当我有多个NIC时，如何确定所有IP地址？
当我有多个NIC时，如何确定所有IP地址？
提问于 2008-11-07 07:20:29
我的计算机上有多个网卡，每个网卡都有自己的IP地址。
当我从Python的(内置) socket模块中使用gethostbyname(gethostname())时，它将只返回其中的一个。我怎么才能得到其他的呢？
回答 12
Stack Overflow用户
回答已采纳
发布于 2008-11-08 11:43:26
使用netifaces模块。因为网络很复杂，所以使用netifaces可能有点棘手，但这里是如何做你想要的：
>>> import netifaces
>>> netifaces.interfaces()
['lo', 'eth0']
>>> netifaces.ifaddresses('eth0')
{17: [{'broadcast': 'ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff', 'addr': '00:11:2f:32:63:45'}], 2: [{'broadcast': '10.0.0.255', 'netmask': '255.255.255.0', 'addr': '10.0.0.2'}], 10: [{'netmask': 'ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::', 'addr': 'fe80::211:2fff:fe32:6345%eth0'}]}
>>> for interface in netifaces.interfaces():
... print netifaces.ifaddresses(interface)[netifaces.AF_INET]
...
[{'peer': '127.0.0.1', 'netmask': '255.0.0.0', 'addr': '127.0.0.1'}]
[{'broadcast': '10.0.0.255', 'netmask': '255.255.255.0', 'addr': '10.0.0.2'}]
>>> for interface in netifaces.interfaces():
... for link in netifaces.ifaddresses(interface)[netifaces.AF_INET]:
... print link['addr']
...
127.0.0.1
10.0.0.2可以像这样使它更具可读性：
from netifaces import interfaces, ifaddresses, AF_INET
def ip4_addresses():
ip_list = []
for interface in interfaces():
for link in ifaddresses(interface)[AF_INET]:
ip_list.append(link['addr'])
return ip_list如果需要IPv6地址，请使用AF_INET6而不是AF_INET。如果您想知道为什么netifaces到处使用列表和字典，这是因为一台计算机可以有多个NIC，每个NIC可以有多个地址，每个地址都有自己的一组选项。
Stack Overflow用户
发布于 2013-05-07 14:56:09
import socket
[i[4][0] for i in socket.getaddrinfo(socket.gethostname(), None)]Stack Overflow用户
发布于 2017-04-19 01:25:57
出于完整性考虑，另一种选择是使用psutil。
tldr;
import socket
import psutil
def get_ip_addresses(family):
for interface, snics in psutil.net_if_addrs().items():
for snic in snics:
if snic.family == family:
yield (interface, snic.address)
ipv4s = list(get_ip_addresses(socket.AF_INET))
ipv6s = list(get_ip_addresses(socket.AF_INET6))解释
您需要的函数是net_if_addrs。即：
import psutil
psutil.net_if_addrs()结果如下所示(Python 3)：
{'br-ae4880aa80cf': [snic(family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET: 2>, address='172.18.0.1', netmask='255.255.0.0', broadcast='172.18.0.1', ptp=None),
snic(family=<AddressFamily.AF_PACKET: 17>, address='02:42:e5:ae:39:94', netmask=None, broadcast='ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff', ptp=None)],
'docker0': [snic(family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET: 2>, address='172.17.0.1', netmask='255.255.0.0', broadcast='172.17.0.1', ptp=None),
snic(family=<AddressFamily.AF_PACKET: 17>, address='02:42:38:d2:4d:77', netmask=None, broadcast='ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff', ptp=None)],
'eno1': [snic(family=<AddressFamily.AF_PACKET: 17>, address='54:be:f7:0b:cf:a9', netmask=None, broadcast='ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff', ptp=None)],
'lo': [snic(family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET: 2>, address='127.0.0.1', netmask='255.0.0.0', broadcast=None, ptp=None),
snic(family=<AddressFamily.AF_PACKET: 17>, address='00:00:00:00:00:00', netmask=None, broadcast=None, ptp=None)],
'wlp2s0': [snic(family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET: 2>, address='192.168.1.4', netmask='255.255.255.0', broadcast='192.168.1.255', ptp=None),
snic(family=<AddressFamily.AF_PACKET: 17>, address='00:21:27:ee:d6:03', netmask=None, broadcast='ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff', ptp=None)]}(Python 2)：
{'br-ae4880aa80cf': [snic(family=2, address='172.18.0.1', netmask='255.255.0.0', broadcast='172.18.0.1', ptp=None),
snic(family=17, address='02:42:e5:ae:39:94', netmask=None, broadcast='ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff', ptp=None)],
'docker0': [snic(family=2, address='172.17.0.1', netmask='255.255.0.0', broadcast='172.17.0.1', ptp=None),
snic(family=17, address='02:42:38:d2:4d:77', netmask=None, broadcast='ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff', ptp=None)],
'eno1': [snic(family=17, address='54:be:f7:0b:cf:a9', netmask=None, broadcast='ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff', ptp=None)],
'lo': [snic(family=2, address='127.0.0.1', netmask='255.0.0.0', broadcast=None, ptp=None),
snic(family=17, address='00:00:00:00:00:00', netmask=None, broadcast=None, ptp=None)],
'wlp2s0': [snic(family=2, address='192.168.1.4', netmask='255.255.255.0', broadcast='192.168.1.255', ptp=None),
snic(family=17, address='00:21:27:ee:d6:03', netmask=None, broadcast='ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff', ptp=None)]}注意：由于您可以将同一系列的多个地址与每个接口相关联，因此dict值是列表。
每个snic是一个namedtuple，包含5个字段：
family：地址族，它指的是一个address.address：主NIC地址的AF_INET、AF_INET6或psutil.AF_LINK，它指的是网络掩码地址(可以是广播地址)(可以是None).ptp：，代表“点对点”；它是点对点接口(通常是VPN)上的目的地址。广播和ptp是互斥的(可能不是)。
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原文链接：
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/270745
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