blocks|key|3548022|text|当命令是内置外壳时，在调用中添加一个shell=True。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|3548023|例如，对于dir，您可以键入：|3548024|import+subprocess
subprocess.call('dir',+shell=True)|code-block|syntax|javascript|3548025|引用documentation的话|3548026|3548027|只有当您想要执行的命令内置于外壳程序(例如，目录、或copy)时，才需要在Windows上指定shell=True。您不需要shell=True来运行批处理文件或基于控制台的可执行文件。|blockquote|BOLD|3548028|3548029|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://docs.python.org/3/library/subprocess.html#popen-constructor^0|I|A|0|5|3|0|0|2|D|0|0|0|M|3|Q|4|1B|A|1Q|A|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|12|8|@$9|13|A|14|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|15|8|@$9|16|A|17|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|J|7|18|8|@]|D|@]|E|$K|L]]|$1|M|3|N|5|6|7|19|8|@]|D|@$9|1A|A|1B|1|1C]]|E|$]]|$1|O|3|-4|5|6|7|1D|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|P|3|Q|5|R|7|1E|8|@$9|1F|A|1G|B|S]|$9|1H|A|1I|B|S]|$9|1J|A|1K|B|C]|$9|1L|A|1M|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|T|3|-4|5|6|7|1N|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|U|3|-4|5|6|7|1O|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|V|$W|$5|X|Y|Z|E|$10|11]]]]

When the command is a shell built-in, add a <code>shell=True</code> to the call.
E.g. for <code>dir</code> you would type:
<pre><code>import subprocess
subprocess.call('dir', shell=True)
</code></pre>
To quote from the <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/subprocess.html#popen-constructor" rel="noreferrer">documentation</a>:
<blockquote>
The only time you need to specify <code>shell=True</code> on Windows is when the command you wish to execute is built into the shell (e.g. dir or copy). You do not need <code>shell=True</code> to run a batch file or console-based executable.
</blockquote>

blocks|key|2140168|text|在Windows上，我相信subprocess+module+doesn't+look+in+the+PATH+unless+you+pass+shell=True是因为它在幕后使用了CreateProcess()。但是，如果您传递的参数可能来自程序外部，则shell=True可能会带来安全风险。要使subprocess能够找到正确的可执行文件，可以使用shutil.which。假设PATH中的可执行文件名为frob|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|2140169|subprocess.call([shutil.which('frob'),+arg1,+arg2])|code-block|syntax|javascript|2140170|(这适用于Python+3.3及更高版本。)|2140171|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://bugs.python.org/issue17023|1|https://docs.python.org/3/library/shutil.html#shutil.which^0|D|A|1F|4|20|A|2K|F|3L|A|47|A|4Y|C|5D|4|5Q|4|D|1X|0|4Y|C|1|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|W|8|@$9|X|A|Y|B|C]|$9|Z|A|10|B|C]|$9|11|A|12|B|C]|$9|13|A|14|B|C]|$9|15|A|16|B|C]|$9|17|A|18|B|C]|$9|19|A|1A|B|C]|$9|1B|A|1C|B|C]|$9|1D|A|1E|B|C]]|D|@$9|1F|A|1G|1|1H]|$9|1I|A|1J|1|1K]]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|1L|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|1M|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|M|3|-4|5|6|7|1N|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|N|$O|$5|P|Q|R|E|$S|T]]|U|$5|P|Q|R|E|$S|V]]]]

On Windows, I believe the <a href="https://bugs.python.org/issue17023" rel="noreferrer"><code>subprocess</code> module doesn't look in the <code>PATH</code> unless you pass <code>shell=True</code></a> because it use <code>CreateProcess()</code> behind the scenes. However, <code>shell=True</code> can be a security risk if you're passing arguments that may come from outside your program. To make <code>subprocess</code> nonetheless able to find the correct executable, you can use <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/shutil.html#shutil.which" rel="noreferrer"><code>shutil.which</code></a>. Suppose the executable in your <code>PATH</code> is named <code>frob</code>:

<pre><code>subprocess.call([shutil.which('frob'), arg1, arg2])
</code></pre>

(This works on Python 3.3 and above.)

blocks|key|3548109|text|在Windows上，你必须通过cmd.exe调用。正如阿帕拉拉提到的，Windows命令是在cmd.exe中实现的，而不是作为单独的可执行文件。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|3548110|例如：|3548111|subprocess.call(['cmd',+'/c',+'dir'])|code-block|syntax|javascript|3548112|/c告诉cmd运行以下命令|3548113|这比使用shell=True更安全，后者允许外壳注入。|3548114|entityMap^0|0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|O|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|F|7|Q|8|@]|9|@]|A|$G|H]]|$1|I|3|J|5|6|7|R|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|S|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|M|3|-4|5|6|7|T|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|N|$]]

On Windows you have to call through cmd.exe. As Apalala mentioned, Windows commands are implemented in cmd.exe not as separate executables.

e.g. 

<pre><code>subprocess.call(['cmd', '/c', 'dir'])
</code></pre>

/c tells cmd to run the follow command

This is safer than using shell=True, which allows shell injections.

blocks|key|1336104|text|如果您使用的是powershell，那么其中将包含subprocess.call(['powershell','-command','dir'])。Powershell支持大部分POSIX命令|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|1336105|entityMap^0|P|1C|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|H|8|@$9|I|A|J|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|G|$]]

If you are using powershell, then in it will be <code>subprocess.call(['powershell','-command','dir'])</code>. Powershell supports a large portion of POSIX commands

blocks|key|588787|text|引用文档中的以下内容：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|588788|在Python+3.5之前，这三个函数构成了子处理的高级API。现在，您可以在许多情况下使用run()，但许多现有代码都调用这些函数。|588789|所以:对于Python3.5和更高版本，使用subprocess.run而不是subprocess.call|588790|entityMap^0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|F|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|G|$]]

To quote from the documentation:

"Prior to Python 3.5, these three functions comprised the high level API to subprocess. You can now use run() in many cases, but lots of existing code calls these functions."

SO: instead of subprocess.call use subprocess.run for Python 3.5 and above

blocks|key|1332037|text|经过多次挠头之后，我发现运行位于C:\+Windows+\System32\中的文件，同时在64位计算机上运行32位版本的python是一个潜在的问题，因为Windows试图智取该进程，并将对C:\Windows\System32的调用重定向到C:\Windows\SysWOW64。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1332038|我在这里找到了一个如何解决这个问题的示例：http://code.activestate.com/recipes/578035-disable-file-system-redirector/|offset|length|1332039|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://code.activestate.com/recipes/578035-disable-file-system-redirector/^0|0|L|22|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|O|8|@]|9|@$D|P|E|Q|1|R]]|A|$]]|$1|F|3|-4|5|6|7|S|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|G|$H|$5|I|J|K|A|$L|M]]]]

After much head scratching, I discovered that running a file that is located in C:\Windows\System32\ while running a 32bit version of python on a 64bit machine is a potential issue, due to Windows trying to out-smart the process, and redirect calls to C:\Windows\System32 to C:\Windows\SysWOW64.

I found an example of how to fix this here:
<a href="http://code.activestate.com/recipes/578035-disable-file-system-redirector/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">http://code.activestate.com/recipes/578035-disable-file-system-redirector/</a>

blocks|key|2140375|text|我在调用PHP时遇到了同样的问题。原因是PHP不在PATH中，所以找不到PHP命令。但PowerShell发现它确实存在于当前位置，如果我信任此命令，它建议将'PHP‘替换为'.\PHP’。然后它运行得很好。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|2140376|entityMap^0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|D|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|-4|5|6|7|E|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|C|$]]

I met the same issue while I was calling a PHP. The reason is PHP isn't in PATH so the command PHP was not found. But PowerShell found it does exist in the current location and it suggests replacing the 'PHP' by the '.\PHP' if I trust this command. Then it runs well.

I am getting the following error:

<pre><code>WindowsError: [Error 2] The system cannot find the file specified
</code></pre>

My code is:

<pre><code>subprocess.call(["&lt;&lt;executable file found in PATH&gt;&gt;"])
</code></pre>

Windows 7, 64 bit. Python 3.x latest, stable.

Any ideas?

Thanks,

Windows can't find the file on subprocess.call()

翻译质量差，导致语言生硬或混乱。

没有提供实际的解决方法或示例。

解答不清晰，无法理解或解决问题。

页面排版不美观，阅读体验差。

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我收到以下错误：WindowsError: [Error 2] The system cannot find the file specified我的代码是：subprocess.call(["<<executable file found in PATH>>"])Windows 7，64位。Python 3.x最新版...

问Windows在subprocess.call()上找不到该文件
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问Windows在subprocess.call()上找不到该文件EN