blocks|key|2090481|text|高级不是二进制值。从低级到高级，有一系列的语言。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|2090482|您命名的语言比汇编语言更高级，但比Lisp更低级。|2090483|根据Wikipedia的说法|offset|length|2090484|2090485|为计算机设计的第一种高级编程语言是Plankalkül，由Konrad+Zuse创建。|blockquote|2090486|2090487|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-level_programming_language|1|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plankalk%25C3%25BCl^0|0|0|2|9|0|0|0|H|A|1|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|W|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|X|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|Y|8|@]|9|@$F|Z|G|10|1|11]]|A|$]]|$1|H|3|-4|5|6|7|12|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|J|5|K|7|13|8|@]|9|@$F|14|G|15|1|16]]|A|$]]|$1|L|3|-4|5|6|7|17|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|M|3|-4|5|6|7|18|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|N|$O|$5|P|Q|R|A|$S|T]]|U|$5|P|Q|R|A|$S|V]]]]

High-level isn't a binary value. There are a whole range of languages in a spectrum from low-level to high-level.

The languages you named are higher level than assembly, but lower level than Lisp.

According to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-level_programming_language" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Wikipedia</a>:

<blockquote>
 The first high-level programming language to be designed for a computer was <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plankalk%C3%BCl" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Plankalkül</a>, created by Konrad Zuse.
</blockquote>

blocks|key|564114|text|Fortran+-第一种高级编程语言。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|564115|Simula+-第一种面向对象的语言。|564116|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|F|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|G|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|E|$]]

Fortran - first high level programming language.

Simula - first object-oriented language.

blocks|key|1307790|text|“高级”可以有不同的含义--一些语言比其他语言处于更高的级别，抽象离机器更远。最初的FORTRAN是在1957年交付的(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortran)，是AFAIK在比汇编更高的级别上实现的第一种语言。从那时起，其他语言可以被归类为更高级别的语言。例如，当前的FORTRAN标准Fortran+2003比最初的Fortran具有更高的抽象级别，提供了数组操作、一些面向对象的特性等。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|1307791|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortran^0|1O|10|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|L|8|@]|9|@$A|M|B|N|1|O]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|E|$F|$5|G|H|I|C|$J|K]]]]

"High-level" can have different meanings -- some languages are at higher-levels than others, abstracting farther away from the machine. The original FORTRAN was delivered in 1957 (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortran" rel="nofollow noreferrer">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortran</a>) and was, AFAIK, the first implemented language at a higher level than assembly. Other languages since then can be classified as higher-level. For example, the current Fortran standard, Fortran 2003, has a much higher level of abstraction than the original FORTRAN, providing array operations, some OO features, etc.

blocks|key|563150|text|从技术上讲，CoBOL被认为是一种“高级”语言。它有一些功能，并做了一些元素的内存管理。但在语言的规模上，我认为它比汇编语言高出约半级。这是我在所有这些方面的经验，如果你想贡献更多的语言，请编辑回复。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|563151|563152|0+-二进制机器码|unordered-list-item|563153|0.5-汇编程序|563154|1.0-+CoBOL、Fortran、Pascal、C|563155|1.5+-C%2B%2B|563156|H192.0-vb6+H210H1112.5-+C#、VB+.Net、Java等H2123.0-+Javascript、CSS、SQL+H214F215|563157|entityMap^0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|-4|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|C|3|D|5|E|7|R|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|E|7|S|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|E|7|T|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|J|3|K|5|E|7|U|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|L|3|M|5|6|7|V|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|N|3|-4|5|6|7|W|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|O|$]]

CoBOL is technically considered a "high-level" language. It has some functions, and does some elements of memory management. But in the scale of languages, I'd rank it about half of a step above assembler. This is my approximation from my experience with all of these, please edit the response if you want to contribute some more languages.

<ul>
<li>0 - Binary machine code</li>
<li>0.5 - Assembler</li>
<li>1.0 - CoBOL, Fortran, Pascal, C</li>
<li>1.5 - C++</li>
<li>2.0 - VB6</li>
<li>2.5 - C#, VB .Net, Java, etc</li>
<li>3.0 - Javascript, CSS, SQL</li>
</ul>

blocks|key|1311484|text|COBOL和FORTRAN+(就像现在一样)比C更高级。底层机器的抽象性更大。人们应该期望COBOL程序-即使是相当复杂的程序-可以在Windows或*Nix上编译而不做任何修改。Fortran也是如此(尽管我的知识在这里比较过时)。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1311485|COBOL的最新版本是非常高级的-请参阅托管cobol此处：http://knol.google.com/k/alex-turner/micro-focus-managed-cobol/2246polgkyjfl/4#|offset|length|1311486|请注意-我在一家COBOL公司工作-+Micro+Focus。这可能意味着我的输入是有偏见的:)|1311487|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://knol.google.com/k/alex-turner/micro-focus-managed-cobol/2246polgkyjfl/4#^0|0|U|27|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|9|@$D|R|E|S|1|T]]|A|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|U|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|H|3|-4|5|6|7|V|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|I|$J|$5|K|L|M|A|$N|O]]]]

COBOL and FORTRAN (as they are now) as higher level than C. The abstraction of underlying machine is greater. One should expect a COBOL program - even of considerable complexity - to compile on Windows or *Nix without alteration. The same is true of Fortran (though my knowledge is more out of date here). 

The latest versions of COBOL are very high level - see managed cobol here: <a href="http://knol.google.com/k/alex-turner/micro-focus-managed-cobol/2246polgkyjfl/4#" rel="nofollow noreferrer">http://knol.google.com/k/alex-turner/micro-focus-managed-cobol/2246polgkyjfl/4#</a>

Please note - I work for a COBOL company - Micro Focus. This might mean my input is biased :)

blocks|key|2090578|text|第一个面向对象的语言可能是Simula，尽管直到Smalltalk出现之前，没有多少人知道它。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|2090579|entityMap^0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|D|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|-4|5|6|7|E|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|C|$]]

The first OO language was probably Simula, though not many people knew it until Smalltalk came along.

blocks|key|1311397|text|至于你的最后一个问题：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1311398|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simula是最早的面向对象编程语言之一|offset|length|1311399|第一种或多或少流行的面向对象语言是http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smalltalk|1311400|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simula|1|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smalltalk^0|0|0|Z|0|0|H|12|1|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|R|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|S|8|@]|9|@$D|T|E|U|1|V]]|A|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|W|8|@]|9|@$D|X|E|Y|1|Z]]|A|$]]|$1|H|3|-4|5|6|7|10|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|I|$J|$5|K|L|M|A|$N|O]]|P|$5|K|L|M|A|$N|Q]]]]

As for your last question:

Among the first object oriented programming languages was <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simula" rel="nofollow noreferrer">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simula</a>

The first more or less popular object-oriented language was <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smalltalk" rel="nofollow noreferrer">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smalltalk</a>

blocks|key|1307743|text|它们之所以这样做，是因为它们隐藏了计算机硬件抽象，因此可以认为它们是高级别的。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1307744|根据维基百科的说法，第一种面向对象的语言是SmallTalk。|offset|length|1307745|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smalltalk^0|0|L|9|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|O|8|@]|9|@$D|P|E|Q|1|R]]|A|$]]|$1|F|3|-4|5|6|7|S|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|G|$H|$5|I|J|K|A|$L|M]]]]

They do since they hide computer hardware abstraction, so they can be considered as high-level.

The first object-oriented language was <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smalltalk" rel="nofollow noreferrer">SmallTalk</a>, according to Wikipedia.

blocks|key|2090661|text|它们都是相对的。对于那些编写Python的人来说，C是低级的，对于Java开发人员来说，C%2B%2B是低级的。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|2090662|至于OP的问题，是的，Fortran当然是高水平的。现代Fortran几乎就像MATLAB一样。|2090663|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|F|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|G|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|E|$]]

It's all relative. C is low level for those who write Python, C++ for Java developers and so on.

As for the OP's question, yes Fortran is certainly high level. Modern Fortran is almost like MATLAB.

Are Fortran, Cobol, Basic and Forth high level programming languages?

And if not, what where the first high level programming languages?

Which were the first object-oriented languages?

Are Fortran, Cobol, Basic and Forth high level programming languages?

翻译质量差，导致语言生硬或混乱。

没有提供实际的解决方法或示例。

解答不清晰，无法理解或解决问题。

页面排版不美观，阅读体验差。

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是Fortran、Cobol、Basic和Forth高级编程语言吗？如果没有，那么第一批高级编程语言在哪里呢？哪种语言是最早的面向对象语言？

问是Fortran、Cobol、Basic和Forth高级编程语言吗？
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