如何从Windows10的Bash Shell运行图形化Linux桌面应用程序?
首先,我按照here中显示的步骤安装了Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL),如下所示:
(1)安装了Windows 10 Pro Insider Preview Build 19619。
(2)安装了Ubuntu Linux发行版。
(3)将发行版本从WSL 1更改为WSL 2。
其次,为了在Windows10的Bash Shell中启用图形化的Linux桌面应用程序,我按照如下here所示的步骤进行了操作:
(4)我安装了一个Xming的X Server
(5)安装基于GTK的图形化vim编辑器作为测试,使用:
sudo apt-get install vim-gtk
(6)设置我的display环境变量
export DISPLAY=:0
(7)启动应用程序
gvim
然而,这并没有给应用程序提供午餐,我得到了以下错误:
E233: cannot open display
Press ENTER or type command to continue
E852: The child process failed to start the GUI
Press ENTER or type command to continue
你知道为什么会发生这个错误吗?
发布于 2020-12-11 09:52:29
以下说明是从我写的一篇文章中复制和粘贴的,但它丢失了原始格式、链接和屏幕截图:
来源: How to Install Ubuntu Desktop with a Graphical User Interface in WSL2
下载VcXsrv:访问官网点击“下载”
安装VcXsrv:打开"vcxsrv-64.1.20.8.1.installer.exe“点击”下一步“点击”安装“点击”关闭“
允许访问VcXsrv:选中“专用网络”单击“允许访问”
打开PowerShell:按"Windows Windows“在搜索栏中输入"PowerShell”右键单击“Windows PowerShell”单击“以管理员身份运行”
打开WSL2:从下面复制命令将命令粘贴到PowerShell中按"Enter“
wsl
安装Ubuntu桌面:复制下面的命令,将命令粘贴到PowerShell中,按"Enter“
sudo apt --yes install ubuntu-desktop
设置Username变量:复制下面的命令,将命令粘贴到PowerShell中,按"Enter“
username=$(wslvar USERNAME)
创建Ubuntu目录:复制下面的命令,将命令粘贴到PowerShell中,按"Enter“
mkdir --parents /mnt/c/users/$username/.ubuntu/
打开Ubuntu目录:复制下面的命令,将命令粘贴到PowerShell中,按"Enter“
cd /mnt/c/users/$username/.ubuntu
下载用于微软产品的Linux软件存储库:从下面的说明复制命令,将命令粘贴到PowerShell中按"Enter“
Ubuntu 20.04: wget https://packages.microsoft.com/config/ubuntu/20.04/packages-microsoft-prod.deb --output-document packages-microsoft-prod.deb
Ubuntu 18.04: wget https://packages.microsoft.com/config/ubuntu/18.04/packages-microsoft-prod.deb --output-document packages-microsoft-prod.deb
Install Linux Software Repository for Microsoft Products:从下面的说明复制命令,将命令粘贴到PowerShell中,按"Enter“
sudo dpkg --install packages-microsoft-prod.deb
更新存储库:从下面的说明中复制命令,将命令粘贴到PowerShell中,按"Enter“
sudo apt update
安装APT Transport for HTTPS:从下面的说明复制命令,将命令粘贴到PowerShell中按"Enter“
sudo apt install --yes apt-transport-https
更新存储库:从下面的说明中复制命令,将命令粘贴到PowerShell中,按"Enter“
sudo apt update
Install .Net:从下面复制命令将命令粘贴到PowerShell中按"Enter“
sudo apt install --yes dotnet-sdk-5.0
将Arkane系统添加到源列表目录:从下面复制命令,将命令粘贴到PowerShell中,按"Enter“
sudo sh -c 'echo "deb [trusted=yes] https://wsl-translinux.arkane-systems.net/apt/ /" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/wsl-translinux.list'
更新存储库:从下面的说明中复制命令,将命令粘贴到PowerShell中,按"Enter“
sudo apt update
安装Genie:复制下面的命令,将命令粘贴到PowerShell中,按"Enter“
sudo apt install --yes systemd-genie
创建Sudoers文件:从下面的说明复制命令,将命令粘贴到PowerShell中,按"Enter“
echo "$USER ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:/usr/bin/genie" | sudo EDITOR="tee" visudo --file /etc/sudoers.d/$USER
创建桌面脚本:复制下面的代码,将代码粘贴到PowerShell中,按"Enter“
# CREATE BASH SCRIPT
# Store block of text with here document
create_bash_script=$(cat << end_of_string
# Define necessary environment variables
export DISPLAY="\$(cat /etc/resolv.conf | grep nameserver | awk '{ print \$2 }'):1.0"
export DESKTOP_SESSION="ubuntu"
export GDMSESSION="ubuntu"
export XDG_SESSION_DESKTOP="ubuntu"
export XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP="ubuntu:GNOME"
export XDG_SESSION_TYPE="x11"
export XDG_BACKEND="x11"
export XDG_SESSION_CLASS="user"
export XDG_DATA_DIRS="/usr/local/share/:/usr/share/:/var/lib/snapd/desktop"
export XDG_CONFIG_DIRS="/etc/xdg"
export XDG_RUNTIME_DIR="\$HOME/xdg"
export XDG_CONFIG_HOME="\$HOME/.config"
export XDG_DATA_HOME="\$HOME/.local/share"
export XDG_CACHE_HOME="\$HOME/.cache"
export XDG_DESKTOP_DIR="\$HOME/Desktop"
export XDG_DOCUMENTS_DIR="\$HOME/Documents"
export XDG_DOWNLOAD_DIR="\$HOME/Downloads"
export XDG_MUSIC_DIR="\$HOME/Music"
export XDG_PICTURES_DIR="\$HOME/Pictures"
export XDG_PUBLICSHARE_DIR="\$HOME/Public"
export XDG_TEMPLATES_DIR="\$HOME/Templates"
export XDG_VIDEOS_DIR="\$HOME/Videos"
# Start desktop environment
gnome-session
end_of_string
)
# Store username environment variable in lowercase
username=$(wslvar USERNAME | awk '{ print tolower($0) }') &&
# Save block of text in bash file
echo "${create_bash_script}" > "/mnt/c/users/$username/.ubuntu/02_start_desktop.sh"
下载快捷方式图片:从下面复制命令,将命令粘贴到PowerShell中,按"Enter“
wget https://assets.ubuntu.com/v1/9fbc8a44-circle-of-friends-web.zip
解压快捷图像:从下面复制命令,将命令粘贴到PowerShell中,按"Enter“
unzip -o 9fbc8a44-circle-of-friends-web.zip
创建快捷方式图标:从下面的说明复制命令,将命令粘贴到PowerShell中,按"Enter“
convert -resize 64x64 ./circle-of-friends-web/png/cof_orange_hex.png ubuntu.ico
退出WSL2:从下面复制命令,将命令粘贴到PowerShell中,按"Enter“
exit
创建VcXsrv脚本:复制下面的代码,将代码粘贴到PowerShell中,按"Enter“
# RELOAD VCXSRV SCRIPT
# Store username environment variable in lowercase
$username = $env:username.tolower()
# Store block of text with here-string
$reload_vcxsrv_script = @"
# Stop vcxsrv proccess that contains "1.0" in the program window title
get-process vcxsrv | where { `$_.mainwindowtitle -like "*1.0*" } | stop-process
# Start vcxsrv process in a large program window on display number one
start-process "c:\program files\vcxsrv\vcxsrv.exe" -argument ":1 -ac -nowgl -multimonitors -dpms"
"@
# Save block of text in powershell file
echo "${reload_vcxsrv_script}" > $env:userprofile/.ubuntu/reload_vcxsrv.ps1
创建Ubuntu脚本:从下面的说明复制代码,将代码粘贴到PowerShell中,按"Enter“
# CREATE VISUAL BASIC SCRIPT
# Store username environment variable in lowercase
$username = $env:username.tolower()
# Store block of text with here-string
$create_vbs_script = @"
' Run PowerShell script in background
set application = createobject("shell.application")
application.shellexecute "powershell", "-file c:\users\admin\.ubuntu\01_reload_vcxsrv.ps1", "", "", 0
' Allow PowerShell script to complete
wscript.sleep 3000
' Run Bash script in background
set shell= createobject("wscript.shell")
shell.run "wsl sudo genie -c bash /mnt/c/users/admin/.ubuntu/02_start_desktop.sh", 0
"@
# Save block of text in bash file
echo "${create_vbs_script}" > $env:userprofile/.ubuntu/03_start_ubuntu.vbs
创建快捷方式脚本:复制下面的代码,将代码粘贴到PowerShell中,按"Enter“
# Store block of text with here-string
$create_shortcut_script = @"
# Define location variables
`$shortcut_location = "`$env:userprofile\.ubuntu\Ubuntu.lnk"
`$program_location = "`$env:userprofile\.ubuntu\03_start_ubuntu.vbs"
# Create shortcut
`$object = new-object -comobject wscript.shell
`$shortcut = `$object.createshortcut(`$shortcut_location)
`$shortcut.targetpath = `$program_location
`$shortcut.iconlocation = "`$env:userprofile\.ubuntu\ubuntu.ico"
`$shortcut.save()
"@
# Save block of text in powershell file
echo $create_shortcut_script > $env:userprofile/.ubuntu/04_create_shortcut.ps1
打开Ubuntu目录:复制下面的命令,将命令粘贴到PowerShell中,按"Enter“
cd c:\users\admin\.ubuntu
创建快捷方式:从下面的说明复制命令,将命令粘贴到PowerShell中按"Enter“
powershell.exe -file .\04_create_shortcut.ps1
在资源管理器中打开目录:复制下面的命令,将命令粘贴到PowerShell中,按"Enter“
explorer .
启动Ubuntu桌面:双击"Ubuntu“快捷方式
打开终端:点击“活动”在左上角输入“终端”到搜索栏点击“终端”
禁用屏幕锁定:从下面的说明复制命令将命令粘贴到终端按"Enter“
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.screensaver lock-enabled false
安装Snap Store:从下面复制命令将命令粘贴到终端按"Enter“
sudo snap install snap-store
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/61860208
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