|6|7|1D|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|N|$O|$5|P|Q|R|C|$S|T]]|U|$5|P|Q|R|C|$S|V]]|W|$5|P|Q|R|C|$S|X]]]]

You can't avoid text encoding issues, but <a href="http://commons.apache.org/io/" rel="nofollow">Apache commons-io</a> has

<ul>
<li><a href="https://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-io/javadocs/api-release/org/apache/commons/io/input/ReaderInputStream.html" rel="nofollow">ReaderInputStream</a></li>
<li><a href="https://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-io/javadocs/api-release/org/apache/commons/io/output/WriterOutputStream.html" rel="nofollow">WriterOutputStream</a></li>
</ul>

Note these are the libraries referred to in Peter's answer of koders.com, just links to the library instead of source code.

blocks|key|2960838|text|Reader处理字符，InputStream处理字节。编码指定了您希望如何将字符表示为字节，因此您不能真正忽略这个问题。至于避免问题，我的意见是:选择一个字符集(例如"UTF-8")并坚持使用它。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|2960839|关于如何实际做到这一点，正如前面所指出的，“这些类的明显名称是ReaderInputStream和WriterOutputStream__.”令人惊讶的是，“这些并不包括在Java库中”，尽管“相反”的类，InputStreamReader和OutputStreamWriter+都包含在中。|offset|length|style|BOLD|2960840|因此，很多人提出了他们自己的实现，包括Apache+Commons+IO。根据许可问题，您可能会在项目中包含commons-io库，或者甚至复制一部分源代码(可从here下载)。|2960841|2960842|Apache+ReaderInputStream：API+/+source+code+direct+link|unordered-list-item|2960843|Apache+WriterOutputStream：API+/+source+code+direct+link|2960844|2960845|正如您所看到的，这两个类的文档都声明“JRE支持的所有字符集编码都得到了正确处理”。|2960846|注:这里的另一个答案的评论提到了this+bug。但这会影响Apache++ReaderInputStream类(here)，而不会影响Apache++IO+ReaderInputStream类。|2960847|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://docs.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/io/InputStreamReader.html|1|http://docs.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/io/OutputStreamWriter.html|2|http://commons.apache.org/io/|3|http://commons.apache.org/io/download_io.cgi|4|https://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-io/javadocs/api-release/org/apache/commons/io/input/ReaderInputStream.html|5|https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/commons/_moved_to_git/io/tags/2.5/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/io/input/ReaderInputStream.java|6|https://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-io/javadocs/api-release/org/apache/commons/io/output/WriterOutputStream.html|7|https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/commons/_moved_to_git/io/tags/2.5/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/io/output/WriterOutputStream.java|8|https://issues.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=40455|9|https://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf?p=ant.git;a=blob_plain;f=src/main/org/apache/tools/ant/util/ReaderInputStream.java;hb=c11dcf20fa01d13c96a4017a734488ba763cc075^0|0|V|H|1D|I|3W|4|2V|H|0|3D|I|1|0|J|6|Q|A|2|29|4|3|0|0|P|3|4|V|N|5|0|Q|3|6|W|N|7|0|0|0|23|3|G|8|8|1L|4|9|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|1K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|1L|8|@$D|1M|E|1N|F|G]|$D|1O|E|1P|F|G]|$D|1Q|E|1R|F|G]]|9|@$D|1S|E|1T|1|1U]|$D|1V|E|1W|1|1X]]|A|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|6|7|1Y|8|@$D|1Z|E|20|F|G]]|9|@$D|21|E|22|1|23]|$D|24|E|25|1|26]]|A|$]]|$1|J|3|-4|5|6|7|27|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|K|3|L|5|M|7|28|8|@]|9|@$D|29|E|2A|1|2B]|$D|2C|E|2D|1|2E]]|A|$]]|$1|N|3|O|5|M|7|2F|8|@]|9|@$D|2G|E|2H|1|2I]|$D|2J|E|2K|1|2L]]|A|$]]|$1|P|3|-4|5|6|7|2M|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|Q|3|R|5|6|7|2N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|S|3|T|5|6|7|2O|8|@$D|2P|E|2Q|F|G]]|9|@$D|2R|E|2S|1|2T]|$D|2U|E|2V|1|2W]]|A|$]]|$1|U|3|-4|5|6|7|2X|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|V|$W|$5|X|Y|Z|A|$10|11]]|12|$5|X|Y|Z|A|$10|13]]|14|$5|X|Y|Z|A|$10|15]]|16|$5|X|Y|Z|A|$10|17]]|18|$5|X|Y|Z|A|$10|19]]|1A|$5|X|Y|Z|A|$10|1B]]|1C|$5|X|Y|Z|A|$10|1D]]|1E|$5|X|Y|Z|A|$10|1F]]|1G|$5|X|Y|Z|A|$10|1H]]|1I|$5|X|Y|Z|A|$10|1J]]]]

Well, a Reader deals with characters and an InputStream deals with bytes. The encoding specifies how you wish to represent your characters as bytes, so you can't really ignore the issue. As for avoiding problems, my opinion is: pick one charset (e.g. "UTF-8") and stick with it. 

Regarding how to actually do it, as has been pointed out, "the obvious names for these classes are ReaderInputStream and WriterOutputStream." Surprisingly, "these are not included in the Java library" even though the 'opposite' classes, <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/io/InputStreamReader.html" rel="noreferrer">InputStreamReader</a> and <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/io/OutputStreamWriter.html" rel="noreferrer">OutputStreamWriter</a> are included.

So, lots of people have come up with their own implementations, including Apache <a href="http://commons.apache.org/io/" rel="noreferrer">Commons IO</a>. Depending on licensing issues, you will probably be able to include the commons-io library in your project, or even copy a portion of the source code (which is downloadable <a href="http://commons.apache.org/io/download_io.cgi" rel="noreferrer">here</a>).

<ul>
<li>Apache ReaderInputStream: <a href="https://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-io/javadocs/api-release/org/apache/commons/io/input/ReaderInputStream.html" rel="noreferrer">API</a> / <a href="https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/commons/_moved_to_git/io/tags/2.5/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/io/input/ReaderInputStream.java" rel="noreferrer">source code direct link</a></li>
<li>Apache WriterOutputStream: <a href="https://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-io/javadocs/api-release/org/apache/commons/io/output/WriterOutputStream.html" rel="noreferrer">API</a> / <a href="https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/commons/_moved_to_git/io/tags/2.5/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/io/output/WriterOutputStream.java" rel="noreferrer">source code direct link</a></li>
</ul>

As you can see, both classes' documentation states that "all charset encodings supported by the JRE are handled correctly".

N.B. A comment on one of the other answers here mentions <a href="https://issues.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=40455" rel="noreferrer">this bug</a>. But that affects the Apache Ant ReaderInputStream class (<a href="https://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf?p=ant.git;a=blob_plain;f=src/main/org/apache/tools/ant/util/ReaderInputStream.java;hb=c11dcf20fa01d13c96a4017a734488ba763cc075" rel="noreferrer">here</a>), not the Apache Commons IO ReaderInputStream class.

blocks|key|2960912|text|使用WriterOutputStream时的警告-它并不总是正确地处理将二进制数据写入文件/与常规输出流相同。我对此有一个问题，我花了一段时间来追查。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|2960913|如果可以，我建议使用输出流作为基础，如果需要编写字符串，可以使用流周围的OUtputStreamWriter包装器来实现。将文本转换为字节要比将文本转换为字节可靠得多，这可能就是为什么WriterOutputStream不是标准Java库的一部分|2960914|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|F|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|G|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|E|$]]

A warning when using WriterOutputStream - it doesn't always handle writing binary data to a file properly/the same as a regular output stream. I had an issue with this that took me awhile to track down. 

If you can, I'd recommend using an output stream as your base, and if you need to write strings, use an OUtputStreamWriter wrapper around the stream to do it. It is far more reliable to convert text to bytes than the other way around, which is likely why WriterOutputStream is not a part of the standard Java library

blocks|key|3806344|text|使用：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|3806345|new+CharSequenceInputStream(html,+StandardCharsets.UTF_8);|code-block|syntax|javascript|3806346|这种方式不需要先转换为String，然后再转换为byte[]，后者在报告较大的情况下会分配更多的堆内存。当从StringBuffer读取流时，它会动态地转换为字节。|offset|length|style|CODE|3806347|它使用来自Apache+Commons+IO项目的CharSequenceInputStream。|3806348|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-io/javadocs/api-2.4/org/apache/commons/io/input/CharSequenceInputStream.html^0|0|0|B|6|O|6|0|P|N|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|W|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|X|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|Y|8|@$I|Z|J|10|K|L]|$I|11|J|12|K|L]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|6|7|13|8|@]|9|@$I|14|J|15|1|16]]|A|$]]|$1|O|3|-4|5|6|7|17|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|P|$Q|$5|R|S|T|A|$U|V]]]]

Use:

<pre><code>new CharSequenceInputStream(html, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
</code></pre>

This way does not require an upfront conversion to <code>String</code> and then to <code>byte[]</code>, which allocates lot more heap memory, in case the report is large. It converts to bytes on the fly as the stream is read, right from the StringBuffer.

It uses <a href="https://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-io/javadocs/api-2.4/org/apache/commons/io/input/CharSequenceInputStream.html" rel="noreferrer" title="CharSequenceInputStream">CharSequenceInputStream</a> from Apache Commons IO project.

blocks|key|2961072|text|用于使用java提供的内容来读取流中的字符串。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|2961073|InputStream+s+=+new+BufferedInputStream(+new+ReaderInputStream(+new+StringReader("a+string")));|code-block|syntax|javascript|2961074|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

For Reading a string in a stream using just what java supplies.

<pre><code>InputStream s = new BufferedInputStream( new ReaderInputStream( new StringReader("a string")));
</code></pre>

blocks|key|2961121|text|您可以使用Cactoos+(不使用静态方法，仅使用对象)：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|2961122|2961123|new+InputStreamOf(reader)|unordered-list-item|style|CODE|2961124|new+OutputStreamTo(writer)|2961125|2961126|您也可以通过另一种方式进行转换：|2961127|2961128|new+ReaderOf(inputStream)|2961129|new+WriterTo(outputStream)|2961130|2961131|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://www.cactoos.org/|1|http://static.javadoc.io/org.cactoos/cactoos/0.13.1/org/cactoos/io/InputStreamOf.html|2|http://static.javadoc.io/org.cactoos/cactoos/0.13.1/org/cactoos/io/OutputStreamTo.html|3|http://static.javadoc.io/org.cactoos/cactoos/0.13.1/org/cactoos/io/ReaderOf.html|4|http://static.javadoc.io/org.cactoos/cactoos/0.13.1/org/cactoos/io/WriterTo.html^0|5|7|0|0|0|0|P|0|P|1|0|0|Q|0|Q|2|0|0|0|0|0|P|0|P|3|0|0|Q|0|Q|4|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|1A|8|@]|9|@$A|1B|B|1C|1|1D]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|1E|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|E|3|F|5|G|7|1F|8|@$A|1G|B|1H|H|I]]|9|@$A|1I|B|1J|1|1K]]|C|$]]|$1|J|3|K|5|G|7|1L|8|@$A|1M|B|1N|H|I]]|9|@$A|1O|B|1P|1|1Q]]|C|$]]|$1|L|3|-4|5|6|7|1R|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|6|7|1S|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|O|3|-4|5|6|7|1T|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|P|3|Q|5|G|7|1U|8|@$A|1V|B|1W|H|I]]|9|@$A|1X|B|1Y|1|1Z]]|C|$]]|$1|R|3|S|5|G|7|20|8|@$A|21|B|22|H|I]]|9|@$A|23|B|24|1|25]]|C|$]]|$1|T|3|-4|5|6|7|26|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|U|3|-4|5|6|7|27|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|V|$W|$5|X|Y|Z|C|$10|11]]|12|$5|X|Y|Z|C|$10|13]]|14|$5|X|Y|Z|C|$10|15]]|16|$5|X|Y|Z|C|$10|17]]|18|$5|X|Y|Z|C|$10|19]]]]

You can use <a href="http://www.cactoos.org" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Cactoos</a> (no static methods, only objects):

<ul>
<li><a href="http://static.javadoc.io/org.cactoos/cactoos/0.13.1/org/cactoos/io/InputStreamOf.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><code>new InputStreamOf(reader)</code></a></li>
<li><a href="http://static.javadoc.io/org.cactoos/cactoos/0.13.1/org/cactoos/io/OutputStreamTo.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><code>new OutputStreamTo(writer)</code></a></li>
</ul>

You can convert the other way around too:

<ul>
<li><a href="http://static.javadoc.io/org.cactoos/cactoos/0.13.1/org/cactoos/io/ReaderOf.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><code>new ReaderOf(inputStream)</code></a></li>
<li><a href="http://static.javadoc.io/org.cactoos/cactoos/0.13.1/org/cactoos/io/WriterTo.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><code>new WriterTo(outputStream)</code></a></li>
</ul>

blocks|key|3806483|text|这是一个简单的基于UTF-8编码的WriterOutputStream和ReaderInputStream的源代码。最后进行了测试。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|3806484|++++//+https://www.woolha.com/tutorials/deno-utf-8-encoding-decoding-examples
++++public+class+WriterOutputStream+extends+OutputStream+{
++++++++final+Writer++++writer;

++++++++int+++++++++++++count+++++++=+0;
++++++++int+++++++++++++codepoint+++=+0;

++++++++public+WriterOutputStream(Writer+writer)+{
++++++++++++this.writer+=+writer;
++++++++}

++++++++@Override
++++++++public+void+write(int+b)+throws+IOException+{
++++++++++++b+&=+0xFF;
++++++++++++switch+(b+>>+4)+{
++++++++++++case+0b0000:
++++++++++++case+0b0001:
++++++++++++case+0b0010:
++++++++++++case+0b0011:
++++++++++++case+0b0100:
++++++++++++case+0b0101:
++++++++++++case+0b0110:
++++++++++++case+0b0111:
++++++++++++++++count+=+1;
++++++++++++++++codepoint+=+b;
++++++++++++++++break;

++++++++++++case+0b1000:
++++++++++++case+0b1001:
++++++++++++case+0b1010:
++++++++++++case+0b1011:
++++++++++++++++codepoint+<<=+6;
++++++++++++++++codepoint+%7C=+b+&+0b0011_1111;
++++++++++++++++break;

++++++++++++case+0b1100:
++++++++++++case+0b1101:
++++++++++++++++count+=+2;
++++++++++++++++codepoint+=+b+&+0b0001_1111;
++++++++++++++++break;

++++++++++++case+0b1110:
++++++++++++++++count+=+3;
++++++++++++++++codepoint+=+b+&+0b0000_1111;
++++++++++++++++break;

++++++++++++case+0b1111:
++++++++++++++++count+=+4;
++++++++++++++++codepoint+=+b+&+0b0000_0111;
++++++++++++++++break;
++++++++++++}
++++++++++++if+(--count+==+0)+{
++++++++++++++++writer.write(codepoint);
++++++++++++}
++++++++}
++++}

++++public+class+ReaderInputStream+extends+InputStream+{
++++++++final+Reader++++reader;
++++++++int+++++++++++++count+++=+0;
++++++++int+++++++++++++codepoint;

++++++++public+ReaderInputStream(Reader+reader)+{
++++++++++++this.reader+=+reader;
++++++++}

++++++++@Override
++++++++public+int+read()+throws+IOException+{
++++++++++++if+(count--+>+0)+{
++++++++++++++++int+r+=+codepoint+>>+(count+*+6);
++++++++++++++++r+&=+0b0011_1111;
++++++++++++++++r+%7C=+0b1000_0000;
++++++++++++++++return+r;
++++++++++++}

++++++++++++codepoint+=+reader.read();
++++++++++++if+(codepoint+<+0)
++++++++++++++++return+-1;
++++++++++++if+(codepoint+>+0xFFFF)
++++++++++++++++return+0;

++++++++++++if+(codepoint+<+0x80)
++++++++++++++++return+codepoint;

++++++++++++if+(codepoint+<+0x800)+{
++++++++++++++++count+=+1;
++++++++++++++++int+v+=+(codepoint+>>+6)+%7C+0b1100_0000;
++++++++++++++++return+v;
++++++++++++}
++++++++++++count+=+2;
++++++++++++int+v+=+(codepoint+>>+12)+%7C+0b1110_0000;
++++++++++++return+v;
++++++++}
++++}|code-block|syntax|javascript|3806485|测试用例验证这65536个字符中的每个字符是否都被正确编码和解码，以及验证它是否与Java编码匹配。忽略代理验证(2个字符编码)，因为这是在Java中处理的。|3806486|++++@Test
++++public+void+testAll()+throws+IOException+{
++++++++for+(char+i+=+0;+i+<+0xFFFF;+i%2B%2B)+{
++++++++++++CharArrayReader+car+=+new+CharArrayReader(new+char[]+{+i+});
++++++++++++ReaderInputStream+rtoi+=+new+ReaderInputStream(car);
++++++++++++byte[]+data+=+IO.read(rtoi);

++++++++++++CharArrayWriter+caw+=+new+CharArrayWriter();
++++++++++++try+(WriterOutputStream+wtoo+=+new+WriterOutputStream(caw))+{
++++++++++++++++wtoo.write(data);
++++++++++++++++char[]+translated+=+caw.toCharArray();
++++++++++++++++assertThat(translated.length).isEqualTo(1);
++++++++++++++++assertThat((int)+translated[0]).isEqualTo(i);

++++++++++++++++if+(!Character.isSurrogate((char)+i))+{
++++++++++++++++++++try+(InputStream+stream+=+new+ByteArrayInputStream(data))+{
++++++++++++++++++++++++caw+=+new+CharArrayWriter();
++++++++++++++++++++++++IO.copy(data,+caw);
++++++++++++++++++++++++translated+=+caw.toCharArray();
++++++++++++++++++++++++assertThat(translated.length).isEqualTo(1);
++++++++++++++++++++++++assertThat((int)+translated[0]).isEqualTo(i);
++++++++++++++++++++}
++++++++++++++++}
++++++++++++}
++++++++}
++++}|3806487|entityMap^0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|M|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|O|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|J|5|D|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|K|3|-4|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|L|$]]

This is the source code for a simple UTF-8 based encoding WriterOutputStream and ReaderInputStream. Tested at the end.
<pre><code> // https://www.woolha.com/tutorials/deno-utf-8-encoding-decoding-examples
 public class WriterOutputStream extends OutputStream {
 final Writer writer;

 int count = 0;
 int codepoint = 0;

 public WriterOutputStream(Writer writer) {
 this.writer = writer;
 }

 @Override
 public void write(int b) throws IOException {
 b &amp;= 0xFF;
 switch (b &gt;&gt; 4) {
 case 0b0000:
 case 0b0001:
 case 0b0010:
 case 0b0011:
 case 0b0100:
 case 0b0101:
 case 0b0110:
 case 0b0111:
 count = 1;
 codepoint = b;
 break;

 case 0b1000:
 case 0b1001:
 case 0b1010:
 case 0b1011:
 codepoint &lt;&lt;= 6;
 codepoint |= b &amp; 0b0011_1111;
 break;

 case 0b1100:
 case 0b1101:
 count = 2;
 codepoint = b &amp; 0b0001_1111;
 break;

 case 0b1110:
 count = 3;
 codepoint = b &amp; 0b0000_1111;
 break;

 case 0b1111:
 count = 4;
 codepoint = b &amp; 0b0000_0111;
 break;
 }
 if (--count == 0) {
 writer.write(codepoint);
 }
 }
 }

 public class ReaderInputStream extends InputStream {
 final Reader reader;
 int count = 0;
 int codepoint;

 public ReaderInputStream(Reader reader) {
 this.reader = reader;
 }

 @Override
 public int read() throws IOException {
 if (count-- &gt; 0) {
 int r = codepoint &gt;&gt; (count * 6);
 r &amp;= 0b0011_1111;
 r |= 0b1000_0000;
 return r;
 }

 codepoint = reader.read();
 if (codepoint &lt; 0)
 return -1;
 if (codepoint &gt; 0xFFFF)
 return 0;

 if (codepoint &lt; 0x80)
 return codepoint;

 if (codepoint &lt; 0x800) {
 count = 1;
 int v = (codepoint &gt;&gt; 6) | 0b1100_0000;
 return v;
 }
 count = 2;
 int v = (codepoint &gt;&gt; 12) | 0b1110_0000;
 return v;
 }
 }
</code></pre>
And the test case that verifies if each of the 65536 characters is properly encoded and decoded, as well as verifying it matches the Java encoding. The surrogates verification (2 character encoding) are ignored since this is handled in Java.
<pre><code> @Test
 public void testAll() throws IOException {
 for (char i = 0; i &lt; 0xFFFF; i++) {
 CharArrayReader car = new CharArrayReader(new char[] { i });
 ReaderInputStream rtoi = new ReaderInputStream(car);
 byte[] data = IO.read(rtoi);

 CharArrayWriter caw = new CharArrayWriter();
 try (WriterOutputStream wtoo = new WriterOutputStream(caw)) {
 wtoo.write(data);
 char[] translated = caw.toCharArray();
 assertThat(translated.length).isEqualTo(1);
 assertThat((int) translated[0]).isEqualTo(i);

 if (!Character.isSurrogate((char) i)) {
 try (InputStream stream = new ByteArrayInputStream(data)) {
 caw = new CharArrayWriter();
 IO.copy(data, caw);
 translated = caw.toCharArray();
 assertThat(translated.length).isEqualTo(1);
 assertThat((int) translated[0]).isEqualTo(i);
 }
 }
 }
 }
 }

</code></pre>

Is there an easy way to avoid dealing with text encoding problems?

How to convert a Reader to InputStream and a Writer to OutputStream?

翻译质量差，导致语言生硬或混乱。

没有提供实际的解决方法或示例。

解答不清晰，无法理解或解决问题。

页面排版不美观，阅读体验差。

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有没有一种简单的方法来避免处理文本编码问题？

问如何将阅读器转换为InputStream，将写入器转换为OutputStream？
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问如何将阅读器转换为InputStream，将写入器转换为OutputStream？EN