blocks|key|2746561|text|def+initialize(params)
++params.each+do+%7Ckey,+value%7C
++++instance_variable_set("@#{key}",+value)
++end
end|type|code-block|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|syntax|javascript|2746562|unstyled|entityMap^0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|G|8|@]|9|@]|A|$B|C]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|E|7|H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|F|$]]

<pre><code>def initialize(params)
 params.each do |key, value|
 instance_variable_set("@#{key}", value)
 end
end
</code></pre>

blocks|key|2746570|text|您可以遍历这些键并调用setter。我更喜欢这样，因为如果你传递了一个无效的密钥，它就会被捕获。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|2746571|class+Foo
++attr_accessor+:name,+:age,+:email,+:gender,+:height

++def+initialize+params+=+{}
++++params.each+{+%7Ckey,+value%7C+send+"#{key}=",+value+}
++end
end

foo+=+Foo.new+name:+'Josh',+age:+456
foo.name++#+=>+"Josh"
foo.age+++#+=>+456
foo.email+#+=>+nil|code-block|syntax|javascript|2746572|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

You can just iterate over the keys and invoke the setters. I prefer this, because it will catch if you pass an invalid key.

<pre><code>class Foo
 attr_accessor :name, :age, :email, :gender, :height

 def initialize params = {}
 params.each { |key, value| send "#{key}=", value }
 end
end

foo = Foo.new name: 'Josh', age: 456
foo.name # =&gt; "Josh"
foo.age # =&gt; 456
foo.email # =&gt; nil
</code></pre>

blocks|key|4869602|text|为了利用Joshua+Cheek的答案进行一些概括|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|4869603|module+Initializable
++def+initialize(params+=+{})
++++params.each+do+%7Ckey,+value%7C
++++++setter+=+"#{key}="
++++++send(setter,+value)+if+respond_to?(setter.to_sym,+false)
++++end
++end
end

class+Foo
++include+Initializable

++attr_accessor+:name,+:age,+:email,+:gender,+:height
end

Foo.new+name:+'Josh',+age:+456
=>+#<Foo:0x007fdeac02ecb0+@name="Josh",+@age=456>|code-block|syntax|javascript|4869604|NB如果已经使用了初始化混合，并且我们需要自定义初始化，我们只需调用：|offset|length|style|BOLD|4869605|class+Foo
++include+Initializable

++attr_accessor+:name,+:age,+:email,+:gender,+:height,+:handler

++def+initialize(*)
++++super

++++self.handler+=+"#{self.name}+#{self.age}"
++end
end

Foo.new+name:+'Josh',+age:+45
=>+#<Foo:0x007fe94c0446f0+@name="Josh",+@age=45,+@handler="Josh+45">+|4869606|entityMap^0|0|0|0|2|Y|1|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|R|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|S|8|@$I|T|J|U|K|L]|$I|V|J|W|K|L]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|D|7|X|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|O|3|-4|5|6|7|Y|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|P|$]]

To capitalize on Joshua Cheek's answer with a bit of generalization

<pre><code>module Initializable
 def initialize(params = {})
 params.each do |key, value|
 setter = "#{key}="
 send(setter, value) if respond_to?(setter.to_sym, false)
 end
 end
end

class Foo
 include Initializable

 attr_accessor :name, :age, :email, :gender, :height
end

Foo.new name: 'Josh', age: 456
=&gt; #&lt;Foo:0x007fdeac02ecb0 @name="Josh", @age=456&gt;
</code></pre>

NB If the initialization mix-in has been used and we need custom initialization, we'd just call super:

<pre><code>class Foo
 include Initializable

 attr_accessor :name, :age, :email, :gender, :height, :handler

 def initialize(*)
 super

 self.handler = "#{self.name} #{self.age}"
 end
end

Foo.new name: 'Josh', age: 45
=&gt; #&lt;Foo:0x007fe94c0446f0 @name="Josh", @age=45, @handler="Josh 45"&gt; 
</code></pre>

blocks|key|4957237|text|Foo+=+Struct.new(:name,+:age,+:email,+:gender,+:height)|type|code-block|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|syntax|javascript|4957238|对于一个功能齐全的类来说，这已经足够了。演示：|unstyled|4957239|p+Foo.class+#+Class

employee+=+Foo.new("smith",+29,+"smith@foo.com",+"m",+1.75)+#create+an+instance
p+employee.class+#+Foo
p+employee.methods.sort+#+huge+list+which+includes+name,+name=,+age,+age=+etc|4957240|entityMap^0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$B|C]]|$1|D|3|E|5|F|7|L|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|M|8|@]|9|@]|A|$B|C]]|$1|I|3|-4|5|F|7|N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|J|$]]

<pre><code>Foo = Struct.new(:name, :age, :email, :gender, :height)
</code></pre>

This is enough for a fully functioning class. Demo:

<pre><code>p Foo.class # Class

employee = Foo.new("smith", 29, "smith@foo.com", "m", 1.75) #create an instance
p employee.class # Foo
p employee.methods.sort # huge list which includes name, name=, age, age= etc
</code></pre>

blocks|key|2746652|text|为什么不显式指定一个实际的参数列表呢？|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|2746653|class+Foo
++attr_accessor+:name,+:age,+:email,+:gender,+:height

++def+initialize(name,+age,+email,+gender,+height)
++++@name+=+name
++++@age+=+age
++++@email+=+email
++++@gender+=+gender
++++@height+=+height
++end
end|code-block|syntax|javascript|2746654|这个版本可能比其他版本的代码行更多，但它可以更容易地利用内置的语言功能(例如，参数的默认值或在调用initialize时使用不正确的参数时引发错误)。|offset|length|style|CODE|2746655|entityMap^0|0|0|1D|A|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|O|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|Q|8|@$I|R|J|S|K|L]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|M|3|-4|5|6|7|T|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|N|$]]

Why not just explicitly specify an actual list of arguments?

<pre><code>class Foo
 attr_accessor :name, :age, :email, :gender, :height

 def initialize(name, age, email, gender, height)
 @name = name
 @age = age
 @email = email
 @gender = gender
 @height = height
 end
end
</code></pre>

This version may be more lines of code than others, but it makes it easier to leverage built-in language features (e.g. default values for arguments or raising errors if <code>initialize</code> is called with incorrect arity).

blocks|key|2746619|text|使用params中的所有键是不正确的，您可以定义不需要的名称。我觉得应该是白名单上的名字|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|2746620|class+Foo
+++@@attributes+=+[:name,+:age,+:email,+:gender,+:height]++

+++@@attributes.each+do+%7Cattr%7C
+++++class_eval+{+attr_accessor+"#{attr}"+}
+++end++

+++def+initialize+params
+++++@@attributes.each+do+%7Cattr%7C
+++++++instance_variable_set("@#{attr}",+params[attr])+if+params[attr]
+++++end++
+++end
end

Foo.new({:name+=>+'test'}).name+#=>+'test'|code-block|syntax|javascript|2746621|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

Using all keys from params is not correct, you can define unwilling names. I think it should be kinda white list of names

<pre><code>class Foo
 @@attributes = [:name, :age, :email, :gender, :height] 

 @@attributes.each do |attr|
 class_eval { attr_accessor "#{attr}" }
 end 

 def initialize params
 @@attributes.each do |attr|
 instance_variable_set("@#{attr}", params[attr]) if params[attr]
 end 
 end
end

Foo.new({:name =&gt; 'test'}).name #=&gt; 'test'
</code></pre>

blocks|key|3227861|text|如果您正在接收一个散列作为唯一的参数，为什么不将其作为一个实例变量呢？当你需要一个值的时候，从散列中调用它。您可以保持实例变量名简短，以便可以轻松地调用它。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|3227862|class+Foo
++attr_reader+:p
++def+initalize+p
++++@p+=+p
++end
++def+foo
++++do_something_with(@p[:name])
++++...
++end
end|code-block|syntax|javascript|3227863|如果proc对您来说仍然太长，那么您可以将@p[:name]保存为实例变量，并调用相关的值，如@p.(:name)。|offset|length|style|CODE|3227864|class+Foo
++attr_reader+:p
++def+initialize+p
++++@p+=+->x{p[x]}
++end
++def+foo
++++do_something_with(@p.(:name))
++++...
++end
end|3227865|或者，还有一种替代方法是定义一个调用散列并应用键的方法。|3227866|class+Foo
++def+initalize+p
++++@p+=+p
++end
++def+get+key
++++@p[key]
++end
++def+foo
++++do_something_with(get(:name))
++++...
++end
end|3227867|如果想要设置这些值，可以定义一个setter方法，如果需要，还可以进一步检查无效的键。|3227868|class+Foo
++Keys+=+[:name,+:age,+:email,+:gender,+:height]
++def+initalize+p
++++raise+"Invalid+key+in+argument"+unless+(p.keys+-+Keys).empty?
++++@p+=+p
++end
++def+set+key,+value
++++raise+"Invalid+key"+unless+Keys.key?(key)
++++@p[key]+=+value
++end
++def+get+key
++++@p[key]
++end
++def+foo
++++do_something_with(get(:name))
++++...
++end
end|3227869|entityMap^0|0|0|L|9|1B|A|0|0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|Y|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|Z|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|10|8|@$I|11|J|12|K|L]|$I|13|J|14|K|L]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|D|7|15|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|O|3|P|5|6|7|16|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|Q|3|R|5|D|7|17|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|S|3|T|5|6|7|18|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|U|3|V|5|D|7|19|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|W|3|-4|5|6|7|1A|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|X|$]]

If you are receiving a hash as the sole argument, why not just keep that as an instance variable? Whenever you need a value, call it from the hash. You can keep the instance variable name short so that it can be easily called.

<pre><code>class Foo
 attr_reader :p
 def initalize p
 @p = p
 end
 def foo
 do_something_with(@p[:name])
 ...
 end
end
</code></pre>

If <code>@p[:name]</code> is still too lengthy for you, then you can save a proc as an instance variable, and call the relevant value like <code>@p.(:name)</code>.

<pre><code>class Foo
 attr_reader :p
 def initialize p
 @p = -&gt;x{p[x]}
 end
 def foo
 do_something_with(@p.(:name))
 ...
 end
end
</code></pre>

Or, still an alternative way is to define a method that calls the hash and applies the key.

<pre><code>class Foo
 def initalize p
 @p = p
 end
 def get key
 @p[key]
 end
 def foo
 do_something_with(get(:name))
 ...
 end
end
</code></pre>

If want to set the values, you can define a setter method, and further check for invalid keys if you want.

<pre><code>class Foo
 Keys = [:name, :age, :email, :gender, :height]
 def initalize p
 raise "Invalid key in argument" unless (p.keys - Keys).empty?
 @p = p
 end
 def set key, value
 raise "Invalid key" unless Keys.key?(key)
 @p[key] = value
 end
 def get key
 @p[key]
 end
 def foo
 do_something_with(get(:name))
 ...
 end
end
</code></pre>

<pre><code>class Foo
 attr_accessor :name, :age, :email, :gender, :height

 def initalize params
 @name = params[:name]
 @age = params[:age]
 @email = params[:email]
 .
 .
 .
 end
</code></pre>

This seems like a silly way of doing it. What is a better/more idiomatic way of initalizing objects in Ruby?

Ruby 1.9.3

How to cleanly initialize attributes in Ruby with new?

翻译质量差，导致语言生硬或混乱。

没有提供实际的解决方法或示例。

解答不清晰，无法理解或解决问题。

页面排版不美观，阅读体验差。

文章

问答

视频

学习中心

腾讯云实验室

直播

竞赛

腾讯云代码分析专区

腾讯iOA零信任安全管理系统专区

腾讯云架构师技术同盟交流圈

腾讯云数据库专区

腾讯云顾问专区

腾讯云原生专区

腾讯混元专区

腾讯云TCE专区

腾讯云Lighthouse专区

腾讯云HAI专区

腾讯云Edgeone专区

腾讯云存储专区

腾讯云智能专区

腾讯轻联专区 

腾讯云开发专区

TAPD专区

腾讯轻量云游戏服专区

腾讯云最具价值专家

腾讯云架构师技术同盟

腾讯云创作之星

腾讯云开发者先锋

腾讯云代码助手

云原生构建

TAPD 敏捷项目管理

Cloud Studio

SDK中心

API中心

命令行工具

涵盖代码开发、场景应用、自动测试全流程，助你从零构建专属AI助手

一站式MCP教程库，解锁AI应用新玩法

class Foo  attr_accessor :name, :age, :email, :gender, :height  def initalize params    @name = params[:name]    @age = params[:age]    @email = params[:email]    .    .    .  end这似乎是一种愚蠢的做法。在Ruby中初始化

问如何用new干净地初始化Ruby中的属性？
EN

回答 7

Stack Overflow用户

Stack Overflow用户

Stack Overflow用户

社区

活动

圈层

关于

腾讯云开发者

热门产品

热门推荐

更多推荐

问如何用new干净地初始化Ruby中的属性？EN

回答 7

Stack Overflow用户

Stack Overflow用户

Stack Overflow用户

社区

活动

圈层

关于

腾讯云开发者

热门产品

热门推荐

更多推荐

问如何用new干净地初始化Ruby中的属性？
EN