使用正则表达式的Makefile模式规则
使用正则表达式的Makefile模式规则
提问于 2019-02-28 09:27:31
我需要转换一堆名称如下的文件：
bar_S4_R1_001.fastq.gz
bar_S4_R2_001.fastq.gz
放入如下名称的文件中：
bar_R1_001.fastq.gz
bar_R2_001.fastq.gz
我想用Makefile pattern rule (docs，examples)来实现
我有一个这样的Makefile：
SHELL:=/bin/bash
files:
touch foo_S13_R2_001.fastq.gz
touch foo_S13_R1_001.fastq.gz
touch bar_S4_R2_001.fastq.gz
touch bar_S4_R1_001.fastq.gz
touch baz_S9_R2_001.fastq.gz
touch baz_S9_R1_001.fastq.gz
FILES:=$(shell find . -name "*.fastq.gz")
.PHONY: $(FILES)
demo: $(FILES)
$(FILES):
@printf "source: $@ , target should be: " ; \
echo "$@" | sed -e 's|\(_S[0-9]*\)\(_R[12]_001.fastq.gz\)$$|\2|'示例：
$ make files
touch foo_S13_R2_001.fastq.gz
touch foo_S13_R1_001.fastq.gz
touch bar_S4_R2_001.fastq.gz
touch bar_S4_R1_001.fastq.gz
touch baz_S9_R2_001.fastq.gz
touch baz_S9_R1_001.fastq.gz
$ make demo
source: bar_S4_R1_001.fastq.gz , target should be: bar_R1_001.fastq.gz
source: foo_S13_R2_001.fastq.gz , target should be: foo_R2_001.fastq.gz
source: bar_S4_R2_001.fastq.gz , target should be: bar_R2_001.fastq.gz
source: baz_S9_R2_001.fastq.gz , target should be: baz_R2_001.fastq.gz
source: baz_S9_R1_001.fastq.gz , target should be: baz_R1_001.fastq.gz
source: foo_S13_R1_001.fastq.gz , target should be: foo_R1_001.fastq.gz显然，我在这里的“demo”食谱中有我的"source“和"target”。我该如何使用Makefile模式规则来生成正确的文件呢？
回答 2
Stack Overflow用户
发布于 2019-02-28 16:03:26
多亏了著名的foreach-eval-call组合和string substitution and analysis functions，GNU变得很巧妙，但却可行
SHELL := /bin/bash
.DEFAULT_GOAL := all
FILES := foo_S13_R2_001.fastq.gz foo_S13_R1_001.fastq.gz bar_S4_R2_001.fastq.gz bar_S4_R1_001.fastq.gz baz_S9_R2_001.fastq.gz baz_S9_R1_001.fastq.gz
TARGETS :=
.PHONY: all
# $(1): name of the source file in X_Y_Z_T.fastq.gz form
# tmp: X Y Z T.fastq.gz
# tmp1: X
# tmp2: Y
# tmp3: Z
# tmp4: T.fastq.gz
define MYRULE
tmp := $$(subst _, ,$(1))
tmp1 := $$(word 1,$$(tmp))
tmp2 := $$(word 2,$$(tmp))
tmp3 := $$(word 3,$$(tmp))
tmp4 := $$(word 4,$$(tmp))
$$(tmp1)_$$(tmp3)_$$(tmp4): $(1)
@printf 'source: %s, target should be: %s\n' "$$<" "$$@"
TARGETS += $$(tmp1)_$$(tmp3)_$$(tmp4)
endef
$(foreach f,$(FILES),$(eval $(call MYRULE,$(f))))
all: $(TARGETS)
$(FILES):
@touch $@演示：
$ make
source: foo_S13_R2_001.fastq.gz, target should be: foo_R2_001.fastq.gz
source: foo_S13_R1_001.fastq.gz, target should be: foo_R1_001.fastq.gz
source: bar_S4_R2_001.fastq.gz, target should be: bar_R2_001.fastq.gz
source: bar_S4_R1_001.fastq.gz, target should be: bar_R1_001.fastq.gz
source: baz_S9_R2_001.fastq.gz, target should be: baz_R2_001.fastq.gz
source: baz_S9_R1_001.fastq.gz, target should be: baz_R1_001.fastq.gz注意：MYRULE定义中的双$$是必不可少的，就像:=变量赋值一样(而不是=递归赋值)。
Stack Overflow用户
发布于 2019-02-28 18:53:22
第一个解决方案是vanilla make：
PAT_START := _S
PAT_MID := 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
PAT_END := 0_ 1_ 2_ 3_ 4_ 5_ 6_ 7_ 8_ 9_
SUBSTITUTE := _
PAT12 := $(foreach c,$(PAT_START),$(addprefix $(c),$(PAT_END)))
PAT123 := $(foreach c,$(foreach c,$(PAT_START),$(addprefix $(c),$(PAT_MID))),$(addprefix $(c),$(PAT_END)))
$(info $(PAT12))
$(info $(PAT123))
FILES := foo_S13_R2_001.fastq.gz foo_S13_R1_001.fastq.gz bar_S4_R2_001.fastq.gz bar_S4_R1_001.fastq.gz baz_S9_R2_001.fastq.gz baz_S9_R1_001.fastq.gz
NEW_FILES := $(strip $(foreach f,$(FILES),$(foreach p,$(PAT12) $(PAT123),$(if $(subst $(subst $(p),,$(f)),,$(f)),$(subst $(p),$(SUBSTITUTE),$(f))))))
$(info $(FILES))
$(info $(NEW_FILES))第二种是使用gmtt，这是一个GNUmake库，极大地简化了这些任务：
include gmtt-master/gmtt-master/gmtt.mk
NEW_FILES := $(foreach f,$(FILES),$(call implode,$(call pick,1 4 5 6 7,$(call glob-match,$(f),*_S*_R[0-9]_*))))
$(info $(FILES))
$(info $(NEW_FILES))请注意，gmtt解决方案使用的是glob而不是RE。
页面原文内容由Stack Overflow提供。腾讯云小微IT领域专用引擎提供翻译支持
原文链接：
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/54917010
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