我想创建一个圆角矩形。我使用的是tkinter的canvas。
发布于 2017-05-22 01:57:49
为tobias的方法提供了另一种方法,实际上是用一个多边形来做。
这样做的好处是,如果您担心优化,则可以成为一个画布对象,或者不必担心引用单个对象的标记系统。
代码有点长,但非常基础,因为它只是利用了这样的想法,即在平滑多边形时,可以给出相同的坐标两次来“阻止”平滑的发生。
这是一个可以做到的例子:
from tkinter import *
root = Tk()
canvas = Canvas(root)
canvas.pack()
def round_rectangle(x1, y1, x2, y2, radius=25, **kwargs):
points = [x1+radius, y1,
x1+radius, y1,
x2-radius, y1,
x2-radius, y1,
x2, y1,
x2, y1+radius,
x2, y1+radius,
x2, y2-radius,
x2, y2-radius,
x2, y2,
x2-radius, y2,
x2-radius, y2,
x1+radius, y2,
x1+radius, y2,
x1, y2,
x1, y2-radius,
x1, y2-radius,
x1, y1+radius,
x1, y1+radius,
x1, y1]
return canvas.create_polygon(points, **kwargs, smooth=True)
my_rectangle = round_rectangle(50, 50, 150, 100, radius=20, fill="blue")
root.mainloop()使用此函数,您可以只提供矩形的法线坐标,然后指定在角落中舍入的“半径”。使用**kwargs意味着您可以传递fill="blue"等关键字参数,就像通常使用create_方法一样。
虽然坐标看起来很复杂,但它只是有条不紊地绕到“矩形”中的每个点,给每个非角点两次。
如果你不介意很长的一行代码,你可以把所有的坐标放在一行上,使函数只有2行(!)。这看起来像这样:
def round_rectangle(x1, y1, x2, y2, r=25, **kwargs):
points = (x1+r, y1, x1+r, y1, x2-r, y1, x2-r, y1, x2, y1, x2, y1+r, x2, y1+r, x2, y2-r, x2, y2-r, x2, y2, x2-r, y2, x2-r, y2, x1+r, y2, x1+r, y2, x1, y2, x1, y2-r, x1, y2-r, x1, y1+r, x1, y1+r, x1, y1)
return canvas.create_polygon(points, **kwargs, smooth=True)这将产生以下内容(请注意,这是一个画布对象):

如果要在创建矩形后更新其位置,可以使用如下函数(如果在与原始canvas对象相同的范围内):
def update_rectangle_coords(round_rect, x1, y1, x2, y2, r=25):
points = (x1+r, y1, x1+r, y1, x2-r, y1, x2-r, y1, x2, y1, x2, y1+r, x2, y1+r, x2, y2-r, x2, y2-r, x2, y2, x2-r, y2, x2-r, y2, x1+r, y2, x1+r, y2, x1, y2, x1, y2-r, x1, y2-r, x1, y1+r, x1, y1+r, x1, y1)
canvas.coords(round_rect, *points)因此,要更新my_rectangle的位置(来自第一个代码示例),我们可以这样说:
update_rectangle_coords(my_rectangle, 20, 20, 100, 100)发布于 2017-05-22 01:42:05
对于这一点,似乎没有内置的方法。最接近的是带有smooth=1的polyline,但它看起来仍然更像一个旧电视屏幕,两边也略有弯曲。
相反,您可以定义一个辅助函数,将直线和圆弧中的圆角矩形组合在一起:
def rounded_rect(canvas, x, y, w, h, c):
canvas.create_arc(x, y, x+2*c, y+2*c, start= 90, extent=90, style="arc")
canvas.create_arc(x+w-2*c, y+h-2*c, x+w, y+h, start=270, extent=90, style="arc")
canvas.create_arc(x+w-2*c, y, x+w, y+2*c, start= 0, extent=90, style="arc")
canvas.create_arc(x, y+h-2*c, x+2*c, y+h, start=180, extent=90, style="arc")
canvas.create_line(x+c, y, x+w-c, y )
canvas.create_line(x+c, y+h, x+w-c, y+h )
canvas.create_line(x, y+c, x, y+h-c)
canvas.create_line(x+w, y+c, x+w, y+h-c)示例:
import tkinter
root = tkinter.Tk()
canvas = tkinter.Canvas(root)
canvas.pack()
rounded_rect(canvas, 20, 20, 60, 40, 10)
root.mainloop()

您也可以提供另一个**options参数来设置各个部分的线宽、颜色等,但这样做的问题是,直线和圆弧使用不同的线条颜色参数(分别为fill和outline )。此外,如果想要填充圆角矩形,则必须使用多个矩形将其指定为第二种方法。
发布于 2020-04-12 03:57:21
我知道这篇文章已经有了一个公认的矩形答案。但对于那些寻找圆角多边形(显然包括矩形)的人来说,我基于@SneakyTutle的答案编写了这段代码。
roundPolygon(x_array, y_array, sharpness, **kwargs)结果

其背后的逻辑是启用平滑并将子点放置在顶点旁边。这样,只有角将是圆角,而多边形的其余部分保持平坦。
from tkinter import *
root = Tk()
canvas = Canvas(root, width = 1000, height = 1000)
canvas.pack()
def roundPolygon(x, y, sharpness, **kwargs):
# The sharpness here is just how close the sub-points
# are going to be to the vertex. The more the sharpness,
# the more the sub-points will be closer to the vertex.
# (This is not normalized)
if sharpness < 2:
sharpness = 2
ratioMultiplier = sharpness - 1
ratioDividend = sharpness
# Array to store the points
points = []
# Iterate over the x points
for i in range(len(x)):
# Set vertex
points.append(x[i])
points.append(y[i])
# If it's not the last point
if i != (len(x) - 1):
# Insert submultiples points. The more the sharpness, the more these points will be
# closer to the vertex.
points.append((ratioMultiplier*x[i] + x[i + 1])/ratioDividend)
points.append((ratioMultiplier*y[i] + y[i + 1])/ratioDividend)
points.append((ratioMultiplier*x[i + 1] + x[i])/ratioDividend)
points.append((ratioMultiplier*y[i + 1] + y[i])/ratioDividend)
else:
# Insert submultiples points.
points.append((ratioMultiplier*x[i] + x[0])/ratioDividend)
points.append((ratioMultiplier*y[i] + y[0])/ratioDividend)
points.append((ratioMultiplier*x[0] + x[i])/ratioDividend)
points.append((ratioMultiplier*y[0] + y[i])/ratioDividend)
# Close the polygon
points.append(x[0])
points.append(y[0])
return canvas.create_polygon(points, **kwargs, smooth=TRUE)
my_rectangle = roundPolygon([50, 350, 350, 50], [50, 50, 350, 350], 10 , width=5, outline="#82B366", fill="#D5E8D4")
my_triangle = roundPolygon([50, 650, 50], [400, 700, 1000], 8 , width=5, outline="#82B366", fill="#D5E8D4")
root.mainloop()我想不出一个好的方法来使锐度正常化。无论如何,2到10之间的值在任何情况下都是合适的。您可以随意更改代码。
为了直观起见,对于带有sharpness=8的三角形,for循环的结果代码如下所示。正如您可能注意到的,如果清晰度为2,则子点将放置在顶点的中间。
points = [
# Begin vertex
x[0], y[0],
# Between vertices
(7*x[0] + x[1])/8, (7*y[0] + y[1])/8,
(7*x[1] + x[0])/8, (7*y[1] + y[0])/8,
# Vertex
x[1], y[1],
# Between vertices
(7*x[1] + x[2])/8, (7*y[1] + y[2])/8,
(7*x[2] + x[1])/8, (7*y[2] + y[1])/8,
# Vertex
x[2], y[2],
# Between vertices
(7*x[2] + x[0])/8, (7*y[2] + y[0])/8,
(7*x[0] + x[2])/8, (7*y[0] + y[2])/8,
# End/Begin vertex
x[0], y[0]
]https://stackoverflow.com/questions/44099594
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