blocks|key|2083292|text|GNU+make提供了.VARIABLES，它保存所有全局变量的名称。但是，这包括内置变量(如MAKEFLAGS)。如果您必须排除内置变量，则可能需要像下面这样的过滤。下面的makefile使用info打印用户定义的变量(CUR-DIR、LOG-DIR|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|2083293|VARS_OLD+:=+$(.VARIABLES)
CUR-DIR+:=+$(shell+pwd)
LOG-DIR+:=+$(CUR-DIR)/make-logs
$(foreach+v,++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++\
++$(filter-out+$(VARS_OLD)+VARS_OLD,$(.VARIABLES)),+\
++$(info+$(v)+=+$($(v))))|code-block|syntax|javascript|2083294|(我将CURDIR重命名为CUR-DIR，因为CURDIR似乎是我系统中的一个内置变量)|2083295|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://www.gnu.org/software/make/manual/make.html#Special-Variables^0|1B|9|2P|4|33|7|3B|7|B|A|0|0|0|3|6|D|7|N|6|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|U|8|@$9|V|A|W|B|C]|$9|X|A|Y|B|C]|$9|Z|A|10|B|C]|$9|11|A|12|B|C]]|D|@$9|13|A|14|1|15]]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|16|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|17|8|@$9|18|A|19|B|C]|$9|1A|A|1B|B|C]|$9|1C|A|1D|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|M|3|-4|5|6|7|1E|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|N|$O|$5|P|Q|R|E|$S|T]]]]

GNU make provides <a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/make/manual/make.html#Special-Variables" rel="noreferrer">.VARIABLES</a>
which holds all global variables' names.
However, this includes built-in variables(like <code>MAKEFLAGS</code>).
If you have to exclude built-in variables, some filtering like the following
might be needed.
The following makefile prints user-defined variables(<code>CUR-DIR</code>, <code>LOG-DIR</code>)
using <code>info</code>:

<pre><code>VARS_OLD := $(.VARIABLES)
CUR-DIR := $(shell pwd)
LOG-DIR := $(CUR-DIR)/make-logs
$(foreach v, \
 $(filter-out $(VARS_OLD) VARS_OLD,$(.VARIABLES)), \
 $(info $(v) = $($(v))))
</code></pre>

(I renamed <code>CURDIR</code> to <code>CUR-DIR</code> because <code>CURDIR</code> seems to be a built-in
variable in my system)

blocks|key|2083324|text|我最终是这样做的：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|2083325|gmake+-pn+%7C+grep+-A1+"%5E#+makefile"%7C+grep+-v+"%5E#\%7C%5E--"+%7C+sort+%7C+uniq+>+makevars.txt|code-block|syntax|javascript|2083326|这就给出了：|2083327|CUR-DIR+:=+/home/johv/src/test
LOG-DIR+:=+/home/johv/src/test/make-logs
MAKEFILE_LIST+:=++Makefile
MAKEFLAGS+=+pn
SHELL+=+/bin/sh
VARS_OLD+:=+[...]|2083328|gmake+-pn非常冗长，看起来有点像这样：|offset|length|style|CODE|2083329|#+environment
GNOME2_PATH+=+/usr/local:/opt/gnome:/usr:/usr/local:/opt/gnome:/usr
#+automatic
@F+=+$(notdir+$@)
#+makefile
SHELL+=+/bin/sh
#+default
RM+=+rm+-f|2083330|entityMap^0|0|0|0|0|0|9|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|U|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|V|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|W|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|J|5|D|7|X|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|Y|8|@$M|Z|N|10|O|P]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|Q|3|R|5|D|7|11|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|S|3|-4|5|6|7|12|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|T|$]]

I ended up doing it like this:

<pre><code>gmake -pn | grep -A1 "^# makefile"| grep -v "^#\|^--" | sort | uniq &gt; makevars.txt
</code></pre>

which gives:

<pre><code>CUR-DIR := /home/johv/src/test
LOG-DIR := /home/johv/src/test/make-logs
MAKEFILE_LIST := Makefile
MAKEFLAGS = pn
SHELL = /bin/sh
VARS_OLD := [...]
</code></pre>

<code>gmake -pn</code> is really verbose and looks kinda like this:

<pre><code># environment
GNOME2_PATH = /usr/local:/opt/gnome:/usr:/usr/local:/opt/gnome:/usr
# automatic
@F = $(notdir $@)
# makefile
SHELL = /bin/sh
# default
RM = rm -f
</code></pre>

blocks|key|3982522|text|感谢@Ise+Wisteria，压缩下来，它显示了所有变量，对于具有多个makefile+(Buildroot)的大型项目很有用。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|3982523|$(foreach+v,+$(.VARIABLES),+$(info+$(v)+=+$($(v))))|code-block|syntax|javascript|3982524|输出：BR2_GCC_TARGET_TUNE+=+"cortex-a8"+...|offset|length|style|CODE|3982525|如果你得到一个像这样的错误：insufficient+number+of+arguments+(1)+to+function+'addprefix'这个项目有一些损坏的变量...我修剪了要显示的变量列表，只使用了前缀BR2_|3982526|$(foreach+v,+$(filter+BR2_%25,$(.VARIABLES)),+$(info+$(v)+=+$($(v))))|3982527|entityMap^0|0|0|3|X|0|E|1O|30|4|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|S|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|T|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|U|8|@$I|V|J|W|K|L]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|6|7|X|8|@$I|Y|J|Z|K|L]|$I|10|J|11|K|L]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|O|3|P|5|D|7|12|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|Q|3|-4|5|6|7|13|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|R|$]]

Thanks to @Ise Wisteria, condensed down, this shows all variables, useful for large projects with multiple makefiles (Buildroot).

<pre><code>$(foreach v, $(.VARIABLES), $(info $(v) = $($(v))))
</code></pre>

output: <code>BR2_GCC_TARGET_TUNE = "cortex-a8"</code> ...

If you get an error like: <code>insufficient number of arguments (1) to function 'addprefix'</code> this project had some broken variables... I trimmed the list of variables to show, only with a prefix <code>BR2_</code>

<pre><code>$(foreach v, $(filter BR2_%,$(.VARIABLES)), $(info $(v) = $($(v))))
</code></pre>

blocks|key|2083417|text|感谢@kevinf的好主意。我建议做一个小改动，以防止.VARIABLE本身在变量列表中打印出来：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|2083418|$(foreach+v,+$(filter-out+.VARIABLES,$(.VARIABLES)),+$(info+$(v)+=+$($(v))))|offset|length|style|CODE|2083419|entityMap^0|0|0|24|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|K|8|@$D|L|E|M|F|G]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|H|3|-4|5|6|7|N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|I|$]]

Thanks to @kevinf for the great idea. I would suggest a minor change to prevent .VARIABLE itself from printing out in the variable list:

<code>$(foreach v, $(filter-out .VARIABLES,$(.VARIABLES)), $(info $(v) = $($(v))))</code>

blocks|key|3697050|text|多亏了@kevinf的foreach解决方案--如果想将这个列表导出为某种程度上的机器可读文件，那么在使用echo或printf时会遇到不均匀的引号或换行符，因为Make不能正确地引用数据--需要使用$(file+...)函数来写入数据，以避免sh/bash抱怨无效语法。例如，在您的规则中使用以下内容--它打印变量名称、定义和扩展值：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|3697051|$(file+>+$(MAKEFILE_ENV_FILE),)
$(foreach+v,+$(.VARIABLES),+\
++++$(file+>>+$(MAKEFILE_ENV_FILE),$(v))+\
++++$(file+>>+$(MAKEFILE_ENV_FILE),++++:=+$(value+$(v)))+\
++++$(file+>>+$(MAKEFILE_ENV_FILE),++++==+$($(v)))+\
++++$(file+>>+$(MAKEFILE_ENV_FILE),)+\
)|code-block|syntax|javascript|3697052|(这仍然不允许总是区分带有两个换行符的恶意变量，因为这个变量现在在每个Makefile生成的换行符前面添加一个足够唯一的分隔符，紧跟在$(file+>>+NAME,TEXT)中的每个逗号之后)|offset|length|style|CODE|3697053|将MAKEFILE_ENV_FILE设置为某个文件名，例如：|3697054|MAKEFILE_ENV_FILE+:=+$(abspath+$(lastword+$(MAKEFILE_LIST))).env|3697055|entityMap^0|0|0|1V|K|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|S|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|T|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|U|8|@$I|V|J|W|K|L]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|6|7|X|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|O|3|P|5|D|7|Y|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|Q|3|-4|5|6|7|Z|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|R|$]]

Thanks to @kevinf for the foreach solution -- if one wants to export this list as a somewhat machine-readable file, one will have a hard time with uneven quotes or newlines when using echo or printf, since Make isn't able to quote the data correctly -- one needs to use the $(file ...) function to write the data to avoid sh/bash complaining about invalid syntax. For example, use this in your rule -- it prints variable name, definition and expanded value:

<pre><code>$(file &gt; $(MAKEFILE_ENV_FILE),)
$(foreach v, $(.VARIABLES), \
 $(file &gt;&gt; $(MAKEFILE_ENV_FILE),$(v)) \
 $(file &gt;&gt; $(MAKEFILE_ENV_FILE), := $(value $(v))) \
 $(file &gt;&gt; $(MAKEFILE_ENV_FILE), == $($(v))) \
 $(file &gt;&gt; $(MAKEFILE_ENV_FILE),) \
)
</code></pre>

(This will still not allow to always distinguish malicious variables with double newlines from two variables, for this one now add a sufficiently unique separator infront of each Makefile-generated newline just after each comma inside <code>$(file &gt;&gt; NAME,TEXT)</code>) 

Set MAKEFILE_ENV_FILE to some filename, e.g.:

<pre><code>MAKEFILE_ENV_FILE := $(abspath $(lastword $(MAKEFILE_LIST))).env
</code></pre>

blocks|key|3697088|text|这也是可行的，而无需保存所有的.VARIABLES并将其过滤掉。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|3697089|此外，如果makefile中的一个原始.VARIABLES被修改，那么投票最多的两个答案将不会捕捉到它。|3697090|查看$(origin)函数。此目标过滤并打印makefile中定义的所有变量：|3697091|print_file_vars:
++++$(foreach+v,+$(.VARIABLES),+$(if+$(filter+file,$(origin+$(v))),+$(info+$(v)=$($(v)))))|code-block|syntax|javascript|3697092|通过这种方式，我只获得了几个多余的变量：CURDIR+SHELL+MAKEFILE_LIST+.DEFAULT_GOAL+MAKEFLAGS。|3697093|可以用environment或command+line替换file，以打印相应类型的变量。|3697094|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://www.gnu.org/savannah-checkouts/gnu/make/manual/html_node/Origin-Function.html#Origin-Function^0|F|A|0|J|A|0|2|9|0|0|0|K|1E|0|3|B|F|C|T|4|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|10|8|@$9|11|A|12|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|13|8|@$9|14|A|15|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|6|7|16|8|@]|D|@$9|17|A|18|1|19]]|E|$]]|$1|J|3|K|5|L|7|1A|8|@]|D|@]|E|$M|N]]|$1|O|3|P|5|6|7|1B|8|@$9|1C|A|1D|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|Q|3|R|5|6|7|1E|8|@$9|1F|A|1G|B|C]|$9|1H|A|1I|B|C]|$9|1J|A|1K|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|S|3|-4|5|6|7|1L|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|T|$U|$5|V|W|X|E|$Y|Z]]]]

It's also doable without saving all the <code>.VARIABLES</code> and filtering them out.

Moreover, if one of the original <code>.VARIABLES</code> was modified in your makefile, the two most voted answers won't catch it.

Check out <a href="https://www.gnu.org/savannah-checkouts/gnu/make/manual/html_node/Origin-Function.html#Origin-Function" rel="noreferrer">$(origin)</a> function. This target filters out and prints all the variables that were defined in a makefile:

<pre><code>print_file_vars:
 $(foreach v, $(.VARIABLES), $(if $(filter file,$(origin $(v))), $(info $(v)=$($(v)))))
</code></pre>

I get only a few excess variables this way: <code>CURDIR SHELL MAKEFILE_LIST .DEFAULT_GOAL MAKEFLAGS</code>.

One can replace <code>file</code> with <code>environment</code> or <code>command line</code> to print the respective kinds of variables.

blocks|key|2083538|text|这里有很多很好的答案，但是如果你的一些变量是递归的flavor，那么使用$($(v))就会有问题。这就是你应该使用$(value+$(v))的原因。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|2083539|这个变体稍微清理了一下，按名称对变量进行排序，并使输出更具可读性。|2083540|dump:
++++$(foreach+v,+\
++++++++$(shell+echo+"$(filter-out+.VARIABLES,$(.VARIABLES))"+%7C+tr+'+'+'\n'+%7C+sort),+\
++++++++$(info+$(shell+printf+"%25-20s"+"$(v)")=+$(value+$(v)))+\
++++)|code-block|syntax|javascript|2083541|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://www.gnu.org/software/make/manual/html_node/Flavor-Function.html^0|10|7|1L|D|P|6|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|U|8|@$9|V|A|W|B|C]|$9|X|A|Y|B|C]]|D|@$9|Z|A|10|1|11]]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|12|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|J|7|13|8|@]|D|@]|E|$K|L]]|$1|M|3|-4|5|6|7|14|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|N|$O|$5|P|Q|R|E|$S|T]]]]

There are a lot of good answers here, but you're going to have problems using <code>$($(v))</code> if some of your variables are of the recursive <a href="https://www.gnu.org/software/make/manual/html_node/Flavor-Function.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">flavor</a>. This is why you should use <code>$(value $(v))</code>.
This variation cleans this up a little bit, sorts variables by name and makes the output a bit more readable.
<pre><code>dump:
 $(foreach v, \
 $(shell echo &quot;$(filter-out .VARIABLES,$(.VARIABLES))&quot; | tr ' ' '\n' | sort), \
 $(info $(shell printf &quot;%-20s&quot; &quot;$(v)&quot;)= $(value $(v))) \
 )
</code></pre>

How can I list the current value of all variables (also called macros) in a Makefile when running make?

E.g. if this is in the Makefile:

<pre><code>CUR-DIR := $(shell /bin/pwd)
LOG-DIR := $(CUR-DIR)/make-logs
</code></pre>

Then I would like it to tell me:

<pre><code>CUR-DIR = /home/johv/src/test
LOG-DIR = /home/johv/src/test/make-logs
</code></pre>

gnu make: list the values of all variables (or "macros") in a particular run

翻译质量差，导致语言生硬或混乱。

没有提供实际的解决方法或示例。

解答不清晰，无法理解或解决问题。

页面排版不美观，阅读体验差。

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如何在运行make时列出Makefile中所有变量(也称为宏)的当前值？例如，如果它在Makefile中：CUR-DIR := $(shell /bin/pwd)LOG-DIR := $(CUR-DIR)/make-logs然后我想让它告诉我：CUR-DIR = /home/johv/src/testLOG-DIR =...

问gnu make:列出特定运行中所有变量(或“宏”)的值
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问gnu make:列出特定运行中所有变量(或“宏”)的值EN