blocks|key|4820938|text|基本代码是：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|4820939|#define++qap++++++2+++++++//++Quick+As+Possible+...+Duty+cycle+only+0,+50,+100%25
#define++HFreq++++5150
#define++pPulse+++D2++++++//+a+NodeMCU/ESP8266+GPIO+PWM+pin
analogWriteRange(qap);++++analogWriteFreq(+HFreq+);++analogWrite(pPulse,+1);++++//+start+PWM|code-block|syntax|javascript|4820940|TL;DR刚刚做了一些粗略的benchamrk|4820941|//+++++had+HFreq=126400+++with+75+KHz+pulse+at+80+MHz+ESP+clock,+every+1+sec+but+proof+of+evidence+lost+|4820942|名义上使用80+MHz时钟获得|4820943|//+72.24+KHz++361178++2015061929
//+72.23+KHz++361163++2415062390
//+72.23+KHz++361133++2815062824|4820944|和|4820945|//+141.52+KHz++353809++2009395076
//+141.54+KHz++353846++2409395627
//+141.52+KHz++353806++2809395946|4820946|160+MHz时钟|4820947|注意事项！|4820948|4820949|占空比范围为2！|ordered-list-item|4820950|此外，系统没有其他调节，因此串行IO等产生的其他时序伪影仍然存在。特别是由于WDT和WiFi最终出现的不稳定性。(无论如何，这大概只有在ESP8266处于压力和胁迫下才是一个问题。)|4820951|4820952|//+141.50+KHz++353754++619466806
//+141.52+KHz++353810++1019467038
//+++++...
//+ad+infinitum+cum+tempore+finitum,+infinitus+est+ad+nauseum?
//+++++...
//+141.54+KHz++353857++735996888
//
//+ets+Jan++8+2013,rst+cause:4,+boot+mode:(1,7)
//
//wdt+reset|4820953|当使用以下代码生成5+KHz方波信号时，上述考虑因素不是问题，也不会发生。|4820954|//+------------++test+results+++for+80+MHz+clock++--------------
//
//
//+++++++PWM+pulse+test++++++
//
//+F_CPU:++++++++++80000000L
//+ESP8266_CLOCK:++80000000UL
//+PWM+"freq.":++++5150
//
//
//+++connect+D1+to+D2
//
//
//+++++++++++++raw+++++MPU+++++
//+frequency++count+++cycle++
//+0.00+KHz++1++407976267
//+4.74+KHz++9482++567976702
//+5.00+KHz++10007++727977137
//+5.00+KHz++10006++887977572
//+5.00+KHz++10006++1047978007
//+5.00+KHz++10007++1207978442
//+5.00+KHz++10006++1367978877
//+5.00+KHz++10006++1527979312
//+5.00+KHz++10007++1687979747
//+5.00+KHz++10006++1847980182
//+5.00+KHz++10006++2007980617
//+5.00+KHz++10007++2167981052
//+5.00+KHz++10006++2327981487
//+5.00+KHz++10006++2487981922
//+5.00+KHz++10007++2647982357++...
//
//++++crude+testing+for+5KHz+signal
//++++++++++extracted+from:
//++++++++++++++++highest+frequency+/+shortest+period+pin+pulse+generate+/+detect+test
//
//+++++uses+raw+ESP8266+/+NodeMCU+V1.0+hardware+primitive+interface+of+Arduino+IDE+(no+included+libraries)
//
//+++++timing+dependencies:+WDT,+WiFi,+I2S,+I2C,+one+wire,+UART,+SPI,+...
//
//++Arduino+GPIO+++16++++5++++4++++0++++2+++14+++12+++13+++15++++3++++1++++++0++1++2++3++4++5+...+12+13+14+15+16+
//++NodeMCU+D+pin+++0++++1++++2++++3++++4++++5++++6++++7++++8++++9+++10++++++3+10++4++9++2++1+...++6++7++5++8++0+
//++++++++++++++++++%7C++++%7C++++%7C++++%7C++++%7C++++%7C++++%7C++++%7C++++%7C++++%7C++++%7C++++++++++++++++++++++
//++++a+++++++++++WAKE+++%7C++++%7C+++F++++Tx1+++%7C++++%7C+++Rx2++Tx2++Rx0++Tx0+++++++++++++
//+++++k++++++(NO+PWM+or+%7C++++%7C++++L+++blue++%7C++++%7C++++%7C++++%7C+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
//++++++a'++++interrupt)+%7C++S+++++++A+++*++H+%7C++H+%7C++H+%7C++++%7C+++++++++++++++++++++*+led's
//+++++++s+++++++++red++S++++D+++++++S++++++S++++M++++S++++H+++++++
//++++++++++++++++++*++++C++++A+++++++H++++++C++++I++++I++++C++++++++++++++++++++
//++++++++++++++++++++++++L++++T++++++++++++++L++++S++++M++++S+++
//+++++++++++++++++++++++++K++++A++++++++++++++K++++O++++O++++++++++++++
//+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++└++-++-++-++-+└----UART's----┘+++++++++
//++++++++++++++++++++++└--I2C--┘++++++++++++└-----SPI------┘
//
//++rules+of+engagement+are+obscure+and+vague+for+effects+of+argument+values+for+the+paramters+of+these+functions:
//++++++analogWriteRange(qap);+++++analogWriteFreq(+HFreq+);++++++++++++++analogWrite(pPulse,+1);++
//
//++++http://stackoverflow.com/questions/42112357/how-to-implement-esp8266-5-khz-pwm++
//
//+++system+#defines:++F_CPU++ESP8266_CLOCK
#define++pInt+++++D1++++++++++//+HWI+pin:+NOT+D0+ie.+GPIO16+is+not+hardwared+interrupt+or+PWM+pin
#define++pPulse+++D2++++++++++//+PWM+pulsed+frequency+source+++...++ditto+D0++(note:+D4+=+blue+LED)
#define++countFor+160000000UL+

#define++gmv(p)+++#p++++++++++//++get+macro+value
#define++em(p)++++gmv(p)++++++//++evaluate+macro
#define++qap++++++2+++++++++++//++minimal+number+of+duty+cycle+levels+(0,+50,+100%25+)+Quick+As+Possible+...
#define++HFreq++++5150+//((long+int)+F_CPU==80000000L+?+125000+:+250000)++++++++//+...+to+minimize+time+of+a+cycle+period
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++//+++max+values++++++%5E+++and+++%5E+++found+empirically
//+++++had+HFreq=126400+++with+75+KHz+pulse+at+80+MHz+ESP+clock,+every+1+sec+but+proof+of+evidence+lost
#define++infoTxt+(String)++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++\
++++++++++++++++++"\n\n\t++++PWM+pulse+test++++++++"++++++++++++++++++++++++\+++
++++++++++++++++++"\n+F_CPU:++++++++++"+em(F_CPU)++++++++++++++++++++++++++\
++++++++++++++++++"\n+ESP8266_CLOCK:++"+em(ESP8266_CLOCK)++++++++++++++++++\
++++++++++++++++++"\n+PWM+\"freq.\":++++"+%2B+HFreq+%2B+"\n"+++++++++++++++++++\
++++++++++++++++++"\n\n+++connect+"+em(pInt)+"+to+"+em(pPulse)+"\n"++++++++\++
++++++++++++++++++"\n\n+++++++++++++raw+++++MPU+++"++++++++++++++++++++++++\
++++++++++++++++++"++\n+frequency++count+++cycle++"

long+int+oc=1,+cntr=1;++
unsigned+long+int+tc=0;
void+hwISR(){+cntr%2B%2B;+}++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++//+can+count+pulses+if+pInt+<--->+to+pPulse
void+anISR(){++tc=ESP.getCycleCount();+timer0_write(+countFor+%2B+tc+);+oc=cntr;+cntr=1;+}

void+setup()+{+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++//+need+to+still+confirm+duty+cycle=50%25++(scope+it+or+...)
+++noInterrupts();+
++++++Serial.begin(115200);+Serial.println(infoTxt);++delay(10);++//+Serial.flush();+Serial.end();+//+Serial+timing?
++++++analogWriteRange(qap);+++++analogWriteFreq(+HFreq+);++++++++++++++analogWrite(pPulse,+1);++++//+start+PWM
++++++pinMode(+pInt,++INPUT+);+++attachInterrupt(pInt,+hwISR,+RISING);+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++//+count+pulses
++++++timer0_isr_init();+++++++++timer0_attachInterrupt(+anISR+);+++++++anISR();+++++++++++++++++++//+
+++interrupts();
}

void+loop()+{++delay(10);+++++if+(oc==0)+return;++
+++++++++++++++Serial.println((String)"+"%2B(oc/1000.0*F_CPU/countFor)%2B"+KHz++"%2Boc%2B"++"%2Btc);+++oc=0;++++}++
//|4820955|entityMap^0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|1B|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|1C|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|1D|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|J|5|D|7|1E|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|1F|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|D|7|1G|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|O|3|P|5|6|7|1H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|Q|3|R|5|D|7|1I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|S|3|T|5|6|7|1J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|U|3|V|5|6|7|1K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|W|3|-4|5|6|7|1L|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|X|3|Y|5|Z|7|1M|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|10|3|11|5|Z|7|1N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|12|3|-4|5|6|7|1O|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|13|3|14|5|D|7|1P|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|15|3|16|5|6|7|1Q|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|17|3|18|5|D|7|1R|8|@]|9|@]|A|$E|F]]|$1|19|3|-4|5|6|7|1S|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|1A|$]]

The essential code is:

<pre><code>#define qap 2 // Quick As Possible ... Duty cycle only 0, 50, 100%
#define HFreq 5150
#define pPulse D2 // a NodeMCU/ESP8266 GPIO PWM pin
analogWriteRange(qap); analogWriteFreq( HFreq ); analogWrite(pPulse, 1); // start PWM
</code></pre>

TL;DR
Just did some crude benchamrks

<pre><code>// had HFreq=126400 with 75 KHz pulse at 80 MHz ESP clock, every 1 sec but proof of evidence lost 
</code></pre>

nominally with 80 MHz clock got 

<pre><code>// 72.24 KHz 361178 2015061929
// 72.23 KHz 361163 2415062390
// 72.23 KHz 361133 2815062824
</code></pre>

and 

<pre><code>// 141.52 KHz 353809 2009395076
// 141.54 KHz 353846 2409395627
// 141.52 KHz 353806 2809395946
</code></pre>

with 160 MHz clock 

CAVEATS!!! 
1. The duty cycle range is 2! 
2. As well the system had no other conditioning, so other timing artifacts were still present from Serial IO etc. In particular instability due to the WDT and WiFi penultimately appeared. (Anyhow, presumably this is an issue only when the ESP8266 is under stress and duress.)

<pre><code>// 141.50 KHz 353754 619466806
// 141.52 KHz 353810 1019467038
// ...
// ad infinitum cum tempore finitum, infinitus est ad nauseum?
// ...
// 141.54 KHz 353857 735996888
//
// ets Jan 8 2013,rst cause:4, boot mode:(1,7)
//
//wdt reset
</code></pre>

When using the following code to generate a 5 KHz square wave signal, the considerations above are not an issue and do not occur.

<pre><code>// ------------ test results for 80 MHz clock --------------
//
//
// PWM pulse test 
//
// F_CPU: 80000000L
// ESP8266_CLOCK: 80000000UL
// PWM "freq.": 5150
//
//
// connect D1 to D2
//
//
// raw MPU 
// frequency count cycle 
// 0.00 KHz 1 407976267
// 4.74 KHz 9482 567976702
// 5.00 KHz 10007 727977137
// 5.00 KHz 10006 887977572
// 5.00 KHz 10006 1047978007
// 5.00 KHz 10007 1207978442
// 5.00 KHz 10006 1367978877
// 5.00 KHz 10006 1527979312
// 5.00 KHz 10007 1687979747
// 5.00 KHz 10006 1847980182
// 5.00 KHz 10006 2007980617
// 5.00 KHz 10007 2167981052
// 5.00 KHz 10006 2327981487
// 5.00 KHz 10006 2487981922
// 5.00 KHz 10007 2647982357 ...
//
// crude testing for 5KHz signal
// extracted from:
// highest frequency / shortest period pin pulse generate / detect test
//
// uses raw ESP8266 / NodeMCU V1.0 hardware primitive interface of Arduino IDE (no included libraries)
//
// timing dependencies: WDT, WiFi, I2S, I2C, one wire, UART, SPI, ...
//
// Arduino GPIO 16 5 4 0 2 14 12 13 15 3 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 ... 12 13 14 15 16 
// NodeMCU D pin 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 3 10 4 9 2 1 ... 6 7 5 8 0 
// | | | | | | | | | | | 
// a WAKE | | F Tx1 | | Rx2 Tx2 Rx0 Tx0 
// k (NO PWM or | | L blue | | | | 
// a' interrupt) | S A * H | H | H | | * led's
// s red S D S S M S H 
// * C A H C I I C 
// L T L S M S 
// K A K O O 
// └ - - - - └----UART's----┘ 
// └--I2C--┘ └-----SPI------┘
//
// rules of engagement are obscure and vague for effects of argument values for the paramters of these functions:
// analogWriteRange(qap); analogWriteFreq( HFreq ); analogWrite(pPulse, 1); 
//
// http://stackoverflow.com/questions/42112357/how-to-implement-esp8266-5-khz-pwm 
//
// system #defines: F_CPU ESP8266_CLOCK
#define pInt D1 // HWI pin: NOT D0 ie. GPIO16 is not hardwared interrupt or PWM pin
#define pPulse D2 // PWM pulsed frequency source ... ditto D0 (note: D4 = blue LED)
#define countFor 160000000UL 

#define gmv(p) #p // get macro value
#define em(p) gmv(p) // evaluate macro
#define qap 2 // minimal number of duty cycle levels (0, 50, 100% ) Quick As Possible ...
#define HFreq 5150 //((long int) F_CPU==80000000L ? 125000 : 250000) // ... to minimize time of a cycle period
 // max values ^ and ^ found empirically
// had HFreq=126400 with 75 KHz pulse at 80 MHz ESP clock, every 1 sec but proof of evidence lost
#define infoTxt (String) \
 "\n\n\t PWM pulse test " \ 
 "\n F_CPU: " em(F_CPU) \
 "\n ESP8266_CLOCK: " em(ESP8266_CLOCK) \
 "\n PWM \"freq.\": " + HFreq + "\n" \
 "\n\n connect " em(pInt) " to " em(pPulse) "\n" \ 
 "\n\n raw MPU " \
 " \n frequency count cycle "

long int oc=1, cntr=1; 
unsigned long int tc=0;
void hwISR(){ cntr++; } // can count pulses if pInt &lt;---&gt; to pPulse
void anISR(){ tc=ESP.getCycleCount(); timer0_write( countFor + tc ); oc=cntr; cntr=1; }

void setup() { // need to still confirm duty cycle=50% (scope it or ...)
 noInterrupts(); 
 Serial.begin(115200); Serial.println(infoTxt); delay(10); // Serial.flush(); Serial.end(); // Serial timing?
 analogWriteRange(qap); analogWriteFreq( HFreq ); analogWrite(pPulse, 1); // start PWM
 pinMode( pInt, INPUT ); attachInterrupt(pInt, hwISR, RISING); // count pulses
 timer0_isr_init(); timer0_attachInterrupt( anISR ); anISR(); // 
 interrupts();
}

void loop() { delay(10); if (oc==0) return; 
 Serial.println((String)" "+(oc/1000.0*F_CPU/countFor)+" KHz "+oc+" "+tc); oc=0; } 
//
</code></pre>

blocks|key|3398270|text|您还可以使用具有可调时钟速度的硬件SPI接口。通过写入连续数据，输出波形显示在SCLK上。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|3398271|我在使用MicroPython在ESP8266上用IC+74hc595创建骑士特效时，已经想出了上述问题(这确实很慢，因为它是一种脚本语言)。它的工作频率高达4+4MHz的SPI时钟速度。|3398272|缺点是，对于永久波形，您需要将数据永久写入MOSI+(因为当SPI数据缓冲区为空时，SCLK上不再有信号)。|3398273|entityMap^0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|F|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|G|$]]

You can also use the hardware SPI interface which has an adjustable clock speed.
By writing continuous data, the output waveform appears on SCLK.

I've figured out the abovementioned while creating a knight rider effect with IC 74hc595 on ESP8266, using MicroPython (which is indeed slow, as being a script language).
It worked for me up to 4MHz SPI clock speed.

The disadvantage is, for permanent waveform, you need to write data to MOSI forever (as when SPI data buffer goes empty, there is no signal on SCLK anymore).

I need to realise a PWM output with 5 kHz +/- 5%. (Presumably due to a filter circuit into which this feeds over which I have no control.)

Is this realisable with a ESP8266 (ideally with NodeMCU)?

I realise that the software PWM of the ESP8266 has a maximum frequency of 1 kHz while the sigma-delta can be used to implement a PWM with a fixed frequency of about 300 kHz.

So is there a reliable way to achieve 5 kHz? I know some people experimented with the I2S peripheral for waveform output but I am unsure whether it can be used for 5kHz output.

Has anybody looked at into a similar problem before?

How to implement ESP8266 5 kHz PWM?

翻译质量差，导致语言生硬或混乱。

没有提供实际的解决方法或示例。

解答不清晰，无法理解或解决问题。

页面排版不美观，阅读体验差。

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我需要实现一个5 kHz +/- 5%的脉宽调制输出。(可能是由于这个馈入的滤波电路，但我无法控制它。)这可以通过ESP8266 (理想情况下使用NodeMCU)实现吗？我意识到ESP8266的软件脉宽调制的最大频率为1 kHz，而sigma-Δ可用于实现固定频率约为300 kHz的脉宽调制。那么有没有一种可靠的方法来...

问如何实现ESP8266 5 kHz脉宽调制？
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问如何实现ESP8266 5 kHz脉宽调制？EN