blocks|key|3874356|text|构造器需要像工厂方法一样返回你想要的东西。如果您需要其他方法/属性，可以在返回对象之前将它们添加到对象中。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|3874357|function+NotImplementedError(message)+{+return+new+Error("Not+implemented",+message);+}

x+=+new+NotImplementedError();|code-block|syntax|javascript|3874358|不过，我不知道你为什么要这么做。为什么不直接使用new+Error...呢？在JavaScript+(或任何非类型化语言)中，自定义异常实际上不会增加太多内容。|offset|length|style|CODE|3874359|entityMap^0|0|0|O|C|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|O|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|Q|8|@$I|R|J|S|K|L]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|M|3|-4|5|6|7|T|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|N|$]]

The constructor needs to be like a factory method and return what you want. If you need additional methods/properties, you can add them to the object before returning it.

<pre><code>function NotImplementedError(message) { return new Error("Not implemented", message); }

x = new NotImplementedError();
</code></pre>

Though I'm not sure why you'd need to do this. Why not just use <code>new Error...</code> ? Custom exceptions don't really add much in JavaScript (or probably any untyped language).

blocks|key|4717685|text|更新您的代码以将您的原型分配给Error.prototype和instanceof，并且您的断言可以工作。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|4717686|function+NotImplementedError(message+=+"")+{
++++this.name+=+"NotImplementedError";
++++this.message+=+message;
}
NotImplementedError.prototype+=+Error.prototype;|code-block|syntax|javascript|4717687|但是，我只会抛出您自己的对象，并只检查name属性。|4717688|throw+{name+:+"NotImplementedError",+message+:+"too+lazy+to+implement"};+|4717689|基于注释的编辑|offset|length|style|BOLD|4717690|在看了评论并试图记住为什么我会将prototype分配给Error.prototype而不是Nicholas+Zakas在他的article中所做的new+Error()之后，我用以下代码创建了一个jsFiddle：|CODE|4717691|​|4717692|function+NotImplementedError(message+=+"")+{
++this.name+=+"NotImplementedError";
++this.message+=+message;
}
NotImplementedError.prototype+=+Error.prototype;

function+NotImplementedError2(message+=+"")+{
++this.message+=+message;
}
NotImplementedError2.prototype+=+new+Error();

try+{
++var+e+=+new+NotImplementedError("NotImplementedError+message");
++throw+e;
}+catch+(ex1)+{
++console.log(ex1.stack);
++console.log("ex1+instanceof+NotImplementedError+=+"+%2B+(ex1+instanceof+NotImplementedError));
++console.log("ex1+instanceof+Error+=+"+%2B+(ex1+instanceof+Error));
++console.log("ex1.name+=+"+%2B+ex1.name);
++console.log("ex1.message+=+"+%2B+ex1.message);
}

try+{
++var+e+=+new+NotImplementedError2("NotImplementedError2+message");
++throw+e;
}+catch+(ex1)+{
++console.log(ex1.stack);
++console.log("ex1+instanceof+NotImplementedError2+=+"+%2B+(ex1+instanceof+NotImplementedError2));
++console.log("ex1+instanceof+Error+=+"+%2B+(ex1+instanceof+Error));
++console.log("ex1.name+=+"+%2B+ex1.name);
++console.log("ex1.message+=+"+%2B+ex1.message);
}|4717693|4717694|控制台输出是这样的。|4717695|undefined
ex1+instanceof+NotImplementedError+=+true
ex1+instanceof+Error+=+true
ex1.name+=+NotImplementedError
ex1.message+=+NotImplementedError+message
Error
++++at+window.onload+(http://fiddle.jshell.net/MwMEJ/show/:29:34)
ex1+instanceof+NotImplementedError2+=+true
ex1+instanceof+Error+=+true
ex1.name+=+Error
ex1.message+=+NotImplementedError2+message|4717696|这证实了我遇到的“问题”是错误的堆栈属性是创建new+Error()的行号，而不是throw+e发生的位置。然而，这可能比具有影响错误对象的NotImplementedError.prototype.name+=+"NotImplementedError"线的副作用要好。|4717697|另外，请注意对于NotImplementedError2，当我没有显式设置错误时，它等于“.name”。但是，正如注释中所提到的，因为该版本将prototype设置为new+Error()，所以我可以设置为NotImplementedError2.prototype.name+=+"NotImplementedError2"，这样就可以了。|4717698|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://www.nczonline.net/blog/2009/03/10/the-art-of-throwing-javascript-errors-part-2/|1|http://jsfiddle.net/MwMEJ/^0|0|0|0|0|5|2|0|0|30|S|F|22|B|1R|7|0|2R|8|1|0|0|1|0|0|0|1|0|0|A|0|0|0|3S|N|B|15|7|1Y|1M|0|0|4R|8|K|19|5|2B|B|2V|1O|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|1G|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|1H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|1I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|J|5|D|7|1J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|1K|8|@$M|1L|N|1M|O|P]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|Q|3|R|5|6|7|1N|8|@$M|1O|N|1P|O|P]|$M|1Q|N|1R|O|S]|$M|1S|N|1T|O|S]]|9|@$M|1U|N|1V|1|1W]|$M|1X|N|1Y|1|1Z]]|A|$]]|$1|T|3|U|5|6|7|20|8|@$M|21|N|22|O|P]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|V|3|W|5|D|7|23|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|X|3|U|5|6|7|24|8|@$M|25|N|26|O|P]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|Y|3|Z|5|6|7|27|8|@$M|28|N|29|O|P]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|10|3|11|5|D|7|2A|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|12|3|13|5|6|7|2B|8|@$M|2C|N|2D|O|P]|$M|2E|N|2F|O|S]|$M|2G|N|2H|O|S]|$M|2I|N|2J|O|S]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|14|3|15|5|6|7|2K|8|@$M|2L|N|2M|O|P]|$M|2N|N|2O|O|S]|$M|2P|N|2Q|O|S]|$M|2R|N|2S|O|S]|$M|2T|N|2U|O|S]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|16|3|-4|5|6|7|2V|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|17|$18|$5|19|1A|1B|A|$1C|1D]]|1E|$5|19|1A|1B|A|$1C|1F]]]]

Update your code to assign your prototype to the Error.prototype and the instanceof and your asserts work.
<pre><code>function NotImplementedError(message = &quot;&quot;) {
 this.name = &quot;NotImplementedError&quot;;
 this.message = message;
}
NotImplementedError.prototype = Error.prototype;
</code></pre>
However, I would just throw your own object and just check the name property.
<pre><code>throw {name : &quot;NotImplementedError&quot;, message : &quot;too lazy to implement&quot;}; 
</code></pre>
Edit based on comments
After looking at the comments and trying to remember why I would assign prototype to <code>Error.prototype</code> instead of <code>new Error()</code> like Nicholas Zakas did in his <a href="https://www.nczonline.net/blog/2009/03/10/the-art-of-throwing-javascript-errors-part-2/" rel="noreferrer">article</a>, I created a <a href="http://jsfiddle.net/MwMEJ/" rel="noreferrer">jsFiddle</a> with the code below:
<div class="snippet" data-lang="js" data-hide="false" data-console="true" data-babel="false">
<div class="snippet-code">
<pre class="snippet-code-js lang-js prettyprint-override"><code>function NotImplementedError(message = "") {
 this.name = "NotImplementedError";
 this.message = message;
}
NotImplementedError.prototype = Error.prototype;

function NotImplementedError2(message = "") {
 this.message = message;
}
NotImplementedError2.prototype = new Error();

try {
 var e = new NotImplementedError("NotImplementedError message");
 throw e;
} catch (ex1) {
 console.log(ex1.stack);
 console.log("ex1 instanceof NotImplementedError = " + (ex1 instanceof NotImplementedError));
 console.log("ex1 instanceof Error = " + (ex1 instanceof Error));
 console.log("ex1.name = " + ex1.name);
 console.log("ex1.message = " + ex1.message);
}

try {
 var e = new NotImplementedError2("NotImplementedError2 message");
 throw e;
} catch (ex1) {
 console.log(ex1.stack);
 console.log("ex1 instanceof NotImplementedError2 = " + (ex1 instanceof NotImplementedError2));
 console.log("ex1 instanceof Error = " + (ex1 instanceof Error));
 console.log("ex1.name = " + ex1.name);
 console.log("ex1.message = " + ex1.message);
}</code></pre>
</div>
</div>

The console output was this.
<pre><code>undefined
ex1 instanceof NotImplementedError = true
ex1 instanceof Error = true
ex1.name = NotImplementedError
ex1.message = NotImplementedError message
Error
 at window.onload (http://fiddle.jshell.net/MwMEJ/show/:29:34)
ex1 instanceof NotImplementedError2 = true
ex1 instanceof Error = true
ex1.name = Error
ex1.message = NotImplementedError2 message
</code></pre>
This confirmes the &quot;problem&quot; I ran into was the stack property of the error was the line number where <code>new Error()</code> was created, and not where the <code>throw e</code> occurred. However, that may be better that having the side effect of a <code>NotImplementedError.prototype.name = &quot;NotImplementedError&quot;</code> line affecting the Error object.
Also, notice with <code>NotImplementedError2</code>, when I don't set the <code>.name</code> explicitly, it is equal to &quot;Error&quot;. However, as mentioned in the comments, because that version sets prototype to <code>new Error()</code>, I could set <code>NotImplementedError2.prototype.name = &quot;NotImplementedError2&quot;</code> and be OK.

blocks|key|1193505|text|标准的这一节可以解释为什么Error.apply调用没有初始化对象：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|1193506|1193507|+15.11.1作为函数调用的错误构造函数|blockquote|BOLD|1193508|1193509|当Error作为函数而不是构造函数调用时，它会创建并初始化一个新的Error对象。因此函数调用错误(...)等同于对象创建表达式new+Error(...)用同样的论据。|1193510|1193511|在这种情况下，Error函数可能确定它不是作为构造函数调用的，因此它返回一个新的错误实例，而不是初始化this对象。|1193512|使用以下代码进行测试似乎证明了这实际上是正在发生的事情：|1193513|function+NotImplementedError()+{+
+++var+returned+=+Error.apply(this,+arguments);
+++console.log("returned.message+=+'"+%2B+returned.message+%2B+"'");
+++console.log("this.message+=+'"+%2B+this.message+%2B+"'");
}
NotImplementedError.prototype+=+new+Error();

var+nie+=+new+NotImplementedError("some+message");|code-block|syntax|javascript|1193514|运行此命令时会生成以下输出：|1193515|returned.message+=+'some+message'
this.message+=+''|1193516|entityMap^0|D|B|0|0|1|B|0|0|0|0|7|5|1F|4|0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|13|8|@$9|14|A|15|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|-4|5|6|7|16|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|G|3|H|5|I|7|17|8|@$9|18|A|19|B|J]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|K|3|-4|5|6|7|1A|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|L|3|M|5|6|7|1B|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|N|3|-4|5|6|7|1C|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|O|3|P|5|6|7|1D|8|@$9|1E|A|1F|B|C]|$9|1G|A|1H|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|Q|3|R|5|6|7|1I|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|S|3|T|5|U|7|1J|8|@]|D|@]|E|$V|W]]|$1|X|3|Y|5|6|7|1K|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|Z|3|10|5|U|7|1L|8|@]|D|@]|E|$V|W]]|$1|11|3|-4|5|6|7|1M|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|12|$]]

This section of the standard may explain why the <code>Error.apply</code> call doesn't initialize the object:

<blockquote>
 15.11.1 The Error Constructor Called as a Function
 
 When Error is called as a function rather than as a constructor, it creates and
 initialises a new Error object. Thus the function call Error(...) is
 equivalent to the object creation expression new Error(...) with the
 same arguments.
</blockquote>

In this case the <code>Error</code> function probably determines that it's not being called as a constructor, so it returns a new Error instance rather than initializing the <code>this</code> object.

Testing with the following code seems to demonstrate that this is in fact what's happening:

<pre><code>function NotImplementedError() { 
 var returned = Error.apply(this, arguments);
 console.log("returned.message = '" + returned.message + "'");
 console.log("this.message = '" + this.message + "'");
}
NotImplementedError.prototype = new Error();

var nie = new NotImplementedError("some message");
</code></pre>

The following output is generated when this is run:

<pre><code>returned.message = 'some message'
this.message = ''
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1193535|text|我也遇到过类似的问题。我的错误需要是Error和NotImplemented的instanceof，并且它还需要在控制台中产生一致的回溯。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|1193536|我的解决方案是：|1193537|var+NotImplemented+=+(function()+{
++var+NotImplemented,+err;
++NotImplemented+=+(function()+{
++++function+NotImplemented(message)+{
++++++var+err;
++++++err+=+new+Error(message);
++++++err.name+=+"NotImplemented";
++++++this.message+=+err.message;
++++++if+(err.stack)+this.stack+=+err.stack;
++++}
++++return+NotImplemented;
++})();
++err+=+new+Error();
++err.name+=+"NotImplemented";
++NotImplemented.prototype+=+err;

++return+NotImplemented;
}).call(this);

//+TEST:
console.log("instanceof+Error:+"+%2B+(new+NotImplemented()+instanceof+Error));
console.log("instanceof+NotImplemented:+"+%2B+(new+NotImplemented()+instanceofNotImplemented));
console.log("message:+"%2B(new+NotImplemented('I+was+too+busy').message));
throw+new+NotImplemented("just+didn't+feel+like+it");|code-block|syntax|javascript|1193538|使用node.js运行的结果：|1193539|instanceof+Error:+true
instanceof+NotImplemented:+true
message:+I+was+too+busy

/private/tmp/t.js:24
throw+new+NotImplemented("just+didn't+feel+like+it");
++++++%5E
NotImplemented:+just+didn't+feel+like+it
++++at+Error.NotImplemented+(/Users/colin/projects/gems/jax/t.js:6:13)
++++at+Object.<anonymous>+(/Users/colin/projects/gems/jax/t.js:24:7)
++++at+Module._compile+(module.js:449:26)
++++at+Object.Module._extensions..js+(module.js:467:10)
++++at+Module.load+(module.js:356:32)
++++at+Function.Module._load+(module.js:312:12)
++++at+Module.runMain+(module.js:487:10)
++++at+process.startup.processNextTick.process._tickCallback+(node.js:244:9)|1193540|该错误通过了我的所有3个条件，尽管stack属性是非标准的，但it+is+supported+in+most+newer+browsers在我的例子中是可以接受的。|1193541|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://developer.mozilla.org/en/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Error/Stack#Browser_Compatibility^0|I|5|O|E|13|A|0|0|0|0|0|H|5|V|12|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|10|8|@$9|11|A|12|B|C]|$9|13|A|14|B|C]|$9|15|A|16|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|17|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|J|7|18|8|@]|D|@]|E|$K|L]]|$1|M|3|N|5|6|7|19|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|O|3|P|5|J|7|1A|8|@]|D|@]|E|$K|L]]|$1|Q|3|R|5|6|7|1B|8|@$9|1C|A|1D|B|C]]|D|@$9|1E|A|1F|1|1G]]|E|$]]|$1|S|3|-4|5|6|7|1H|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|T|$U|$5|V|W|X|E|$Y|Z]]]]

I had a similar issue to this. My error needs to be an <code>instanceof</code> both <code>Error</code> and <code>NotImplemented</code>, and it also needs to produce a coherent backtrace in the console.

My solution:

<pre><code>var NotImplemented = (function() {
 var NotImplemented, err;
 NotImplemented = (function() {
 function NotImplemented(message) {
 var err;
 err = new Error(message);
 err.name = "NotImplemented";
 this.message = err.message;
 if (err.stack) this.stack = err.stack;
 }
 return NotImplemented;
 })();
 err = new Error();
 err.name = "NotImplemented";
 NotImplemented.prototype = err;

 return NotImplemented;
}).call(this);

// TEST:
console.log("instanceof Error: " + (new NotImplemented() instanceof Error));
console.log("instanceof NotImplemented: " + (new NotImplemented() instanceofNotImplemented));
console.log("message: "+(new NotImplemented('I was too busy').message));
throw new NotImplemented("just didn't feel like it");
</code></pre>

Result of running with node.js:

<pre><code>instanceof Error: true
instanceof NotImplemented: true
message: I was too busy

/private/tmp/t.js:24
throw new NotImplemented("just didn't feel like it");
 ^
NotImplemented: just didn't feel like it
 at Error.NotImplemented (/Users/colin/projects/gems/jax/t.js:6:13)
 at Object.&lt;anonymous&gt; (/Users/colin/projects/gems/jax/t.js:24:7)
 at Module._compile (module.js:449:26)
 at Object.Module._extensions..js (module.js:467:10)
 at Module.load (module.js:356:32)
 at Function.Module._load (module.js:312:12)
 at Module.runMain (module.js:487:10)
 at process.startup.processNextTick.process._tickCallback (node.js:244:9)
</code></pre>

The error passes all 3 of my criteria, and although the <code>stack</code> property is nonstandard, <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Error/Stack#Browser_Compatibility" rel="nofollow">it is supported in most newer browsers</a> which is acceptable in my case.

blocks|key|654817|text|我只是不得不实现这样的东西，并发现堆栈在我自己的错误实现中丢失了。我要做的是创建一个虚拟错误，并从中检索堆栈：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|654818|My.Error+=+function+(message,+innerException)+{
++++var+err+=+new+Error();
++++this.stack+=+err.stack;+//+IMPORTANT!
++++this.name+=+"Error";
++++this.message+=+message;
++++this.innerException+=+innerException;
}
My.Error.prototype+=+new+Error();
My.Error.prototype.constructor+=+My.Error;
My.Error.prototype.toString+=+function+(includeStackTrace)+{
++++var+msg+=+this.message;
++++var+e+=+this.innerException;
++++while+(e)+{
++++++++msg+%2B=+"+The+details+are:\n"+%2B+e.message;
++++++++e+=+e.innerException;
++++}
++++if+(includeStackTrace)+{
++++++++msg+%2B=+"\n\nStack+Trace:\n\n"+%2B+this.stack;
++++}
++++return+msg;
}|code-block|syntax|javascript|654819|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

I just had to implement something like this and found that the stack was lost in my own error implementation. What I had to do was create a dummy error and retrieve the stack from that:

<pre><code>My.Error = function (message, innerException) {
 var err = new Error();
 this.stack = err.stack; // IMPORTANT!
 this.name = "Error";
 this.message = message;
 this.innerException = innerException;
}
My.Error.prototype = new Error();
My.Error.prototype.constructor = My.Error;
My.Error.prototype.toString = function (includeStackTrace) {
 var msg = this.message;
 var e = this.innerException;
 while (e) {
 msg += " The details are:\n" + e.message;
 e = e.innerException;
 }
 if (includeStackTrace) {
 msg += "\n\nStack Trace:\n\n" + this.stack;
 }
 return msg;
}
</code></pre>

blocks|key|4717912|text|为用户定义的错误类型的每个实例尝试一个新的原型对象。它允许instanceof检查像往常一样工作，而且在火狐和V8+(Chome，nodejs)中可以正确地报告类型和消息。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|4717913|function+NotImplementedError(message){
++++if(NotImplementedError.innercall===undefined){
++++++++NotImplementedError.innercall+=+true;
++++++++NotImplementedError.prototype+=+new+Error(message);
++++++++NotImplementedError.prototype.name+=+"NotImplementedError";
++++++++NotImplementedError.prototype.constructor+=+NotImplementedError;

++++++++return+new+NotImplementedError(message);
++++}
++++delete+NotImplementedError.innercall;
}|code-block|syntax|javascript|4717914|请注意，在其他正确的堆栈之前会有一个额外的条目。|4717915|entityMap^0|T|A|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|O|8|@$9|P|A|Q|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|R|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|S|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|M|3|-4|5|6|7|T|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|N|$]]

Try a new prototype object for each instance of the user defined error type. It allows <code>instanceof</code> checks to behave as usual plus type and message are correctly reported in Firefox and V8 (Chome, nodejs).

<pre><code>function NotImplementedError(message){
 if(NotImplementedError.innercall===undefined){
 NotImplementedError.innercall = true;
 NotImplementedError.prototype = new Error(message);
 NotImplementedError.prototype.name = "NotImplementedError";
 NotImplementedError.prototype.constructor = NotImplementedError;

 return new NotImplementedError(message);
 }
 delete NotImplementedError.innercall;
}
</code></pre>

Note that an additional entry will preceed the otherwise correct stack.

blocks|key|1186341|text|更简单的方式。你可以让你的对象继承Error对象。示例：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1186342|function+NotImplementError(message)
{
++++this.message+=+message;
++++Error.call();
++++Error.call(message);
}+|code-block|syntax|javascript|1186343|我们所做的是使用函数call()，它调用Error类的构造函数，因此基本上与在其他面向对象语言中实现类继承是相同的。|1186344|entityMap^0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|L|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|M|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|-4|5|6|7|N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|J|$]]

easier way. You could make your object inherit from the Error object. 
Example:

<pre><code>function NotImplementError(message)
{
 this.message = message;
 Error.call();
 Error.call(message);
} 
</code></pre>

what we are doing is using the function call() which call the constructor of the Error class so is basicly the same thing as implementing a class inheritance in other object oriented languages.

blocks|key|3874728|text|以不能使用instanceof为代价，下面的代码保留了原始的堆栈跟踪，不使用任何非标准的技巧。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|3874729|//+the+function+itself
var+fixError+=+function(err,+name)+{
++++err.name+=+name;
++++return+err;
}

//+using+the+function
try+{
++++throw+fixError(new+Error('custom+error+message'),+'CustomError');
}+catch+(e)+{
++++if+(e.name+==+'CustomError')
++++++++console.log('Wee!+Custom+Error!+Msg:',+e.message);
++++else
++++++++throw+e;+//+unhandled.+let+it+propagate+upwards+the+call+stack
}|code-block|syntax|javascript|3874730|entityMap^0|5|A|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|M|8|@$9|N|A|O|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|P|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|-4|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|L|$]]

At the expense of not being able to use <code>instanceof</code>, the following preserves the original stack trace and doesn't use any non-standard tricks.

<pre><code>// the function itself
var fixError = function(err, name) {
 err.name = name;
 return err;
}

// using the function
try {
 throw fixError(new Error('custom error message'), 'CustomError');
} catch (e) {
 if (e.name == 'CustomError')
 console.log('Wee! Custom Error! Msg:', e.message);
 else
 throw e; // unhandled. let it propagate upwards the call stack
}
</code></pre>

blocks|key|4718027|text|上面所有的答案都是非常糟糕的--真的。即使是有107个ups的那个！真正的答案就在这里：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|4718028|Inheriting+from+the+Error+object+-+where+is+the+message+property?|offset|length|4718029|TL;DR：|4718030|没有设置message的原因是，Error是一个返回新错误对象的函数，并且不以任何方式操作this。|style|CODE|4718031|B.正确的方法是从构造函数返回应用的结果，并以通常复杂的javascripty方式设置原型：|4718032|​|4718033|function+MyError()+{
++++var+temp+=+Error.apply(this,+arguments);
++++temp.name+=+this.name+=+'MyError';
++++this.message+=+temp.message;
++++if(Object.defineProperty)+{
++++++++//+getter+for+more+optimizy+goodness
++++++++/*this.stack+=+*/Object.defineProperty(this,+'stack',+{+
++++++++++++get:+function()+{
++++++++++++++++return+temp.stack
++++++++++++},
++++++++++++configurable:+true+//+so+you+can+change+it+if+you+want
++++++++})
++++}+else+{
++++++++this.stack+=+temp.stack
++++}
}
//inherit+prototype+using+ECMAScript+5+(IE+9%2B)
MyError.prototype+=+Object.create(Error.prototype,+{
++++constructor:+{
++++++++value:+MyError,
++++++++writable:+true,
++++++++configurable:+true
++++}
});

var+myError+=+new+MyError("message");
console.log("The+message+is:+'"+%2B+myError.message+%2B+"'");+//+The+message+is:+'message'
console.log(myError+instanceof+Error);+//+true
console.log(myError+instanceof+MyError);+//+true
console.log(myError.toString());+//+MyError:+message
console.log(myError.stack);+//+MyError:+message+\n+
//+<stack+trace+...>


+
//for+EMCAScript+4+or+ealier+(IE+8+or+ealier),+inherit+prototype+this+way+instead+of+above+code:
/*
var+IntermediateInheritor+=+function()+{};
IntermediateInheritor.prototype+=+Error.prototype;
MyError.prototype+=+new+IntermediateInheritor();
*/|code-block|syntax|javascript|4718034|4718035|您可能需要采取一些技巧来枚举tmp错误的所有不可枚举属性来设置它们，而不是只显式设置stack和message，但是ie<9不支持这种技巧|4718036|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://stackoverflow.com/questions/8802845/inheriting-from-the-error-object-where-is-the-message-property^0|0|0|1T|0|0|0|4|7|G|5|19|4|0|0|0|0|0|E|3|16|5|1C|7|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|15|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|16|8|@]|9|@$D|17|E|18|1|19]]|A|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|1A|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|6|7|1B|8|@$D|1C|E|1D|J|K]|$D|1E|E|1F|J|K]|$D|1G|E|1H|J|K]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|L|3|M|5|6|7|1I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|N|3|O|5|6|7|1J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|P|3|Q|5|R|7|1K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$S|T]]|$1|U|3|O|5|6|7|1L|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|V|3|W|5|6|7|1M|8|@$D|1N|E|1O|J|K]|$D|1P|E|1Q|J|K]|$D|1R|E|1S|J|K]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|X|3|-4|5|6|7|1T|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|Y|$Z|$5|10|11|12|A|$13|14]]]]

All of the above answers are terrible awful - really. Even the one with 107 ups! The real answer is here guys: 

<a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/8802845/inheriting-from-the-error-object-where-is-the-message-property">Inheriting from the Error object - where is the message property?</a>

TL;DR:

A. The reason <code>message</code> isn't being set is that <code>Error</code> is a function that returns a new Error object and does not manipulate <code>this</code> in any way.

B. The way to do this right is to return the result of the apply from the constructor, as well as setting the prototype in the usual complicated javascripty way:

<div class="snippet" data-lang="js" data-hide="false" data-console="true" data-babel="false">
<div class="snippet-code">
<pre class="snippet-code-js lang-js prettyprint-override"><code>function MyError() {
 var temp = Error.apply(this, arguments);
 temp.name = this.name = 'MyError';
 this.message = temp.message;
 if(Object.defineProperty) {
 // getter for more optimizy goodness
 /*this.stack = */Object.defineProperty(this, 'stack', { 
 get: function() {
 return temp.stack
 },
 configurable: true // so you can change it if you want
 })
 } else {
 this.stack = temp.stack
 }
}
//inherit prototype using ECMAScript 5 (IE 9+)
MyError.prototype = Object.create(Error.prototype, {
 constructor: {
 value: MyError,
 writable: true,
 configurable: true
 }
});

var myError = new MyError("message");
console.log("The message is: '" + myError.message + "'"); // The message is: 'message'
console.log(myError instanceof Error); // true
console.log(myError instanceof MyError); // true
console.log(myError.toString()); // MyError: message
console.log(myError.stack); // MyError: message \n 
// &lt;stack trace ...&gt;


 
//for EMCAScript 4 or ealier (IE 8 or ealier), inherit prototype this way instead of above code:
/*
var IntermediateInheritor = function() {};
IntermediateInheritor.prototype = Error.prototype;
MyError.prototype = new IntermediateInheritor();
*/</code></pre>
</div>
</div>


You could probably do some trickery to enumerate through all the non-enumerable properties of the <code>tmp</code> Error to set them rather than explicitly setting only <code>stack</code> and <code>message</code>, but the trickery isn't supported in ie&lt;9

blocks|key|655078|text|另一种选择，可能不能在所有enviroments.Atleast中工作，确保它在NodeJS0.8中工作。这种方法使用非标准的方法来修改内部proto+prop|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|655079|function+myError(msg){+
++++++var+e+=+new+Error(msg);+
++++++_this+=+this;+
++++++_this.__proto__.__proto__+=+e;
}|code-block|syntax|javascript|655080|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

Another alternative , might not work in all enviroments.Atleast assured it works in nodejs 0.8
This approach uses a non standard way of modifying the internal proto prop

<pre><code>function myError(msg){ 
 var e = new Error(msg); 
 _this = this; 
 _this.__proto__.__proto__ = e;
}
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1193682|text|function+InvalidValueError(value,+type)+{
++++this.message+=+"Expected+`"+%2B+type.name+%2B+"`:+"+%2B+value;
++++var+error+=+new+Error(this.message);
++++this.stack+=+error.stack;
}
InvalidValueError.prototype+=+new+Error();
InvalidValueError.prototype.name+=+InvalidValueError.name;
InvalidValueError.prototype.constructor+=+InvalidValueError;|type|code-block|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|syntax|javascript|1193683|unstyled|entityMap^0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|G|8|@]|9|@]|A|$B|C]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|E|7|H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|F|$]]

<pre><code>function InvalidValueError(value, type) {
 this.message = "Expected `" + type.name + "`: " + value;
 var error = new Error(this.message);
 this.stack = error.stack;
}
InvalidValueError.prototype = new Error();
InvalidValueError.prototype.name = InvalidValueError.name;
InvalidValueError.prototype.constructor = InvalidValueError;
</code></pre>

blocks|key|4718118|text|这在is中得到了很好的实现：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|4718119|4718120|Docs|unordered-list-item|offset|length|4718121|Source|4718122|4718123|在其简化形式中：|4718124|var+NotImplementedError+=+function(message)+{
++++this.name+=+'NotImplementedError';
++++this.message+=+message;
++++this.stack+=+(new+Error()).stack;
}

//+Later+on...

throw+new+NotImplementedError();|code-block|syntax|javascript|4718125|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://cesiumjs.org/Cesium/Build/Documentation/DeveloperError.html|1|https://github.com/AnalyticalGraphicsInc/cesium/blob/b24/Source/Core/DeveloperError.js^0|0|0|0|4|0|0|0|6|1|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|11|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|-4|5|6|7|12|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|C|3|D|5|E|7|13|8|@]|9|@$F|14|G|15|1|16]]|A|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|E|7|17|8|@]|9|@$F|18|G|19|1|1A]]|A|$]]|$1|J|3|-4|5|6|7|1B|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|1C|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|O|7|1D|8|@]|9|@]|A|$P|Q]]|$1|R|3|-4|5|6|7|1E|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|S|$T|$5|U|V|W|A|$X|Y]]|Z|$5|U|V|W|A|$X|10]]]]

This is implemented nicely in the Cesium DeveloperError:

<ul>
<li><a href="http://cesiumjs.org/Cesium/Build/Documentation/DeveloperError.html" rel="nofollow">Docs</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/AnalyticalGraphicsInc/cesium/blob/b24/Source/Core/DeveloperError.js" rel="nofollow">Source</a></li>
</ul>

In it's simplified form:

<pre><code>var NotImplementedError = function(message) {
 this.name = 'NotImplementedError';
 this.message = message;
 this.stack = (new Error()).stack;
}

// Later on...

throw new NotImplementedError();
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1193738|text|如果您使用的是Node/Chrome。下面的代码片段将为您提供满足以下要求的扩展。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1193739|1193740|err+instanceof+Error|unordered-list-item|offset|length|style|CODE|1193741|err+instanceof+CustomErrorType|1193742|console.log()在没有message|1193743|throw/stack的情况下创建时返回message|1193744|console.log()时返回[CustomErrorType:+message]在Node.JS和Chrome中提供错误被created.|1193745|Works时的信息。|1193746|将通过Chrome、Safari、Firefox和IE+8%2B中的instanceof检查，但在Chrome/Safari之外不会有有效的堆栈。我对此没有意见，因为我可以在chrome中调试，但需要特定错误类型的代码仍然可以跨浏览器运行。如果您只需要节点，那么您可以很容易地删除if+go.|BOLD|1193747|语句，这样您就非常适合使用|1193748|代码段|1193749|var+CustomErrorType+=+function(message)+{
++++if+(Object.defineProperty)+{
++++++++Object.defineProperty(this,+"message",+{
++++++++++++value+:+message+%7C%7C+"",
++++++++++++enumerable+:+false
++++++++});
++++}+else+{
++++++++this.message+=+message;
++++}

++++if+(Error.captureStackTrace)+{
++++++++Error.captureStackTrace(this,+CustomErrorType);
++++}
}

CustomErrorType.prototype+=+new+Error();
CustomErrorType.prototype.name+=+"CustomErrorType";|code-block|syntax|javascript|1193750|用法|1193751|var+err+=+new+CustomErrorType("foo");|1193752|输出|1193753|var+err+=+new+CustomErrorType("foo");
console.log(err);
console.log(err.stack);

[CustomErrorType:+foo]
CustomErrorType:+foo
++++at+Object.<anonymous>+(/errorTest.js:27:12)
++++at+Module._compile+(module.js:456:26)
++++at+Object.Module._extensions..js+(module.js:474:10)
++++at+Module.load+(module.js:356:32)
++++at+Function.Module._load+(module.js:312:12)
++++at+Function.Module.runMain+(module.js:497:10)
++++at+startup+(node.js:119:16)
++++at+node.js:906:3

/errorTest.js:30
++++++++throw+err;
++++++++++++++%5E
CustomErrorType:+foo
++++at+Object.<anonymous>+(/errorTest.js:27:12)
++++at+Module._compile+(module.js:456:26)
++++at+Object.Module._extensions..js+(module.js:474:10)
++++at+Module.load+(module.js:356:32)
++++at+Function.Module._load+(module.js:312:12)
++++at+Function.Module.runMain+(module.js:497:10)
++++at+startup+(node.js:119:16)
++++at+node.js:906:3|1193754|entityMap^0|0|0|0|K|0|0|U|0|0|0|G|Q|0|0|3U|2|3U|2|0|2|B|0|0|3|0|0|0|2|0|0|0|2|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|1F|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|-4|5|6|7|1G|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|C|3|D|5|E|7|1H|8|@$F|1I|G|1J|H|I]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|J|3|K|5|E|7|1K|8|@$F|1L|G|1M|H|I]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|L|3|M|5|E|7|1N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|N|3|O|5|E|7|1O|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|P|3|Q|5|E|7|1P|8|@$F|1Q|G|1R|H|I]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|R|3|S|5|E|7|1S|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|T|3|U|5|E|7|1T|8|@$F|1U|G|1V|H|V]|$F|1W|G|1X|H|I]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|W|3|X|5|6|7|1Y|8|@$F|1Z|G|20|H|V]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|Y|3|Z|5|6|7|21|8|@$F|22|G|23|H|V]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|10|3|11|5|12|7|24|8|@]|9|@]|A|$13|14]]|$1|15|3|16|5|6|7|25|8|@$F|26|G|27|H|V]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|17|3|18|5|12|7|28|8|@]|9|@]|A|$13|14]]|$1|19|3|1A|5|6|7|29|8|@$F|2A|G|2B|H|V]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|1B|3|1C|5|12|7|2C|8|@]|9|@]|A|$13|14]]|$1|1D|3|-4|5|6|7|2D|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|1E|$]]

If you are using Node/Chrome. The following snippet will get you extension which meets the following requirements.

<ul>
<li><code>err instanceof Error</code></li>
<li><code>err instanceof CustomErrorType</code></li>
<li>console.log() returns <code>[CustomErrorType]</code> when created with a message</li>
<li>console.log() returns <code>[CustomErrorType: message]</code> when created without a message</li>
<li>throw/stack provides the information at the point the error was created.</li>
<li>Works optimally in Node.JS, and Chrome.</li>
<li>Will pass instanceof checks in Chrome, Safari, Firefox and IE 8+, but will not have a valid stack outside of Chrome/Safari. I'm OK with that because I can debug in chrome, but code which requires specific error types will still function cross browser. If you need Node only you can easily remove the <code>if</code> statements and you're good to go.</li>
</ul>

Snippet

<pre><code>var CustomErrorType = function(message) {
 if (Object.defineProperty) {
 Object.defineProperty(this, "message", {
 value : message || "",
 enumerable : false
 });
 } else {
 this.message = message;
 }

 if (Error.captureStackTrace) {
 Error.captureStackTrace(this, CustomErrorType);
 }
}

CustomErrorType.prototype = new Error();
CustomErrorType.prototype.name = "CustomErrorType";
</code></pre>

Usage

<pre><code>var err = new CustomErrorType("foo");
</code></pre>

Output

<pre><code>var err = new CustomErrorType("foo");
console.log(err);
console.log(err.stack);

[CustomErrorType: foo]
CustomErrorType: foo
 at Object.&lt;anonymous&gt; (/errorTest.js:27:12)
 at Module._compile (module.js:456:26)
 at Object.Module._extensions..js (module.js:474:10)
 at Module.load (module.js:356:32)
 at Function.Module._load (module.js:312:12)
 at Function.Module.runMain (module.js:497:10)
 at startup (node.js:119:16)
 at node.js:906:3

/errorTest.js:30
 throw err;
 ^
CustomErrorType: foo
 at Object.&lt;anonymous&gt; (/errorTest.js:27:12)
 at Module._compile (module.js:456:26)
 at Object.Module._extensions..js (module.js:474:10)
 at Module.load (module.js:356:32)
 at Function.Module._load (module.js:312:12)
 at Function.Module.runMain (module.js:497:10)
 at startup (node.js:119:16)
 at node.js:906:3
</code></pre>

blocks|key|3874927|text|如果有人对如何创建自定义错误跟踪和感兴趣，请获取堆栈跟踪：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|3874928|function+CustomError(message)+{
++this.name+=+'CustomError';
++this.message+=+message+%7C%7C+'';
++var+error+=+new+Error(this.message);
++error.name+=+this.name;
++this.stack+=+error.stack;
}
CustomError.prototype+=+Object.create(Error.prototype);

try+{
++throw+new+CustomError('foobar');
}
catch+(e)+{
++console.log('name:',+e.name);
++console.log('message:',+e.message);
++console.log('stack:',+e.stack);
}|code-block|syntax|javascript|3874929|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

If anyone is curious on how to create a custom error and get the stack trace:

<pre><code>function CustomError(message) {
 this.name = 'CustomError';
 this.message = message || '';
 var error = new Error(this.message);
 error.name = this.name;
 this.stack = error.stack;
}
CustomError.prototype = Object.create(Error.prototype);

try {
 throw new CustomError('foobar');
}
catch (e) {
 console.log('name:', e.name);
 console.log('message:', e.message);
 console.log('stack:', e.stack);
}
</code></pre>

blocks|key|655290|text|我使用构造器模式来创建新的error对象。我定义了原型链，比如Error实例。请参阅MDN+Error+constructor参考。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|BOLD|CODE|entityRanges|data|655291|您可以在此上查看此代码片段。|655292|实现|655293|//+Creates+user-defined+exceptions
var+CustomError+=+(function()+{
++'use+strict';

++//constructor
++function+CustomError()+{
++++//enforces+'new'+instance
++++if+(!(this+instanceof+CustomError))+{
++++++return+new+CustomError(arguments);
++++}
++++var+error,
++++++//handles+the+arguments+object+when+is+passed+by+enforcing+a+'new'+instance
++++++args+=+Array.apply(null,+typeof+arguments[0]+===+'object'+?+arguments[0]+:+arguments),
++++++message+=+args.shift()+%7C%7C+'An+exception+has+occurred';

++++//builds+the+message+with+multiple+arguments
++++if+(~message.indexOf('}'))+{
++++++args.forEach(function(arg,+i)+{
++++++++message+=+message.replace(RegExp('\\{'+%2B+i+%2B+'}',+'g'),+arg);
++++++});
++++}

++++//gets+the+exception+stack
++++error+=+new+Error(message);
++++//access+to+CustomError.prototype.name
++++error.name+=+this.name;

++++//set+the+properties+of+the+instance
++++//in+order+to+resemble+an+Error+instance
++++Object.defineProperties(this,+{
++++++stack:+{
++++++++enumerable:+false,
++++++++get:+function()+{+return+error.stack;+}
++++++},
++++++message:+{
++++++++enumerable:+false,
++++++++value:+message
++++++}
++++});
++}

++//+Creates+the+prototype+and+prevents+the+direct+reference+to+Error.prototype;
++//+Not+used+new+Error()+here+because+an+exception+would+be+raised+here,
++//+but+we+need+to+raise+the+exception+when+CustomError+instance+is+created.
++CustomError.prototype+=+Object.create(Error.prototype,+{
++++//fixes+the+link+to+the+constructor+(ES5)
++++constructor:+setDescriptor(CustomError),
++++name:+setDescriptor('JSU+Error')
++});

++function+setDescriptor(value)+{
++++return+{
++++++configurable:+false,
++++++enumerable:+false,
++++++writable:+false,
++++++value:+value
++++};
++}

++//returns+the+constructor
++return+CustomError;
}());|code-block|syntax|javascript|655294|用法|655295|CustomError构造函数可以接收许多参数来构建消息，例如|655296|var+err1+=+new+CustomError("The+url+of+file+is+required"),
++++err2+=+new+CustomError("Invalid+Date:+{0}",+%2B"date"),
++++err3+=+new+CustomError("The+length+must+be+greater+than+{0}",+4),
++++err4+=+new+CustomError("Properties+.{0}+and+.{1}+don't+exist",+"p1",+"p2");

throw+err4;|655297|下面是自定义错误的外观：|655298|​|655299|📷|atomic|655300|655301|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Error|1|IMAGE|IMMUTABLE|imageUrl|https://ask.qcloudimg.com/http-save/yehe-900000/ef7185a038e29ce41a9ff2a41af02053.png|imageAlt^0|P|3|V|5|1A|H|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|1|1|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|1H|8|@$9|1I|A|1J|B|C]|$9|1K|A|1L|B|D]]|E|@$9|1M|A|1N|1|1O]]|F|$]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|1P|8|@]|E|@]|F|$]]|$1|I|3|J|5|6|7|1Q|8|@]|E|@]|F|$]]|$1|K|3|L|5|M|7|1R|8|@]|E|@]|F|$N|O]]|$1|P|3|Q|5|6|7|1S|8|@]|E|@]|F|$]]|$1|R|3|S|5|6|7|1T|8|@]|E|@]|F|$]]|$1|T|3|U|5|M|7|1U|8|@]|E|@]|F|$N|O]]|$1|V|3|W|5|6|7|1V|8|@]|E|@]|F|$]]|$1|X|3|Y|5|6|7|1W|8|@]|E|@]|F|$]]|$1|Z|3|10|5|11|7|1X|8|@]|E|@$9|1Y|A|1Z|1|20]]|F|$]]|$1|12|3|Y|5|6|7|21|8|@]|E|@]|F|$]]|$1|13|3|-4|5|6|7|22|8|@]|E|@]|F|$]]]|14|$15|$5|16|17|18|F|$19|1A]]|1B|$5|1C|17|1D|F|$1E|1F|1G|-4]]]]

I used the Constructor Pattern to create the new error object. I defined the prototype chain such as an <code>Error</code> instance. See the MDN <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Error" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Error constructor</a> reference.

You can check this snippet on this <a href="https://gist.github.com/jherax/c2f151165ecb19b9f8e3" rel="nofollow noreferrer">gist</a>.

<h2>IMPLEMENTATION</h2>

<pre class="lang-js prettyprint-override"><code>// Creates user-defined exceptions
var CustomError = (function() {
 'use strict';

 //constructor
 function CustomError() {
 //enforces 'new' instance
 if (!(this instanceof CustomError)) {
 return new CustomError(arguments);
 }
 var error,
 //handles the arguments object when is passed by enforcing a 'new' instance
 args = Array.apply(null, typeof arguments[0] === 'object' ? arguments[0] : arguments),
 message = args.shift() || 'An exception has occurred';

 //builds the message with multiple arguments
 if (~message.indexOf('}')) {
 args.forEach(function(arg, i) {
 message = message.replace(RegExp('\\{' + i + '}', 'g'), arg);
 });
 }

 //gets the exception stack
 error = new Error(message);
 //access to CustomError.prototype.name
 error.name = this.name;

 //set the properties of the instance
 //in order to resemble an Error instance
 Object.defineProperties(this, {
 stack: {
 enumerable: false,
 get: function() { return error.stack; }
 },
 message: {
 enumerable: false,
 value: message
 }
 });
 }

 // Creates the prototype and prevents the direct reference to Error.prototype;
 // Not used new Error() here because an exception would be raised here,
 // but we need to raise the exception when CustomError instance is created.
 CustomError.prototype = Object.create(Error.prototype, {
 //fixes the link to the constructor (ES5)
 constructor: setDescriptor(CustomError),
 name: setDescriptor('JSU Error')
 });

 function setDescriptor(value) {
 return {
 configurable: false,
 enumerable: false,
 writable: false,
 value: value
 };
 }

 //returns the constructor
 return CustomError;
}());
</code></pre>

<h2>USAGE</h2>

The CustomError constructor can receive many arguments to build the message, e.g.


<pre><code>var err1 = new CustomError("The url of file is required"),
 err2 = new CustomError("Invalid Date: {0}", +"date"),
 err3 = new CustomError("The length must be greater than {0}", 4),
 err4 = new CustomError("Properties .{0} and .{1} don't exist", "p1", "p2");

throw err4;
</code></pre>

And this is how the custom error looks:

<a href="https://i.stack.imgur.com/QnUPb.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.stack.imgur.com/QnUPb.png" alt="Custom error prototype chain"></a>

blocks|key|4718318|text|Accoring+to+Joyent你不应该弄乱堆栈属性(我在这里的许多答案中都看到了)，因为它会对性能产生负面影响。他们是这样说的：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|4718319|4718320|+stack:一般来说，不要把它搞乱了。甚至不要增加它。只有当有人实际读取该属性时，V8才会计算它，这大大提高了处理可处理错误的性能。如果你只是为了增加它而读取这个属性，那么即使你的调用者不需要堆栈，你最终也会付出代价。|blockquote|style|BOLD|4718321|4718322|4718323|我喜欢并想提一下their+idea+of+wrapping+the+original+error，它是传递堆栈的一个很好的替代品。|4718324|因此，考虑到上面提到的情况，下面是我创建自定义错误的方法：|4718325|es5版本：|4718326|​|4718327|function+RError(options)+{
++++options+=+options+%7C%7C+{};+//+eslint-disable-line+no-param-reassign
++++this.name+=+options.name;
++++this.message+=+options.message;
++++this.cause+=+options.cause;

++++//+capture+stack+(this+property+is+supposed+to+be+treated+as+private)
++++this._err+=+new+Error();

++++//+create+an+iterable+chain
++++this.chain+=+this.cause+?+[this].concat(this.cause.chain)+:+[this];
}
RError.prototype+=+Object.create(Error.prototype,+{
++++constructor:+{
++++++++value:+RError,
++++++++writable:+true,
++++++++configurable:+true
++++}
});

Object.defineProperty(RError.prototype,+'stack',+{
++++get:+function+stack()+{
++++++++return+this.name+%2B+':+'+%2B+this.message+%2B+'\n'+%2B+this._err.stack.split('\n').slice(2).join('\n');
++++}
});

Object.defineProperty(RError.prototype,+'why',+{
++++get:+function+why()+{
++++++++var+_why+=+this.name+%2B+':+'+%2B+this.message;
++++++++for+(var+i+=+1;+i+<+this.chain.length;+i%2B%2B)+{
++++++++++++var+e+=+this.chain[i];
++++++++++++_why+%2B=+'+<-+'+%2B+e.name+%2B+':+'+%2B+e.message;
++++++++}
++++++++return+_why;
++++}
});

//+usage

function+fail()+{
++++throw+new+RError({
++++++++name:+'BAR',
++++++++message:+'I+messed+up.'
++++});
}

function+failFurther()+{
++++try+{
++++++++fail();
++++}+catch+(err)+{
++++++++throw+new+RError({
++++++++++++name:+'FOO',
++++++++++++message:+'Something+went+wrong.',
++++++++++++cause:+err
++++++++});
++++}
}

try+{
++++failFurther();
}+catch+(err)+{
++++console.error(err.why);
++++console.error(err.stack);
++++console.error(err.cause.stack);
}|code-block|syntax|javascript|4718328|4718329|es6版本：|4718330|4718331|class+RError+extends+Error+{
++++constructor({name,+message,+cause})+{
++++++++super();
++++++++this.name+=+name;
++++++++this.message+=+message;
++++++++this.cause+=+cause;
++++}
++++[Symbol.iterator]()+{
++++++++let+current+=+this;
++++++++let+done+=+false;
++++++++const+iterator+=+{
++++++++++++next()+{
++++++++++++++++const+val+=+current;
++++++++++++++++if+(done)+{
++++++++++++++++++++return+{+value:+val,+done:+true+};
++++++++++++++++}
++++++++++++++++current+=+current.cause;
++++++++++++++++if+(!val.cause)+{
++++++++++++++++++++done+=+true;
++++++++++++++++}
++++++++++++++++return+{+value:+val,+done:+false+};
++++++++++++}
++++++++};
++++++++return+iterator;
++++}
++++get+why()+{
++++++++let+_why+=+'';
++++++++for+(const+e+of+this)+{
++++++++++++_why+%2B=+`${_why.length+?+'+<-+'+:+''}${e.name}:+${e.message}`;
++++++++}
++++++++return+_why;
++++}
}

//+usage

function+fail()+{
++++throw+new+RError({
++++++++name:+'BAR',
++++++++message:+'I+messed+up.'
++++});
}

function+failFurther()+{
++++try+{
++++++++fail();
++++}+catch+(err)+{
++++++++throw+new+RError({
++++++++++++name:+'FOO',
++++++++++++message:+'Something+went+wrong.',
++++++++++++cause:+err
++++++++});
++++}
}

try+{
++++failFurther();
}+catch+(err)+{
++++console.error(err.why);
++++console.error(err.stack);
++++console.error(err.cause.stack);
}|4718332|4718333|我已经将我的解决方案放到了一个模块中，如下所示：https://www.npmjs.com/package/rerror|4718334|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://www.joyent.com/node-js/production/design/errors#4-augment-the--code-error--code--object-with-properties-that-explain-details|1|https://www.joyent.com/node-js/production/design/errors#5-if-you-pass-a-lower-level-error-to-your-caller-consider-wrapping-it-instead|2|https://www.npmjs.com/package/rerror^0|0|I|0|0|0|1|6|0|0|0|8|15|1|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|O|10|2|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|1J|8|@]|9|@$A|1K|B|1L|1|1M]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|1N|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|E|3|F|5|G|7|1O|8|@$A|1P|B|1Q|H|I]]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|J|3|-4|5|6|7|1R|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|K|3|-4|5|6|7|1S|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|L|3|M|5|6|7|1T|8|@]|9|@$A|1U|B|1V|1|1W]]|C|$]]|$1|N|3|O|5|6|7|1X|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|P|3|Q|5|6|7|1Y|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|R|3|S|5|6|7|1Z|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|T|3|U|5|V|7|20|8|@]|9|@]|C|$W|X]]|$1|Y|3|S|5|6|7|21|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|Z|3|10|5|6|7|22|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|11|3|S|5|6|7|23|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|12|3|13|5|V|7|24|8|@]|9|@]|C|$W|X]]|$1|14|3|S|5|6|7|25|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|15|3|16|5|6|7|26|8|@]|9|@$A|27|B|28|1|29]]|C|$]]|$1|17|3|-4|5|6|7|2A|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|18|$19|$5|1A|1B|1C|C|$1D|1E]]|1F|$5|1A|1B|1C|C|$1D|1G]]|1H|$5|1A|1B|1C|C|$1D|1I]]]]

<a href="https://www.joyent.com/node-js/production/design/errors#4-augment-the--code-error--code--object-with-properties-that-explain-details" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Accoring to Joyent</a> you shouldn’t mess with the stack property (which I see in lots of answers given here), because it will have a negative impact on performance. Here is what they say:

<blockquote>
 stack: generally, don't mess with this. Don't even augment it. V8 only computes it if someone actually reads the property, which improves performance dramatically for handlable errors. If you read the property just to augment it, you'll end up paying the cost even if your caller doesn't need the stack.
</blockquote>

I like and would like to mention <a href="https://www.joyent.com/node-js/production/design/errors#5-if-you-pass-a-lower-level-error-to-your-caller-consider-wrapping-it-instead" rel="nofollow noreferrer">their idea of wrapping the original error</a> which is a nice replacement for passing on the stack.

So here is how I create a custom error, considering the above mentioned:

<h1>es5 version:</h1>

<div class="snippet" data-lang="js" data-hide="false" data-console="true" data-babel="false">
<div class="snippet-code">
<pre class="snippet-code-js lang-js prettyprint-override"><code>function RError(options) {
 options = options || {}; // eslint-disable-line no-param-reassign
 this.name = options.name;
 this.message = options.message;
 this.cause = options.cause;

 // capture stack (this property is supposed to be treated as private)
 this._err = new Error();

 // create an iterable chain
 this.chain = this.cause ? [this].concat(this.cause.chain) : [this];
}
RError.prototype = Object.create(Error.prototype, {
 constructor: {
 value: RError,
 writable: true,
 configurable: true
 }
});

Object.defineProperty(RError.prototype, 'stack', {
 get: function stack() {
 return this.name + ': ' + this.message + '\n' + this._err.stack.split('\n').slice(2).join('\n');
 }
});

Object.defineProperty(RError.prototype, 'why', {
 get: function why() {
 var _why = this.name + ': ' + this.message;
 for (var i = 1; i &lt; this.chain.length; i++) {
 var e = this.chain[i];
 _why += ' &lt;- ' + e.name + ': ' + e.message;
 }
 return _why;
 }
});

// usage

function fail() {
 throw new RError({
 name: 'BAR',
 message: 'I messed up.'
 });
}

function failFurther() {
 try {
 fail();
 } catch (err) {
 throw new RError({
 name: 'FOO',
 message: 'Something went wrong.',
 cause: err
 });
 }
}

try {
 failFurther();
} catch (err) {
 console.error(err.why);
 console.error(err.stack);
 console.error(err.cause.stack);
}</code></pre>
</div>
</div>


<h1>es6 version:</h1>

<div class="snippet" data-lang="js" data-hide="false" data-console="true" data-babel="false">
<div class="snippet-code">
<pre class="snippet-code-js lang-js prettyprint-override"><code>class RError extends Error {
 constructor({name, message, cause}) {
 super();
 this.name = name;
 this.message = message;
 this.cause = cause;
 }
 [Symbol.iterator]() {
 let current = this;
 let done = false;
 const iterator = {
 next() {
 const val = current;
 if (done) {
 return { value: val, done: true };
 }
 current = current.cause;
 if (!val.cause) {
 done = true;
 }
 return { value: val, done: false };
 }
 };
 return iterator;
 }
 get why() {
 let _why = '';
 for (const e of this) {
 _why += `${_why.length ? ' &lt;- ' : ''}${e.name}: ${e.message}`;
 }
 return _why;
 }
}

// usage

function fail() {
 throw new RError({
 name: 'BAR',
 message: 'I messed up.'
 });
}

function failFurther() {
 try {
 fail();
 } catch (err) {
 throw new RError({
 name: 'FOO',
 message: 'Something went wrong.',
 cause: err
 });
 }
}

try {
 failFurther();
} catch (err) {
 console.error(err.why);
 console.error(err.stack);
 console.error(err.cause.stack);
}</code></pre>
</div>
</div>


I’ve put my solution into a module, here it is: <a href="https://www.npmjs.com/package/rerror" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://www.npmjs.com/package/rerror</a>

blocks|key|4718389|text|在ES2015中，您可以使用class干净利落地完成此操作：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|4718390|class+NotImplemented+extends+Error+{
++constructor(message+=+"",+...args)+{
++++super(message,+...args);
++++this.message+=+message+%2B+"+has+not+yet+been+implemented.";
++}
}|code-block|syntax|javascript|4718391|这不会修改全局Error原型，允许您自定义message、name和其他属性，并正确捕获堆栈。它的可读性也很好。|4718392|当然，如果您的代码将在较旧的浏览器上运行，则可能需要使用像babel这样的工具。|4718393|entityMap^0|E|5|0|0|7|5|L|7|T|4|0|T|5|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|Q|8|@$9|R|A|S|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|T|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|U|8|@$9|V|A|W|B|C]|$9|X|A|Y|B|C]|$9|Z|A|10|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|6|7|11|8|@$9|12|A|13|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|O|3|-4|5|6|7|14|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|P|$]]

In ES2015, you can use <code>class</code> to do this cleanly: 

<pre><code>class NotImplemented extends Error {
 constructor(message = "", ...args) {
 super(message, ...args);
 this.message = message + " has not yet been implemented.";
 }
}
</code></pre>

This does not modify the global <code>Error</code> prototype, allows you to customize <code>message</code>, <code>name</code>, and other attributes, and properly captures the stack. It's also pretty readable. 

Of course, you may need to use a tool like <code>babel</code> if your code will be running on older browsers.

blocks|key|655446|text|MDN有一个excellent+example|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|655447|try+{
++throw+new+Error('Whoops!');
}+catch+(e)+{
++console.log(e.name+%2B+':+'+%2B+e.message);
}|code-block|syntax|javascript|655448|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Error^0|6|H|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|9|@$A|R|B|S|1|T]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|F|7|U|8|@]|9|@]|C|$G|H]]|$1|I|3|-4|5|6|7|V|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|J|$K|$5|L|M|N|C|$O|P]]]]

MDN has an <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Error" rel="nofollow noreferrer">excellent example</a>:

<pre><code>try {
 throw new Error('Whoops!');
} catch (e) {
 console.log(e.name + ': ' + e.message);
}
</code></pre>

blocks|key|3875156|text|这是我的实现：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|3875157|class+HttpError+extends+Error+{
++constructor(message,+code+=+null,+status+=+null,+stack+=+null,+name+=+null)+{
++++super();
++++this.message+=+message;
++++this.status+=+500;

++++this.name+=+name+%7C%7C+this.constructor.name;
++++this.code+=+code+%7C%7C+`E_${this.name.toUpperCase()}`;
++++this.stack+=+stack+%7C%7C+null;
++}

++static+fromObject(error)+{
++++if+(error+instanceof+HttpError)+{
++++++return+error;
++++}
++++else+{
++++++const+{+message,+code,+status,+stack+}+=+error;
++++++return+new+ServerError(message,+code,+status,+stack,+error.constructor.name);
++++}
++}

++expose()+{
++++if+(this+instanceof+ClientError)+{
++++++return+{+...this+};
++++}
++++else+{
++++++return+{
++++++++name:+this.name,
++++++++code:+this.code,
++++++++status:+this.status,
++++++}
++++}
++}
}

class+ServerError+extends+HttpError+{}

class+ClientError+extends+HttpError+{+}

class+IncorrectCredentials+extends+ClientError+{
++constructor(...args)+{
++++super(...args);
++++this.status+=+400;
++}
}

class+ResourceNotFound+extends+ClientError+{
++constructor(...args)+{
++++super(...args);
++++this.status+=+404;
++}
}|code-block|syntax|javascript|3875158|示例用法#1:|offset|length|style|BOLD|3875159|app.use((req,+res,+next)+=>+{
++try+{
++++invalidFunction();
++}
++catch+(err)+{
++++const+error+=+HttpError.fromObject(err);
++++return+res.status(error.status).send(error.expose());
++}
});|3875160|示例用法#2:|3875161|router.post('/api/auth',+async+(req,+res)+=>+{
++try+{
++++const+isLogged+=+await+User.logIn(req.body.username,+req.body.password);

++++if+(!isLogged)+{
++++++throw+new+IncorrectCredentials('Incorrect+username+or+password');
++++}
++++else+{
++++++return+res.status(200).send({
++++++++token,
++++++});
++++}
++}
++catch+(err)+{
++++const+error+=+HttpError.fromObject(err);
++++return+res.status(error.status).send(error.expose());
++}
});|3875162|entityMap^0|0|0|0|7|0|0|0|7|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|U|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|V|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|W|8|@$I|X|J|Y|K|L]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|D|7|Z|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|O|3|P|5|6|7|10|8|@$I|11|J|12|K|L]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|Q|3|R|5|D|7|13|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|S|3|-4|5|6|7|14|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|T|$]]

This is my implementation:

<pre><code>class HttpError extends Error {
 constructor(message, code = null, status = null, stack = null, name = null) {
 super();
 this.message = message;
 this.status = 500;

 this.name = name || this.constructor.name;
 this.code = code || `E_${this.name.toUpperCase()}`;
 this.stack = stack || null;
 }

 static fromObject(error) {
 if (error instanceof HttpError) {
 return error;
 }
 else {
 const { message, code, status, stack } = error;
 return new ServerError(message, code, status, stack, error.constructor.name);
 }
 }

 expose() {
 if (this instanceof ClientError) {
 return { ...this };
 }
 else {
 return {
 name: this.name,
 code: this.code,
 status: this.status,
 }
 }
 }
}

class ServerError extends HttpError {}

class ClientError extends HttpError { }

class IncorrectCredentials extends ClientError {
 constructor(...args) {
 super(...args);
 this.status = 400;
 }
}

class ResourceNotFound extends ClientError {
 constructor(...args) {
 super(...args);
 this.status = 404;
 }
}
</code></pre>

Example usage #1:

<pre><code>app.use((req, res, next) =&gt; {
 try {
 invalidFunction();
 }
 catch (err) {
 const error = HttpError.fromObject(err);
 return res.status(error.status).send(error.expose());
 }
});
</code></pre>

Example usage #2:

<pre><code>router.post('/api/auth', async (req, res) =&gt; {
 try {
 const isLogged = await User.logIn(req.body.username, req.body.password);

 if (!isLogged) {
 throw new IncorrectCredentials('Incorrect username or password');
 }
 else {
 return res.status(200).send({
 token,
 });
 }
 }
 catch (err) {
 const error = HttpError.fromObject(err);
 return res.status(error.status).send(error.expose());
 }
});
</code></pre>

blocks|key|655487|text|我喜欢这样做：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|655488|stacktrace|655489|Attach+|unordered-list-item|655490|
|655491|利用了name，因此toString()向抛出了相同的东西，因此在example|offset|length|655492|Attach代码中看起来与在代码中检查/解析代码比检查消息更好，您可能希望将error.toString()|style|CODE|655493|的example|655494|655495|Attach消息本地化到error.code|655496|655497|​|655498|class+AppException+extends+Error+{
++constructor(code,+message)+{
++++const+fullMsg+=+message+?+`${code}:+${message}`+:+code;
++++super(fullMsg);
++++this.name+=+code;
++++this.code+=+code;
++++this.message+=+fullMsg;
++}
++
++toString()+{
++++return+this.message;
++}
}

//+Just+a+code
try+{
++throw+new+AppException('FORBIDDEN');
}+catch(e)+{
++console.error(e);
++console.error(e.toString());
++console.log(e.code+===+'FORBIDDEN');
}

//+A+code+and+a+message
try+{
++throw+new+AppException('FORBIDDEN',+'You+don\'t+have+access+to+this+page');
}+catch(e)+{
++console.error(e);
++console.error(e.toString());
++console.log(e.code+===+'FORBIDDEN');
}|code-block|syntax|javascript|655499|655500|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Error/name^0|0|0|0|0|3|4|0|0|12|G|0|0|0|C|A|0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|1C|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|1D|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|F|7|1E|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|1F|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|J|5|F|7|1G|8|@]|9|@$K|1H|L|1I|1|1J]]|A|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|F|7|1K|8|@$K|1L|L|1M|O|P]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|Q|3|R|5|6|7|1N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|S|3|H|5|6|7|1O|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|T|3|U|5|F|7|1P|8|@$K|1Q|L|1R|O|P]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|V|3|-4|5|6|7|1S|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|W|3|X|5|6|7|1T|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|Y|3|Z|5|10|7|1U|8|@]|9|@]|A|$11|12]]|$1|13|3|X|5|6|7|1V|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|14|3|-4|5|6|7|1W|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|15|$16|$5|17|18|19|A|$1A|1B]]]]

I like to do it like this:

<ul>
<li>Make use of <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Error/name" rel="nofollow noreferrer">name</a> so toString() throws <code>"{code}: {message}"</code></li>
<li>Return same thing to super so it appears the same in the stacktrace</li>
<li>Attach code to <code>error.code</code> as checking/parsing a code is better in code than checking a message, which you might want to localize for example</li>
<li>Attach message to <code>error.message</code> as an alternative to <code>error.toString()</code></li>
</ul>

<div class="snippet" data-lang="js" data-hide="false" data-console="true" data-babel="false">
<div class="snippet-code">
<pre class="snippet-code-js lang-js prettyprint-override"><code>class AppException extends Error {
 constructor(code, message) {
 const fullMsg = message ? `${code}: ${message}` : code;
 super(fullMsg);
 this.name = code;
 this.code = code;
 this.message = fullMsg;
 }
 
 toString() {
 return this.message;
 }
}

// Just a code
try {
 throw new AppException('FORBIDDEN');
} catch(e) {
 console.error(e);
 console.error(e.toString());
 console.log(e.code === 'FORBIDDEN');
}

// A code and a message
try {
 throw new AppException('FORBIDDEN', 'You don\'t have access to this page');
} catch(e) {
 console.error(e);
 console.error(e.toString());
 console.log(e.code === 'FORBIDDEN');
}</code></pre>
</div>
</div>

blocks|key|655526|text|以下内容摘自官方Mozilla文档Error。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|655527|function+NotImplementedError(message)+{
++++var+instance+=+new+Error(message);
++++instance.name+=+'NotImplementedError';

++++Object.setPrototypeOf(instance,+Object.getPrototypeOf(this));
++++if+(Error.captureStackTrace)+{
++++++++Error.captureStackTrace(instance,+NotImplementedError);
++++}
++++return+instance;
}

NotImplementedError.prototype+=+Object.create(Error.prototype,+{
++++constructor:+{
++++++++value:+Error,
++++++++enumerable:+false,
++++++++writable:+true,
++++++++configurable:+true
++++}
});|code-block|syntax|javascript|655528|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Error^0|H|5|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|9|@$A|R|B|S|1|T]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|F|7|U|8|@]|9|@]|C|$G|H]]|$1|I|3|-4|5|6|7|V|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|J|$K|$5|L|M|N|C|$O|P]]]]

The following worked for me taken from the official Mozilla documentation <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Error" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Error</a>.

<pre><code>function NotImplementedError(message) {
 var instance = new Error(message);
 instance.name = 'NotImplementedError';

 Object.setPrototypeOf(instance, Object.getPrototypeOf(this));
 if (Error.captureStackTrace) {
 Error.captureStackTrace(instance, NotImplementedError);
 }
 return instance;
}

NotImplementedError.prototype = Object.create(Error.prototype, {
 constructor: {
 value: Error,
 enumerable: false,
 writable: true,
 configurable: true
 }
});
</code></pre>

blocks|key|3875250|text|这是最快的方法：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|3875251|++++let+thisVar+=+false

++++if+(thisVar+===+false)+{
++++++++++++throw+new+Error("thisVar+is+false.+It+should+be+true.")
++++}|code-block|syntax|javascript|3875252|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

This is fastest way to do it:

<pre><code> let thisVar = false

 if (thisVar === false) {
 throw new Error("thisVar is false. It should be true.")
 }
</code></pre>

blocks|key|655579|text|class+NotImplementedError+extends+Error+{
++constructor(message)+{
++++super(message);
++++this.message+=+message;
++}
}
NotImplementedError.prototype.name+=+'NotImplementedError';
module.exports+=+NotImplementedError;|type|code-block|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|syntax|javascript|655580|和|unstyled|655581|try+{
++var+e+=+new+NotImplementedError("NotImplementedError+message");
++throw+e;
}+catch+(ex1)+{
++console.log(ex1.stack);
++console.log("ex1+instanceof+NotImplementedError+=+"+%2B+(ex1+instanceof+NotImplementedError));
++console.log("ex1+instanceof+Error+=+"+%2B+(ex1+instanceof+Error));
++console.log("ex1.name+=+"+%2B+ex1.name);
++console.log("ex1.message+=+"+%2B+ex1.message);
}|655582|它只是this+answer的一个类表示。|offset|length|655583|输出|655584|NotImplementedError:+NotImplementedError+message
++...stacktrace
ex1+instanceof+NotImplementedError+=+true
ex1+instanceof+Error+=+true
ex1.name+=+NotImplementedError
ex1.message+=+NotImplementedError+message|655585|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://stackoverflow.com/a/871646/1448511^0|0|0|0|3|4|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|Y|8|@]|9|@]|A|$B|C]]|$1|D|3|E|5|F|7|Z|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|10|8|@]|9|@]|A|$B|C]]|$1|I|3|J|5|F|7|11|8|@]|9|@$K|12|L|13|1|14]]|A|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|F|7|15|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|O|3|P|5|6|7|16|8|@]|9|@]|A|$B|C]]|$1|Q|3|-4|5|F|7|17|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|R|$S|$5|T|U|V|A|$W|X]]]]

<pre><code>class NotImplementedError extends Error {
 constructor(message) {
 super(message);
 this.message = message;
 }
}
NotImplementedError.prototype.name = 'NotImplementedError';
module.exports = NotImplementedError;
</code></pre>
and
<pre><code>try {
 var e = new NotImplementedError(&quot;NotImplementedError message&quot;);
 throw e;
} catch (ex1) {
 console.log(ex1.stack);
 console.log(&quot;ex1 instanceof NotImplementedError = &quot; + (ex1 instanceof NotImplementedError));
 console.log(&quot;ex1 instanceof Error = &quot; + (ex1 instanceof Error));
 console.log(&quot;ex1.name = &quot; + ex1.name);
 console.log(&quot;ex1.message = &quot; + ex1.message);
}
</code></pre>
It is just a class representation of <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/a/871646/1448511">this</a> answer.
output
<pre><code>NotImplementedError: NotImplementedError message
 ...stacktrace
ex1 instanceof NotImplementedError = true
ex1 instanceof Error = true
ex1.name = NotImplementedError
ex1.message = NotImplementedError message
</code></pre>

For some reason it looks like constructor delegation doesn't work in the following snippet:

<pre><code>function NotImplementedError() { 
 Error.apply(this, arguments); 
}
NotImplementedError.prototype = new Error();

var nie = new NotImplementedError("some message");
console.log("The message is: '"+nie.message+"'")
</code></pre>

Running this gives <code>The message is: ''</code>. Any ideas as to why, or if there is a better way to create a new <code>Error</code> subclass? Is there a problem with <code>apply</code>ing to the native <code>Error</code> constructor that I don't know about?

How do I create a custom Error in JavaScript?

翻译质量差，导致语言生硬或混乱。

没有提供实际的解决方法或示例。

解答不清晰，无法理解或解决问题。

页面排版不美观，阅读体验差。

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由于某些原因，构造函数委托在下面的代码片段中看起来不起作用：function NotImplementedError() {   Error.apply(this, arguments); }NotImplementedError.prototype = new Error();var nie = new NotImp...

问如何在JavaScript中创建自定义错误？
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