blocks|key|1596205|text|http://web.archive.org/web/20110708015633/http://panela.blog-city.com/python_at_google_greg_stein__sdforum.htm|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|1596206|1596207|blockquote|1596208|1596209|1596210|在哪里使用Python？|unordered-list-item|1596211|1596212|-+The+Google+build+system+is+written+in+python.++All+of+Google's+++corporate+code+is+checked+into+a+++repository+and+the+dependency+and+++building+of+this+code+is+managed+by+++python.++Greg+mentioned+that+to+create+++code.google.com+took+about+100+lines+++of+python+code.++But+since+it+has+so+++many+dependencies,+the+build+system+++generated+a+3+megabyte+makefile+for+++it!
-+Packaging.++Google+has+an+internal+packaging+format+like+RPM.++++These+packages+are+created+using+++python.
-+Binary+Data+Pusher.++This+is+the+area+where+Alex+Martelli+is+working,+++on+optimizing+pushing+bits+between+++thousands+of+servers
-+Production+servers.++All+monitoring,+restarting+and+data+++collection+functionality+is+done+with+++python
-+Reporting.++Logs+are+analyzed+and+reports+are+generated+using+++Python.
-+A+few+services+including+code.google.com+and+google+groups.++++Most+other+front+ends+are+in+C%2B%2B+++(google.com)+and+Java+(gmail).++All+++web+services+are+built+on+top+of+a+++highly+optimizing+http+server+wrapped+++with+SWIG.|code-block|syntax|javascript|1596213|​|1596214|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url^0|0|32|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|10|8|@]|9|@$A|11|B|12|1|13]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|14|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|E|3|-4|5|F|7|15|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|6|7|16|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|H|3|-4|5|6|7|17|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|I|3|J|5|K|7|18|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|L|3|-4|5|6|7|19|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|O|7|1A|8|@]|9|@]|C|$P|Q]]|$1|R|3|S|5|6|7|1B|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|T|3|-4|5|6|7|1C|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|U|$V|$5|W|X|Y|C|$Z|4]]]]

<a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20110708015633/http://panela.blog-city.com/python_at_google_greg_stein__sdforum.htm" rel="noreferrer">http://web.archive.org/web/20110708015633/http://panela.blog-city.com/python_at_google_greg_stein__sdforum.htm</a>

<blockquote>
 <ul>
 <li>Where is Python used?
 
 <ul>
 <li>The Google build system is written in python. All of Google's
 corporate code is checked into a
 repository and the dependency and
 building of this code is managed by
 python. Greg mentioned that to create
 code.google.com took about 100 lines
 of python code. But since it has so
 many dependencies, the build system
 generated a 3 megabyte makefile for
 it!</li>
 <li>Packaging. Google has an internal packaging format like RPM. 
 These packages are created using
 python.</li>
 <li>Binary Data Pusher. This is the area where Alex Martelli is working,
 on optimizing pushing bits between
 thousands of servers</li>
 <li>Production servers. All monitoring, restarting and data
 collection functionality is done with
 python</li>
 <li>Reporting. Logs are analyzed and reports are generated using
 Python.</li>
 <li>A few services including code.google.com and google groups. 
 Most other front ends are in C++
 (google.com) and Java (gmail). All
 web services are built on top of a
 highly optimizing http server wrapped
 with SWIG.</li>
 </ul></li>
 </ul>
</blockquote>

blocks|key|4154406|text|我可以告诉你，Facebook使用PHP作为前端表示层，后端主要是MySQL和(用于消息搜索)+Cassandra。更多信息可以在here上找到。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|4154407|谷歌使用BigTable作为后端存储库(我不知道他们是否使用MySQL或其他技术)。|4154408|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://gist.github.com/marcialwushu/6b5928f5f3f7f97a06139677513e6a2d^0|1T|4|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|N|8|@]|9|@$A|O|B|P|1|Q]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|R|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|F|3|-4|5|6|7|S|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|G|$H|$5|I|J|K|C|$L|M]]]]

I can tell you that Facebook uses PHP as a frontend presentation layer and backend is mostly MySQL and (for message search) Cassandra. More information can be found <a href="https://gist.github.com/marcialwushu/6b5928f5f3f7f97a06139677513e6a2d" rel="nofollow noreferrer">here</a>.

Google uses BigTable for backend repository (I don't know if they use MySQL or other technologies).

blocks|key|490469|text|谷歌使用Map+Reduce来处理海量数据，Facebook使用的是名为Hadoop的Map+Reduce的开源实现。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|490470|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MapReduce|1|http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=16121578919|2|http://hadoop.apache.org/^0|4|A|0|M|8|1|10|6|2|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@$A|Q|B|R|1|S]|$A|T|B|U|1|V]|$A|W|B|X|1|Y]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|Z|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|E|$F|$5|G|H|I|C|$J|K]]|L|$5|G|H|I|C|$J|M]]|N|$5|G|H|I|C|$J|O]]]]

Google makes use of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MapReduce" rel="nofollow">Map Reduce</a> to process huge amount of data.<a href="http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=16121578919" rel="nofollow">Facebook</a> uses an open source implementation of Map Reduce called <a href="http://hadoop.apache.org/" rel="nofollow">Hadoop</a>.

blocks|key|4154467|text|听说Facebook使用Erlang作为它的消息系统：http://gregosuri.com/how-facebook-uses-erlang-for-real-time-chat|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|4154468|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://gregosuri.com/how-facebook-uses-erlang-for-real-time-chat^0|R|1S|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|L|8|@]|9|@$A|M|B|N|1|O]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|E|$F|$5|G|H|I|C|$J|K]]]]

Heard a rumor that Facebook uses Erlang for its messaging system:
<a href="http://gregosuri.com/how-facebook-uses-erlang-for-real-time-chat" rel="nofollow">http://gregosuri.com/how-facebook-uses-erlang-for-real-time-chat</a>

blocks|key|1594467|text|Facebook使用HBase作为其消息传递基础设施。附上了Facebook发表的关于他们如何使用HBase和他们所做的优化的论文。这是一本好书：http://sites.computer.org/debull/A12june/facebook.pdf|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|1594468|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://sites.computer.org/debull/A12june/facebook.pdf^0|21|1H|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|L|8|@]|9|@$A|M|B|N|1|O]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|E|$F|$5|G|H|I|C|$J|K]]]]

Facebook uses HBase for its messaging infrastructure. Have attached the paper published by Facebook on how they used HBase and the optimizations they have done. Its a good read: <a href="http://sites.computer.org/debull/A12june/facebook.pdf" rel="nofollow">http://sites.computer.org/debull/A12june/facebook.pdf</a>

blocks|key|1596245|text|谷歌树鲸：Google+File+System，BigTable和MapReduce|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|1596246|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://labs.google.com/papers/gfs.html|1|http://research.google.com/archive/bigtable.html|2|http://labs.google.com/papers/mapreduce.html^0|5|I|0|O|8|1|X|9|2|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@$A|Q|B|R|1|S]|$A|T|B|U|1|V]|$A|W|B|X|1|Y]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|Z|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|E|$F|$5|G|H|I|C|$J|K]]|L|$5|G|H|I|C|$J|M]]|N|$5|G|H|I|C|$J|O]]]]

Google tree whales: <a href="http://labs.google.com/papers/gfs.html" rel="nofollow">Google File System</a>, <a href="http://research.google.com/archive/bigtable.html" rel="nofollow">BigTable</a> and <a href="http://labs.google.com/papers/mapreduce.html" rel="nofollow">MapReduce</a>

blocks|key|4154534|text|由于您询问的是前端和后端，因此您可能会对这两者之间的部分感兴趣:它们如何在不同的系统之间通信。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|4154535|为此，谷歌和脸书分别使用Protocol+Buffers和Thrift。|offset|length|4154536|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://code.google.com/apis/protocolbuffers/|1|http://thrift.apache.org/^0|0|C|G|0|T|6|1|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|9|@$D|R|E|S|1|T]|$D|U|E|V|1|W]]|A|$]]|$1|F|3|-4|5|6|7|X|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|G|$H|$5|I|J|K|A|$L|M]]|N|$5|I|J|K|A|$L|O]]]]

Since you are asking about both front-end and back-end, you maybe interested in the part inbetween: How they communicate between different systems.

For this Google and Facebook use <a href="http://code.google.com/apis/protocolbuffers/" rel="nofollow">Protocol Buffers</a> and <a href="http://thrift.apache.org/" rel="nofollow">Thrift</a> respectively.

What technologies do Google and Facebook use for their back-end and front-end?

What are their database technologies, and languages they use to process the back-end data.

What front-end and back-end technologies do Google and Facebook use?

翻译质量差，导致语言生硬或混乱。

没有提供实际的解决方法或示例。

解答不清晰，无法理解或解决问题。

页面排版不美观，阅读体验差。

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Google和Facebook在他们的后端和前端使用了什么技术？他们的数据库技术是什么，以及他们用来处理后端数据的语言。

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