blocks|key|1859774|text|**这是一个Perl解决方案！！**|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1859775|我会将整个内容存储在一个Array中，迭代数组，如果模式匹配，则标记迭代器变量。然后从迭代器变量中删除并添加6，如果给出了标记的变量，您可以将hashtag连接到行的前面。|1859776|更清楚地说：|1859777|use+File::Slurp;
my+$find_counter+=+0;
my+$line_counter+=+0;
my+@lines+=+read_file(+'filename'+)+;
foreach+my+$line+(@lines)+{+#+foreach+or+for+loop
++if+($line+=~+/$pattern/)+{
++++$file_counter+=+$line_counter;
++++last;
++}
++$line_counter%2B%2B;
}
#+loop+again+through+@lines+and+when+the+line+is+between
#+$file_counter+%2B+-+6+,+concat+the+hashtag+in+front+of+the+line|code-block|syntax|javascript|1859778|entityMap^0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|M|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|O|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|A|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|-4|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|L|$]]

** here comes a Perl solution!! **

I would store the whole content in a Array, iterating through the array and flag the iterator variable if the pattern matches. Then remove and add 6 from the iterator variable and there we go, if the flagged variables are given, you can concat the hashtag in front of the line. 

to make it more clearly:

<pre><code>use File::Slurp;
my $find_counter = 0;
my $line_counter = 0;
my @lines = read_file( 'filename' ) ;
foreach my $line (@lines) { # foreach or for loop
 if ($line =~ /$pattern/) {
 $file_counter = $line_counter;
 last;
 }
 $line_counter++;
}
# loop again through @lines and when the line is between
# $file_counter + - 6 , concat the hashtag in front of the line
</code></pre>

blocks|key|715852|text|这个问题被标记为Vim，所以…我心爱的:help+:global和:help+:normal来拯救我！|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|offset|length|style|CODE|entityRanges|data|715853|:g/hhhh/-6,%2B6norm+I#|code-block|syntax|javascript|715854|:substitute变体：|715855|:g/hhhh/-6,%2B6s/%5E/#|715856|细目：|715857|715858|+:global命令用于为匹配给定模式的每一行执行Ex命令。|unordered-list-item|715859|715860|:g/hhhh/d会删除包含hhhh.|715861|Ex命令的每一行，通常接受一个可选的范围。范围可以使用绝对行号、5,15和/或相对行号-3,%2B41。|715862|715863|命令会删除上面6行和下面6行之间的所有内容。每行包含hhhh.|715864|The的:normal命令都允许我们从命令行执行普通命令，并且它接受一个范围，就像其他Ex命令一样。I#是在行首插入#的最简单方法，因此我们可以从命令行执行:normal+I#，这将我们带到第一个解决方案：|715865|715866|:g/hhhh/-6，%2B6norm+I#|715867|作为Ex命令，:substitute还接受一个范围，因此我们也可以使用它在范围中的每一行的开头插入一个#，这将我们带到第二个解决方案：|715868|715869|:g/hhhh/-6，%2B6s/%5E/#|715870|entityMap^0|J|D|X|D|0|0|0|B|0|0|0|0|1|7|0|0|0|9|E|4|0|W|4|17|6|0|0|Q|4|0|4|7|1E|2|1M|1|26|A|0|0|0|7|B|1F|1|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|1E|8|@$9|1F|A|1G|B|C]|$9|1H|A|1I|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|1J|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|1K|8|@$9|1L|A|1M|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|H|7|1N|8|@]|D|@]|E|$I|J]]|$1|O|3|P|5|6|7|1O|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|Q|3|-4|5|6|7|1P|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|R|3|S|5|T|7|1Q|8|@$9|1R|A|1S|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|U|3|-4|5|6|7|1T|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|V|3|W|5|6|7|1U|8|@$9|1V|A|1W|B|C]|$9|1X|A|1Y|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|X|3|Y|5|T|7|1Z|8|@$9|20|A|21|B|C]|$9|22|A|23|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|Z|3|-4|5|6|7|24|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|10|3|11|5|6|7|25|8|@$9|26|A|27|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|12|3|13|5|T|7|28|8|@$9|29|A|2A|B|C]|$9|2B|A|2C|B|C]|$9|2D|A|2E|B|C]|$9|2F|A|2G|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|14|3|-4|5|6|7|2H|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|15|3|16|5|6|7|2I|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|17|3|18|5|T|7|2J|8|@$9|2K|A|2L|B|C]|$9|2M|A|2N|B|C]]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|19|3|-4|5|6|7|2O|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|1A|3|1B|5|6|7|2P|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]|$1|1C|3|-4|5|6|7|2Q|8|@]|D|@]|E|$]]]|1D|$]]

The question is tagged Vim, so… my beloved <code>:help :global</code> and <code>:help :normal</code> to the rescue!

<pre><code>:g/hhhh/-6,+6norm I#
</code></pre>

<code>:substitute</code> variant:

<pre><code>:g/hhhh/-6,+6s/^/#
</code></pre>

Breakdown:

<ul>
<li>The <code>:global</code> command is used to execute an Ex command for each line matching the given pattern.

<code>:g/hhhh/d</code> would delete every line containing <code>hhhh</code>.</li>
<li>Ex commands usually accept an optional range. A range can use absolute line numbers, <code>5,15</code> and/or relative line numbers, <code>-3,+41</code>.

<code>:g/hhhh/-6,+6d</code> would delete everything between 6 lines above and 6 lines below every line containing <code>hhhh</code>.</li>
<li>The <code>:normal</code> command allows us to execute normal commands from the command-line and it accepts a range, like the other Ex commands. <code>I#</code> is the simplest way to insert a <code>#</code> at the beginning of a line so we can do <code>:normal I#</code> from the command-line, which brings us to the first solution:

<pre><code>:g/hhhh/-6,+6norm I#
</code></pre></li>
<li>As an Ex command, <code>:substitute</code> also accepts a range so we can use it as well to insert a <code>#</code> at the beginning of each line in the range, which brings us to the second solution:

<pre><code>:g/hhhh/-6,+6s/^/#
</code></pre></li>
</ul>

blocks|key|2068135|text|要在Perl中做到这一点，您需要将整个文件读入一个数组，然后找到匹配行的索引并编辑周围的行，这可以通过一个范围来完成。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|2068136|您必须从数组切片中删除未定义的值，否则，如果匹配项接近文件的开头或结尾(即少于6行)，则将创建新条目。|2068137|perl+-we+'@a+=+<>;++++++++++++++++++++++#+read+whole+file
+++++++++++for+(0+..+$#a)+{++++++++++++++#+loop+over+indexes
+++++++++++++++if+($a[$_]+=~+/hhhh/)+{+++#+find+match
+++++++++++++++++++s/%5E/#/+for+grep+defined,+@a[$_-6+..+$_%2B6]++#+edit
+++++++++++++++}+
+++++++++++};+print+@a"+hhh.txt|code-block|syntax|javascript|2068138|在for循环中，$_是元素的别名，这就是为什么我们可以直接对它应用替换s///的原因。|offset|length|style|CODE|2068139|这也可以通过使用Tie::File来简化。|2068140|输出：|BOLD|2068141|aaaa
#bbbb
#cccc
#dddd
#eeee
#ffff
#gggg
#hhhh
#iiii
#jjjj
#kkkk
#llll
#mmmm
#nnnn
oooo|2068142|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://search.cpan.org/perldoc?Tie%253a%253aFile^0|0|0|0|8|2|Z|4|0|8|9|8|9|0|0|0|3|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|13|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|14|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|F|7|15|8|@]|9|@]|A|$G|H]]|$1|I|3|J|5|6|7|16|8|@$K|17|L|18|M|N]|$K|19|L|1A|M|N]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|O|3|P|5|6|7|1B|8|@$K|1C|L|1D|M|N]]|9|@$K|1E|L|1F|1|1G]]|A|$]]|$1|Q|3|R|5|6|7|1H|8|@$K|1I|L|1J|M|S]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|T|3|U|5|F|7|1K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$G|H]]|$1|V|3|-4|5|6|7|1L|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|W|$X|$5|Y|Z|10|A|$11|12]]]]

To do this in Perl, you need to read the entire file into an array, then find the index of the matching line and edit the surrounding lines, which can be done with a range.

You must remove undefined values from the array slice, or you will create new entries if your match is near the beginning or end of the file (i.e. less than 6 lines away).

<pre><code>perl -we '@a = &lt;&gt;; # read whole file
 for (0 .. $#a) { # loop over indexes
 if ($a[$_] =~ /hhhh/) { # find match
 s/^/#/ for grep defined, @a[$_-6 .. $_+6] # edit
 } 
 }; print @a" hhh.txt
</code></pre>

In a for loop <code>$_</code> is aliased to the elements, which is why we can directly apply a substitution <code>s///</code> to it. 

This can also possibly be simplified by using <a href="http://search.cpan.org/perldoc?Tie%3a%3aFile" rel="nofollow"><code>Tie::File</code></a>.

Output:

<pre><code>aaaa
#bbbb
#cccc
#dddd
#eeee
#ffff
#gggg
#hhhh
#iiii
#jjjj
#kkkk
#llll
#mmmm
#nnnn
oooo
</code></pre>

blocks|key|2068178|text|另一种方法是一次读取一行，这对于大文件可能更好，它避免了将整个文件读取到内存中。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|2068179|数组@prev_lines保存匹配前要打印的行数。当找到匹配项时，打印记住的带有#前缀的行，并将$num_line_to_print设置为匹配后要打印的行数。如果行不匹配，则查看是否要为上一次匹配打印行。如果两者都不匹配，则将行推入数组，以防将来匹配。如果数组现在有太多的行，它们与匹配的行不是很接近，所以只需打印它们。最后，在while循环之后，只需打印所有保存行。|offset|length|style|CODE|2068180|use+strict;
use+warnings;

my+$num_lines_wanted+=+6;

my+@prev_lines;
my+$num_line_to_print+=+0;

while+(+<>+)+{
++++if+(+m/hhhh/+)+{
++++++++while+(+scalar(@prev_lines)+>+0+)+{
++++++++++++print+"#",+shift+@prev_lines;
++++++++}
++++++++print+"#",+$_;
++++++++$num_line_to_print+=+$num_lines_wanted;
++++}
++++elsif+(+$num_line_to_print+>+0+)+{
++++++++print+"#",+$_;
++++++++$num_line_to_print--;
++++}
++++else+{
++++++++push+@prev_lines,+$_;
++++++++if+(+scalar(@prev_lines)+>+$num_lines_wanted+)+{
++++++++++++print+shift+@prev_lines;
++++++++}
++++}
}

while+(+scalar(@prev_lines)+>+0+)+{
++++print+shift+@prev_lines;
}|code-block|syntax|javascript|2068181|最初的问题并不清楚当两个hhhh行在彼此的六行之内时如何处理输入。这里的代码在每次匹配时重新开始编号，它只打印一次输入行，并且即使一行在两个hhhh匹配的范围内，也只添加一个#。|2068182|entityMap^0|0|2|B|14|1|1C|I|4K|5|0|0|C|4|1Y|4|2F|1|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|R|8|@$D|S|E|T|F|G]|$D|U|E|V|F|G]|$D|W|E|X|F|G]|$D|Y|E|Z|F|G]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|J|7|10|8|@]|9|@]|A|$K|L]]|$1|M|3|N|5|6|7|11|8|@$D|12|E|13|F|G]|$D|14|E|15|F|G]|$D|16|E|17|F|G]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|O|3|-4|5|6|7|18|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|P|$]]

Another way reads one line at a time which may be better for large files, it avoids reading the whole file into memory.

The array <code>@prev_lines</code> hold the number of lines that are to be printed before the match. When a match is found, print the remembered lines with the <code>#</code> prefix and set <code>$num_line_to_print</code> to the number of lines to print after the match. If the line does not match then see whether lines are to be printed for a previous match. If neither then push the line onto the array in case it matches in the future. If the array now has too many lines, they were not close to the match so just print them. Finally, after the <code>while</code> loop just print out any save lines.

<pre><code>use strict;
use warnings;

my $num_lines_wanted = 6;

my @prev_lines;
my $num_line_to_print = 0;

while ( &lt;&gt; ) {
 if ( m/hhhh/ ) {
 while ( scalar(@prev_lines) &gt; 0 ) {
 print "#", shift @prev_lines;
 }
 print "#", $_;
 $num_line_to_print = $num_lines_wanted;
 }
 elsif ( $num_line_to_print &gt; 0 ) {
 print "#", $_;
 $num_line_to_print--;
 }
 else {
 push @prev_lines, $_;
 if ( scalar(@prev_lines) &gt; $num_lines_wanted ) {
 print shift @prev_lines;
 }
 }
}

while ( scalar(@prev_lines) &gt; 0 ) {
 print shift @prev_lines;
}
</code></pre>

The original question is not clear how to handle input where two <code>hhhh</code> lines are within the six lines of each other. The code here restarts the numbering at each match, it prints input lines only once and only adds one <code>#</code> even when a line is within the range of two <code>hhhh</code> matches.

blocks|key|715922|text|这可能适用于您(GNU+sed)：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|715923|sed+-r+':a;s/\n/&/6;tb;$!{N;ba};:b;/SEARCH_STRING/!{P;D};s/\n/&/12;tc;$!{N;bb};:c;s/%5E/#/gm'+file|code-block|syntax|javascript|715924|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|H|$]]

This might work for you (GNU sed):

<pre><code>sed -r ':a;s/\n/&amp;/6;tb;$!{N;ba};:b;/SEARCH_STRING/!{P;D};s/\n/&amp;/12;tc;$!{N;bb};:c;s/^/#/gm' file
</code></pre>

I want to comment(#) 6 lines before and after the matched pattern. 
I referred this question.

<a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/876446/how-do-i-delete-a-matching-line-the-line-above-and-the-one-below-it-using-sed">How do I delete a matching line, the line above and the one below it, using sed?</a>

I tried to use hold buffer for this solution, but not working.

I have the following sequence occurring multiple times in a file:

<pre><code>aaaa 
bbbb 
cccc 
dddd 
eeee 
ffff 
gggg 
hhhh 
iiii 
jjjj 
kkkk 
llll 
mmmm 
nnnn 
oooo 
</code></pre>

If I searched <code>hhhh</code>, then the output file should be given below:

<pre><code> aaaa 
 #bbbb 
 #cccc 
 #dddd 
 #eeee 
 #ffff 
 #gggg 
 #hhhh 
 #iiii 
 #jjjj 
 #kkkk 
 #llll 
 #mmmm 
 #nnnn 
 oooo 
</code></pre>

Please help me to do this with sed or any other scripts!!!

how i can comment (#) 6 lines before and after the matched pattern in sed

翻译质量差，导致语言生硬或混乱。

没有提供实际的解决方法或示例。

解答不清晰，无法理解或解决问题。

页面排版不美观，阅读体验差。

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我想在匹配的模式之前和之后注释(#)6行。我提出了这个问题。我试着对这个解决方案使用hold buffer，但不起作用。我在一个文件中多次出现以下序列：aaaa  bbbb  cccc  dddd  eeee  ffff  gggg  hhhh  iiii  jjjj  kkkk  llll  mmmm  nnnn  ...

问如何在sed中注释匹配模式前后的(#) 6行
EN

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问如何在sed中注释匹配模式前后的(#) 6行EN