blocks|key|5333068|text|您可以使用ConfigParser。示例可以在here中找到。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|5333069|但是这个库希望您的key=value数据出现在某个[heading]下。例如，例如：|5333070|[mysqld]
user+=+mysql++#+Key+with+values
pid-file+=+/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
skip-external-locking
old_passwords+=+1
skip-bdb++++++#+Key+without+value
skip-innodb|code-block|syntax|javascript|5333071|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://docs.python.org/2/library/configparser.html|1|https://wiki.python.org/moin/ConfigParserExamples^0|5|C|5|C|0|N|4|1|0|9|3|D|5|P|9|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|W|8|@$9|X|A|Y|B|C]]|D|@$9|Z|A|10|1|11]|$9|12|A|13|1|14]]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|15|8|@$9|16|A|17|B|C]|$9|18|A|19|B|C]|$9|1A|A|1B|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|J|7|1C|8|@]|D|@]|E|$K|L]]|$1|M|3|-4|5|6|7|1D|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|N|$O|$5|P|Q|R|E|$S|T]]|U|$5|P|Q|R|E|$S|V]]]]

You can use <a href="https://docs.python.org/2/library/configparser.html" rel="noreferrer"><code>ConfigParser</code></a>. Sample example can be found <a href="https://wiki.python.org/moin/ConfigParserExamples" rel="noreferrer">here</a>.

But this library expects your <code>key</code>=<code>value</code> data to be present under some <code>[heading]</code>. For example, like:

<pre><code>[mysqld]
user = mysql # Key with values
pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
skip-external-locking
old_passwords = 1
skip-bdb # Key without value
skip-innodb
</code></pre>

blocks|key|5333111|text|仅使用python+std|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|5333112|import+re

envre+=+re.compile(r'''%5E([%5E\s=]%2B)=(?:[\s"']*)(.%2B?)(?:[\s"']*)$''')
result+=+{}
with+open('/etc/os-release')+as+ins:
++++for+line+in+ins:
++++++++match+=+envre.match(line)
++++++++if+match+is+not+None:
++++++++++++result[match.group(1)]+=+match.group(2)|code-block|syntax|javascript|5333113|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

Using only python std

<pre><code>import re

envre = re.compile(r'''^([^\s=]+)=(?:[\s"']*)(.+?)(?:[\s"']*)$''')
result = {}
with open('/etc/os-release') as ins:
 for line in ins:
 match = envre.match(line)
 if match is not None:
 result[match.group(1)] = match.group(2)
</code></pre>

blocks|key|5333178|text|这对你也是有效的：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|5333179|env_vars+=+[]+#+or+dict+{}
with+open(env_file)+as+f:
++++for+line+in+f:
++++++++if+line.startswith('#')+or+not+line.strip():
++++++++++++continue
++++++++#+if+'export'+not+in+line:
++++++++#+++++continue
++++++++#+Remove+leading+`export+`,+if+you+have+those
++++++++#+then,+split+name+/+value+pair
++++++++#+key,+value+=+line.replace('export+',+'',+1).strip().split('=',+1)
++++++++key,+value+=+line.strip().split('=',+1)
++++++++#+os.environ[key]+=+value++#+Load+to+local+environ
++++++++#+env_vars[key]+=+value+#+Save+to+a+dict,+initialized+env_vars+=+{}
++++++++env_vars.append({'name':+key,+'value':+value})+#+Save+to+a+list

print(env_vars)|code-block|syntax|javascript|5333180|在评论中，你会发现一些不同的方法来保存环境变量，还有一些解析选项，比如去掉前导关键字export。另一种方法是使用python-dotenv库。干杯。|offset|length|style|CODE|5333181|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://pypi.org/project/python-dotenv/^0|0|0|16|6|1L|D|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|U|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|V|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|W|8|@$I|X|J|Y|K|L]]|9|@$I|Z|J|10|1|11]]|A|$]]|$1|M|3|-4|5|6|7|12|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|N|$O|$5|P|Q|R|A|$S|T]]]]

This could also work for you:
<pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>env_vars = [] # or dict {}
with open(env_file) as f:
 for line in f:
 if line.startswith('#') or not line.strip():
 continue
 # if 'export' not in line:
 # continue
 # Remove leading `export `, if you have those
 # then, split name / value pair
 # key, value = line.replace('export ', '', 1).strip().split('=', 1)
 key, value = line.strip().split('=', 1)
 # os.environ[key] = value # Load to local environ
 # env_vars[key] = value # Save to a dict, initialized env_vars = {}
 env_vars.append({'name': key, 'value': value}) # Save to a list

print(env_vars)
</code></pre>
In the comments, you'll find a few different ways to save the env vars and also a few parsing options i.e. to get rid of the leading <code>export</code> keyword. Another way would be to use the <a href="https://pypi.org/project/python-dotenv/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">python-dotenv</a> library. Cheers.

blocks|key|3915492|text|以下是一个更紧凑的解决方案：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|3915493|import+os

with+open('.docker-compose-env',+'r')+as+fh:
++++vars_dict+=+dict(
++++++++tuple(line.split('='))
++++++++for+line+in+fh.readlines()+if+not+line.startswith('#')
++++)

print(vars_dict)
os.environ.update(vars_dict)|code-block|syntax|javascript|3915494|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

How about this for a more compact solution:

<pre><code>import os

with open('.docker-compose-env', 'r') as fh:
 vars_dict = dict(
 tuple(line.split('='))
 for line in fh.readlines() if not line.startswith('#')
 )

print(vars_dict)
os.environ.update(vars_dict)
</code></pre>

blocks|key|1805257|text|我使用Python+Dotenv+Library。只需安装库pip+install+python-dotenv，使用您的环境变量创建一个.env文件，然后将环境变量导入您的代码中，如下所示：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|1805258|import+os
from+dotenv+import+load_dotenv

load_dotenv()

MY_ENV_VAR+=+os.getenv('MY_ENV_VAR')|code-block|syntax|javascript|1805259|从.env文件：|1805260|MY_ENV_VAR="This+is+my+env+var+content."|1805261|当我需要在docker系统之外测试代码并准备将其返回到docker时，我就是这样做的。|1805262|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://pypi.org/project/python-dotenv^0|U|P|1W|4|3|L|0|0|0|1|4|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|Y|8|@$9|Z|A|10|B|C]|$9|11|A|12|B|C]]|D|@$9|13|A|14|1|15]]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|16|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|17|8|@$9|18|A|19|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|H|7|1A|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|O|3|P|5|6|7|1B|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|Q|3|-4|5|6|7|1C|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|R|$S|$5|T|U|V|E|$W|X]]]]

I use <a href="https://pypi.org/project/python-dotenv" rel="noreferrer">Python Dotenv Library</a>. Just install the library <code>pip install python-dotenv</code>, create a <code>.env</code> file with your environment variables, and import the environment variables in your code like this:
<pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>import os
from dotenv import load_dotenv

load_dotenv()

MY_ENV_VAR = os.getenv('MY_ENV_VAR')
</code></pre>
From the <code>.env</code> file:
<pre class="lang-sh prettyprint-override"><code>MY_ENV_VAR=&quot;This is my env var content.&quot;
</code></pre>
This is the way I do when I need to test code outside my docker system and prepare it to return it into docker again.

blocks|key|3915560|text|Dewald+Abrie发布了一个很好的解决方案，这里有一个忽略隔断线的轻微修改(\n)|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|3915561|def+get_env_data_as_dict(path:+str)+->+dict:
++++with+open(path,+'r')+as+f:
+++++++return+dict(tuple(line.replace('\n',+'').split('='))+for+line
++++++++++++++++in+f.readlines()+if+not+line.startswith('#'))

print(get_env_data_as_dict('../db.env'))|code-block|syntax|javascript|3915562|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

Dewald Abrie posted a good solution, here's a slight modification that ignores breaklines (\n)
<pre><code>def get_env_data_as_dict(path: str) -&gt; dict:
 with open(path, 'r') as f:
 return dict(tuple(line.replace('\n', '').split('=')) for line
 in f.readlines() if not line.startswith('#'))

print(get_env_data_as_dict('../db.env'))
</code></pre>

blocks|key|5333271|text|如果您的系统/环境/工作流支持使用shell脚本，您可以创建一个脚本来包装这两个操作：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|5333272|使用|5333273|Sourcing+the+.env+file+and+exporting+them+as+environment+variables选项导出导出，其中创建或修改的每个变量或函数都被赋予set+-a属性，并标记为要导出到后续的环境中|ordered-list-item|offset|length|style|CODE|5333274|5333275|5333276|调用具有纯os.environ.get代码的Python脚本/应用程序|5333277|5333278|示例(config.env)：.env文件|BOLD|5333279|TYPE=prod
PORT=5000|code-block|syntax|javascript|5333280|Python代码示例(test.py)：|5333281|import+os

print(os.environ.get('TYPE'))
print(os.environ.get('PORT'))|5333282|示例bash脚本(run.sh)：|5333283|#!/usr/local/bin/bash

set+-a
source+config.env
set+%2Ba

python3+test.py|5333284|示例运行：|5333285|$+tree
.
├──+config.env
├──+run.sh
└──+test.py

$+echo+$TYPE

$+echo+$PORT

$+python3+test.py
None
None

$+./run.sh+
prod
5000|5333286|当您直接运行Python脚本(python3+test.py)而不使用source-ing+.env文件时，所有environ.get调用都将返回None。|5333287|但是，当您将其包装在一个shell脚本中时，该脚本首先将.env文件加载到环境变量中，然后运行Python脚本，Python脚本现在应该能够正确地读取环境变量。|5333288|与other+popular+answer相比，它不需要任何外部Python库。|5333289|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://stackoverflow.com/a/45971167/2745495|1|https://stackoverflow.com/a/61029741/2745495^0|0|0|2K|6|0|1U|0|0|0|0|5|E|0|0|3|A|0|0|B|7|0|0|9|6|0|0|0|0|F|F|Z|6|1K|B|21|4|0|0|1|K|1|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|1P|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|1Q|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|F|7|1R|8|@$G|1S|H|1T|I|J]]|9|@$G|1U|H|1V|1|1W]]|A|$]]|$1|K|3|-4|5|6|7|1X|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|L|3|-4|5|6|7|1Y|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|F|7|1Z|8|@$G|20|H|21|I|J]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|O|3|-4|5|6|7|22|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|P|3|Q|5|6|7|23|8|@$G|24|H|25|I|R]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|S|3|T|5|U|7|26|8|@]|9|@]|A|$V|W]]|$1|X|3|Y|5|6|7|27|8|@$G|28|H|29|I|R]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|Z|3|10|5|U|7|2A|8|@]|9|@]|A|$V|W]]|$1|11|3|12|5|6|7|2B|8|@$G|2C|H|2D|I|R]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|13|3|14|5|U|7|2E|8|@]|9|@]|A|$V|W]]|$1|15|3|16|5|6|7|2F|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|17|3|18|5|U|7|2G|8|@]|9|@]|A|$V|W]]|$1|19|3|1A|5|6|7|2H|8|@$G|2I|H|2J|I|J]|$G|2K|H|2L|I|J]|$G|2M|H|2N|I|J]|$G|2O|H|2P|I|J]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|1B|3|1C|5|6|7|2Q|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|1D|3|1E|5|6|7|2R|8|@]|9|@$G|2S|H|2T|1|2U]]|A|$]]|$1|1F|3|-4|5|6|7|2V|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|1G|$1H|$5|1I|1J|1K|A|$1L|1M]]|1N|$5|1I|1J|1K|A|$1L|1O]]]]

If your system/environment/workflow supports using shell scripts, you can create a script that wraps these 2 operations:
<ol>
<li><a href="https://stackoverflow.com/a/45971167/2745495">Sourcing the .env file and exporting them as environment variables</a>
<ul>
<li>Using the <code>set -a</code> option where &quot;Each variable or function that is created or modified is given the export attribute and marked for export to the environment of subsequent commands&quot;.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Calling your Python script/app that has plain <code>os.environ.get</code> code</li>
</ol>
Sample .env file (config.env):
<pre class="lang-none prettyprint-override"><code>TYPE=prod
PORT=5000
</code></pre>
Sample Python code (test.py):
<pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>import os

print(os.environ.get('TYPE'))
print(os.environ.get('PORT'))
</code></pre>
Sample bash script (run.sh):
<pre class="lang-none prettyprint-override"><code>#!/usr/local/bin/bash

set -a
source config.env
set +a

python3 test.py
</code></pre>
Sample run:
<pre class="lang-none prettyprint-override"><code>$ tree
.
├── config.env
├── run.sh
└── test.py

$ echo $TYPE

$ echo $PORT

$ python3 test.py
None
None

$ ./run.sh 
prod
5000
</code></pre>
When you run the Python script directly (<code>python3 test.py</code>) without <code>source</code>-ing the .env file, all the <code>environ.get</code> calls return <code>None</code>.
But, when you wrap it in a shell script that first loads the .env file into environment variables, and then runs the Python script afterward, the Python script should now be able to read the environment variables correctly.
As compared with the <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/a/61029741/2745495">other popular answer</a>, this doesn't need any external Python libraries.

blocks|key|3915640|text|在无法使用python-dotenv的情况下，我使用了类似如下的方法：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|3915641|import+os

def+load_env_file(dotenv_path,+override=False):
++++with+open(dotenv_path)+as+file_obj:
++++++++lines+=+file_obj.read().splitlines()++#+Removes+\n+from+lines

++++dotenv_vars+=+{}
++++for+line+in+lines:
++++++++line+=+line.strip()
++++++++if+not+line+or+line.startswith("#")+or+"="+not+in+line:
++++++++++++continue

++++++++key,+value+=+line.split("=",+maxsplit=1)
++++++++dotenv_vars.setdefault(key,+value)

++++if+override:
++++++++os.environ.update(dotenv_vars)
++++else:
++++++++for+key,+value+in+dotenv_vars.items():
++++++++++++os.environ.setdefault(key,+value)|code-block|syntax|javascript|3915642|它读取给定的文件并解析其中包含"=“符号的行。符号之前的值将是关键字，符号之后的值将是值。|3915643|与环境文件中具有相同密钥的当前环境变量可以保持不变，也可以使用override参数覆盖。|style|CODE|3915644|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv^0|5|D|0|0|0|0|V|8|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|W|8|@]|9|@$A|X|B|Y|1|Z]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|F|7|10|8|@]|9|@]|C|$G|H]]|$1|I|3|J|5|6|7|11|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|12|8|@$A|13|B|14|M|N]]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|O|3|-4|5|6|7|15|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|P|$Q|$5|R|S|T|C|$U|V]]]]

In situations where using the <a href="https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv" rel="nofollow noreferrer">python-dotenv</a> wasn't possible, I've used something like the following:
<pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>import os

def load_env_file(dotenv_path, override=False):
 with open(dotenv_path) as file_obj:
 lines = file_obj.read().splitlines() # Removes \n from lines

 dotenv_vars = {}
 for line in lines:
 line = line.strip()
 if not line or line.startswith(&quot;#&quot;) or &quot;=&quot; not in line:
 continue

 key, value = line.split(&quot;=&quot;, maxsplit=1)
 dotenv_vars.setdefault(key, value)

 if override:
 os.environ.update(dotenv_vars)
 else:
 for key, value in dotenv_vars.items():
 os.environ.setdefault(key, value)
</code></pre>
It reads the given file and parses lines that have the &quot;=&quot; symbol in them.
Value before the symbol will be the key, and value after is the value.
Current environment variables with the same keys as in the env file can either be left untouched or overwritten with the <code>override</code> parameter.

I'd like to run in a local environment a Python script which is normally run in a Docker container. The <code>docker-compose.yml</code> specifies an <a href="https://docs.docker.com/compose/env-file/" rel="noreferrer">env_file</a> which looks (partially) like the following:

<pre><code>DB_ADDR=rethinkdb
DB_PORT=28015
DB_NAME=ipercron
</code></pre>

In order to run this locally, I would like these lines to be converted to

<pre><code>os.environ['DB_ADDR'] = 'rethinkdb'
os.environ['DB_PORT'] = '28015'
os.environ['DB_NAME'] = 'ipercron'
</code></pre>

I could write my parser, but I was wondering if there are any existing modules/tools to read in environment variables from configuration files?

Reading in environment variables from an environment file

翻译质量差，导致语言生硬或混乱。

没有提供实际的解决方法或示例。

解答不清晰，无法理解或解决问题。

页面排版不美观，阅读体验差。

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我想在本地环境中运行Python脚本，该脚本通常在Docker容器中运行。docker-compose.yml指定了一个(部分)类似以下内容的：DB_ADDR=rethinkdbDB_PORT=28015DB_NAME=ipercron为了在本地运行，我希望将这些行转换为os.environ['DB_ADDR'] = ...

问从环境文件中读入环境变量
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问从环境文件中读入环境变量EN