问基于其他列上的条件，在python中创建数据框列

EN

# Get index of (shop, previous month, day).
# This will serve as a unique index to look up prev. month sale.
prev = pd.concat((df.shop, df.month - 1, df.day), axis=1)
# Unfortunately need to convert to list of tuples for MultiIndexing
prev = pd.MultiIndex.from_arrays(prev.values.T)
# old: [tuple(i) for i in prev.values]

# Now call .loc on df to look up each prev. month sale.
sale_prev_month = df.set_index(['shop', 'month', 'day']).loc[prev]

# And finally just concat rather than merge/join operation
#     because we want to ignore index & mimic a left join.
df = pd.concat((df, sale_prev_month.reset_index(drop=True)), axis=1)

   shop  month  day  sale  sale
0     1      7    1    10   8.0
1     1      6    1     8   9.0
2     1      5    1     9   NaN
3     2      7    1    10   8.0
4     2      6    1     8   9.0
5     2      5    1     9   NaN

import dask.dataframe as dd

# Play around with npartitions or chunksize here!
df2 = dd.from_pandas(df, npartitions=10)  

# Get a *single* index of unique (shop, month, day IDs)
# Dask doesn't support MultiIndex
empty = pd.Series(np.empty(len(df), dtype='object'))  # Passed to `meta`
current = df2.loc[:, on].apply(lambda col: '_'.join(col.astype(str)), axis=1,
                               meta=empty)
prev = df2.loc[:, on].assign(month=df2['month'] - 1)\
    .apply(lambda col: '_'.join(col.astype(str)), axis=1, meta=empty)
df2 = df2.set_index(current)

# We know have two dask.Series, `current` and `prev`, in the 
#     concatenated format "shop_month_day".
# We also have a dask.DataFrame, df2, which is indexed by `current`

# I would think we could just call df2.loc[prev].compute(), but
#     that's throwing a KeyError for me, so slightly more expensive:
sale_prev_month = df2.compute().loc[prev.compute()][['sale']]\
    .reset_index(drop=True)

# Now just concat as before
# Could re-break into dask objects here if you really needed to
df = pd.concat((df, sale_prev_month.reset_index(drop=True)), axis=1)