我有一个重复出现的问题,我目前正在处理这样的问题-
一个POST变量进入脚本,它有一个平台,平台来自一个列表,例如: xbox,ps3,pc,mobileapp,mobilegame等
对于每个不同的平台,我希望能够在我的脚本中做一些不同的事情,但在某些情况下,我希望代码在此刻做一些类似的事情,我这样做:
$platformArray = array(
'ps3'=>array('displayName'=>'playstation 3','function'=>'funcPS3'),
'xbox'=>array('displayName'=>'Xbox','function'=>'funcXbox')
)
//similar amongst all platforms code on line below
echo 'you have a :'.$platformArray[$_POST['platform']]['displayName'].' for playing games';
call_user_func($platformArray[$_POST['platform']['function']);
function funcPS3(){
echo 'ps3 specific code';
}
function funcXbox(){
echo 'xbox specific code';
}
我想在我的代码中转向OOP方法,我想使用对象作为我的数据存储媒介,而不是像我现在所做的那样使用数组,但我有时确实需要提前在代码中定义属性,如果不使用对象,我该如何做以上的事情呢?
发布于 2013-02-28 05:35:03
我将从一个非常简单的OO版本,到被认为是“好的”OO代码,使用多态行为和避免全局状态。
1.不是多态的,有全局静态数据
这非常糟糕,因为它实际上只是过程代码上的一个包装器对象。它需要一个函数映射来调用每种类型的平台。
class Platform {
private static $platformArray = array(
'ps3' => array(
'displayName'=>'playstation 3',
'function'=>'funcPS3'
),
'xbox' => array(
'displayName'=>'Xbox',
'function'=>'funcXbox'
)
);
private $type;
public function __construct($type) {
if (!array_key_exists($type, self::$platformArray)) {
throw new Exception("Invalid Platform type $type" );
}
$this->type = $type;
}
public function printCode() {
// This was a question embedded within your question, you can use
// http://php.net/manual/en/function.call-user-func.php
// and pass an instance with a method name.
return call_user_func( array($this, self::$platformArray[$this->type]) );
}
private function funcPS3(){
echo 'ps3 specific code';
}
private function funcXbox(){
echo 'xbox specific code';
}
}
$plat = new Platform($_POST['platform']);
$plat->printCode();
2.多态...但它仍然使用全局数据
By creating a base class您可以在子类中实现行为,为每个关注点创建单独的类。这里最大的问题是子类需要向全局注册表注册。
abstract class Platform {
abstract protected function getCode();
public function printCode() {
echo $this->getCode();
}
private function __construct() {} // so only factory can instantiate it
private static $platformArray = array();
public static function create($type) {
if (!array_key_exists($type, self::$platformArray)) {
throw new Exception("Invalid Platform type $type" );
}
return new self::$platformArray[$type];
}
public static function addPlatform($type, $ctor) {
if (!is_subclass_of($ctor, 'Platform')) {
throw new Exception("Invalid Constructor for Platform $ctor" );
}
self::$platformArray[$type] = $ctor;
}
}
class PlatformXBox extends Platform{
protected function getCode() {
return 'xbox specific code';
}
}
Platform::addPlatform('xbox', 'PlatformXBox');
class PlatformPs3 extends Platform {
protected function getCode() {
return 'ps3 specific code';
}
}
Platform::addPlatform('ps3', 'PlatformPs3');
$plat = Platform::create($_POST['platform']);
$plat->printCode();
3.多态,无全局数据
By putting your code into a namespace,避免了基类中的静态代码,也避免了将post参数直接映射到类中的危险。
namespace platform {
interface IPlatform {
public function getDisplayName();
public function getCode();
}
class PlatformFactory {
static public function create($platformType) {
$className = "\\platform\\$platformType";
if ( !is_subclass_of($className, "\\platform\\IPlatform") ){
return null;
}
return new $className;
}
}
class Xbox implements IPlatform {
public function getDisplayName(){
return 'xbox';
}
public function getCode(){
return 'xbox code';
}
}
class Ps3 implements IPlatform {
public function getDisplayName(){
return 'ps3';
}
public function getCode(){
return 'ps3 code';
}
}
}
现在,您可以像下面这样使用这些类
$platform = platform\PlatformFactory::create('xbox');
echo $platform->getCode() ."\n" ;
$platform2 = platform\PlatformFactory::create('ps3');
echo $platform2->getDisplayName()."\n";
$noPlatform = platform\PlatformFactory::create('dontexist');
if ($noPlatform) {
echo "This is bad, plaftorm 'dontexist' shouldn't have been created";
} else {
echo "Platform 'dontexist' doesn't exist";
}
发布于 2013-02-28 18:56:50
我建议您从了解多态性开始。This lecture应该是一个好的开始。
当您尝试创建基于某个标志的行为时,您应该实现两个具有相同接口的类:
class Xbox
{
private $displayName = 'XBox 360';
public function identify()
{
// Xbox-specific stuff
return ':::::::::::'. $this->displayName;
}
}
class PS3
{
private $displayName = 'Playstation 3';
public function identify()
{
// playstation-specific stuff
return '+++'. $this->displayName . '+++';
}
}
这两个类有同名的方法,但做不同的事情;
$platform = $_POST['platform'];
// classes in PHP are case-insensitive
// expected values would be: xbox, Xbox, ps3, pS3
if ( !class_exists($platform) )
{
echo "Platform '{$platform}' is not supported";
exit;
// since continuing at this point would cause a fatal error,
// better to simply exit
}
$object = new $platform;
echo $object->identify();
基本上,在这种情况下,您并不关心您使用的是哪种类型的平台。你所需要知道的就是它们都有相同的公共接口。这被称为“多态行为”。
发布于 2013-02-28 05:40:04
您可能希望创建一个名为platforms的类,并在该类中为每个平台创建一个不同的方法:
class platforms {
//Create your variables here, also called properties.
public $displayName;
//Create a function, also called a method for each platform you intent to use.
public function xboxPlatform(){
//Code comes here what you want to do.
}
}
希望这能有所帮助。
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/15122651
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