用arm-none-eabi gnu工具链链接newlib纳米:对__libc_init_array的未定义引用
用arm-none-eabi gnu工具链链接newlib纳米:对__libc_init_array的未定义引用
提问于 2021-12-09 18:53:17
尽管我已经浏览了另一篇关于这个话题的类似文章，但我还没有解决我的问题。
我正在为stm32f411RE开发一种简单的开发方法，我刚刚满足了使用嵌入式标准库(newlib nano)的需要，所以我继续将它链接到我的项目，并在我的Reset_Handler中main()之前调用__libc_init_array()来初始化标准库函数，这里就是问题所在。
粗略地说(您可能认为是伪代码)，我的启动文件如下：
//Function prototypes
//main and Reset_Handler need to be inside extern
//in order to be recognized at the vector table
extern "C"{
int main(void);
void Reset_Handler(void);
void __libc_init_array(void);
}
vector_table={
(first address)STACK_POINTER,
(second address)Reset_Handler,
...
ISR routines
}
void Reset_Handler(void){
//call to __libc_init_array in order to initialize standard libraries functions
__libc_init_array();
//starting point of the program
main();
}我成功地完成了编译和链接过程(没有警告、错误或任何事情)，但是当我试图运行它时，程序无法访问main()函数，换句话说，它会卡在__libc_init_array()上；
当我运行一个调试会话并查看调用堆栈时，我得到的是：
??@0xfffffce0 (Unknown Source:0)
<signal handler called>@0xfffffff9 (Unknown Source:0)
??@0x00000024 (Unknown Source:0)程序甚至还没有达到main()。我想很明显，设置断点是无用的，因为程序甚至没有到达main()。
如果将__libc_init_array()从extern "C“中删除，就会得到"__libc_init_array未定义引用”编译错误。
值得指出的是，我的链接脚本以及初创公司和makefile就像光秃秃的金属方法一样有魅力，所以问题并不存在，我的意思是，我只需要考虑链接过程中适当的标志。
我的项目结构如下：
/My_project
-main.cpp
-file1.cpp
-file2.cpp
-startup_file.cpp
-linker_script.ld
-Makefile
-syscalls.c (requiered for newlib nano)我正在用以下方法构建对象文件：
arm-none-eabi-g++ -c -mcpu=cortex-m4 -std=c++11 -o0 -fno-exceptions除用以下方法构建syscall.c外：
arm-none-eabi-gcc -c -mcpu=cortex-m4 -std=c11 -o0 -fno-exceptions然后将所有对象文件链接到：
-T stm32_ls.ld --specs=nano.specs -Wl, -Map=final.map下面是链接后的地图：
Archive member included to satisfy reference by file (symbol)
/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/lib/libc_nano.a(lib_a-errno.o)
syscalls.o (__errno)
/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/lib/libc_nano.a(lib_a-exit.o)
/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/lib/crt0.o (exit)
/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/lib/libc_nano.a(lib_a-impure.o)
/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/lib/libc_nano.a(lib_a-exit.o) (_global_impure_ptr)
/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/lib/libc_nano.a(lib_a-init.o)
/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/lib/crt0.o (__libc_init_array)
/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/lib/libc_nano.a(lib_a-memset.o)
/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/lib/crt0.o (memset)
Memory Configuration
Name Origin Length Attributes
FLASH 0x0000000008000000 0x0000000000080000 xr
SRAM 0x0000000020000000 0x0000000000020000 xrw
*default* 0x0000000000000000 0xffffffffffffffff
Linker script and memory map
LOAD /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/crti.o
LOAD /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/crtbegin.o
LOAD /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/lib/crt0.o
LOAD stm32_startup.o
LOAD main.o
LOAD CONFIG.o
LOAD GPIO.o
LOAD LCD_16x2.o
LOAD USER_FUNCTIONS.o
LOAD syscalls.o
LOAD /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/lib/libstdc++_nano.a
LOAD /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/lib/libm.a
START GROUP
LOAD /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/libgcc.a
LOAD /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/lib/libc_nano.a
END GROUP
START GROUP
LOAD /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/libgcc.a
LOAD /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/lib/libc_nano.a
END GROUP
LOAD /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/crtend.o
LOAD /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/crtn.o
.text 0x0000000008000000 0x1008
*(.isr_vector)
.isr_vector 0x0000000008000000 0x198 stm32_startup.o
*(.text)
.text 0x0000000008000198 0x0 /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/crti.o
.text 0x0000000008000198 0x70 /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/crtbegin.o
.text 0x0000000008000208 0x138 /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/lib/crt0.o
0x0000000008000208 _stack_init
0x0000000008000290 _mainCRTStartup
0x0000000008000290 _start
.text 0x0000000008000340 0x90 stm32_startup.o
0x0000000008000340 Reset_Handler
0x00000000080003c8 Default_Handler
0x00000000080003c8 EXTI0_IRQHandler()
.text 0x00000000080003d0 0x124 main.o
0x00000000080003d0 enable_interrupt(IRQn_Struct)
0x0000000008000400 disable_interrupt(IRQn_Struct)
0x0000000008000434 EXTI15_10_IRQHandler()
0x0000000008000468 main
0x00000000080004a8 adc1_read()
0x00000000080004d8 adc1_start_convertion()
.text 0x00000000080004f4 0x24c CONFIG.o
0x00000000080004f4 system_clock_settings(char, boolean)
0x0000000008000630 EXTI_C13_config()
0x0000000008000684 ADC_PA1_Config()
0x00000000080006d8 HighSpeedConfig()
0x0000000008000704 TIM10_config_init()
.text 0x0000000008000740 0x56c GPIO.o
0x0000000008000740 GPIO_PORT::GPIO_PORT(char, int, int)
0x0000000008000740 GPIO_PORT::GPIO_PORT(char, int, int)
0x0000000008000778 GPIO_PORT::GPIO_PORT(char, int, int, int)
0x0000000008000778 GPIO_PORT::GPIO_PORT(char, int, int, int)
0x00000000080007b0 GPIO_PORT::set_pin_status(int)
0x0000000008000812 GPIO_PORT::read_pin_status()
0x0000000008000856 GPIO_PORT::toggle_pin_status()
0x0000000008000882 GPIO_PORT::pupd_selection(int)
0x0000000008000950 GPIO_PORT::pin_mode_input()
0x00000000080009aa GPIO_PORT::pin_mode_output()
0x0000000008000a04 GPIO_PORT::set_config()
0x0000000008000b3a GPIO_PORT::voltage_regulator_config()
0x0000000008000b5c GPIO_PORT::AHB1_clock_enable()
0x0000000008000bf4 GPIO_PORT::gpio_register_selector()
.text 0x0000000008000cac 0x0 LCD_16x2.o
.text 0x0000000008000cac 0x110 USER_FUNCTIONS.o
0x0000000008000cac delay_ms(int)
0x0000000008000d10 delay_us(int)
0x0000000008000d70 power(int, int)
.text 0x0000000008000dbc 0x202 syscalls.o
0x0000000008000dbc initialise_monitor_handles
0x0000000008000dc8 _getpid
0x0000000008000dd6 _kill
0x0000000008000df6 _exit
0x0000000008000e0a _read
0x0000000008000e44 _write
0x0000000008000e7c _close
0x0000000008000e92 _fstat
0x0000000008000eb0 _isatty
0x0000000008000ec4 _lseek
0x0000000008000edc _open
0x0000000008000ef6 _wait
0x0000000008000f14 _unlink
0x0000000008000f32 _times
0x0000000008000f48 _stat
0x0000000008000f66 _link
0x0000000008000f86 _fork
0x0000000008000f9c _execve
.text 0x0000000008000fbe 0x0 /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/lib/libc_nano.a(lib_a-errno.o)
.text 0x0000000008000fbe 0x0 /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/lib/libc_nano.a(lib_a-exit.o)
.text 0x0000000008000fbe 0x0 /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/lib/libc_nano.a(lib_a-impure.o)
.text 0x0000000008000fbe 0x0 /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/lib/libc_nano.a(lib_a-init.o)
.text 0x0000000008000fbe 0x0 /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/lib/libc_nano.a(lib_a-memset.o)
.text 0x0000000008000fbe 0x0 /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/crtend.o
.text 0x0000000008000fbe 0x0 /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/crtn.o
*(.rodata)
*fill* 0x0000000008000fbe 0x2
.rodata 0x0000000008000fc0 0x24 /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/crtbegin.o
.rodata 0x0000000008000fe4 0x24 /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/crtend.o
0x0000000008001008 . = ALIGN (0x4)
0x0000000008001008 _etext = .
.glue_7 0x0000000008001008 0x0
.glue_7 0x0000000008001008 0x0 linker stubs
.glue_7t 0x0000000008001008 0x0
.glue_7t 0x0000000008001008 0x0 linker stubs
.vfp11_veneer 0x0000000008001008 0x0
.vfp11_veneer 0x0000000008001008 0x0 linker stubs
.v4_bx 0x0000000008001008 0x0
.v4_bx 0x0000000008001008 0x0 linker stubs
.init 0x0000000008001008 0x18
.init 0x0000000008001008 0xc /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/crti.o
0x0000000008001008 _init
.init 0x0000000008001014 0xc /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/crtn.o
.fini 0x0000000008001020 0x18
.fini 0x0000000008001020 0xc /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/crti.o
0x0000000008001020 _fini
.fini 0x000000000800102c 0xc /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/crtn.o
.iplt 0x0000000008001038 0x0
.iplt 0x0000000008001038 0x0 /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/crtbegin.o
.text.__errno 0x0000000008001038 0x10
.text.__errno 0x0000000008001038 0x10 /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/lib/libc_nano.a(lib_a-errno.o)
0x0000000008001038 __errno
.text.exit 0x0000000008001048 0x40
.text.exit 0x0000000008001048 0x40 /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/lib/libc_nano.a(lib_a-exit.o)
0x0000000008001048 exit
.text.__libc_init_array
0x0000000008001088 0x80
.text.__libc_init_array
0x0000000008001088 0x80 /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/lib/libc_nano.a(lib_a-init.o)
0x0000000008001088 __libc_init_array
.text.memset 0x0000000008001108 0x18
.text.memset 0x0000000008001108 0x18 /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/lib/libc_nano.a(lib_a-memset.o)
0x0000000008001108 memset
.eh_frame 0x0000000008001120 0x4
.eh_frame 0x0000000008001120 0x0 /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/crtbegin.o
.eh_frame 0x0000000008001120 0x4 /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/crtend.o
.ARM.extab 0x0000000008001124 0x0
.ARM.extab 0x0000000008001124 0x0 /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/lib/crt0.o
.ARM.exidx 0x0000000008001124 0x8
.ARM.exidx 0x0000000008001124 0x8 /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/lib/crt0.o
0x10 (size before relaxing)
.rodata._global_impure_ptr
0x000000000800112c 0x4
.rodata._global_impure_ptr
0x000000000800112c 0x4 /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/lib/libc_nano.a(lib_a-impure.o)
0x000000000800112c _global_impure_ptr
.rel.dyn 0x0000000008001130 0x0
.rel.iplt 0x0000000008001130 0x0 /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/crtbegin.o
.data 0x0000000020000000 0x8 load address 0x0000000008001130
0x0000000020000000 _sdata = .
*(.data)
.data 0x0000000020000000 0x0 /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/crti.o
.data 0x0000000020000000 0x4 /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/crtbegin.o
0x0000000020000000 __dso_handle
.data 0x0000000020000004 0x0 /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/lib/crt0.o
.data 0x0000000020000004 0x0 stm32_startup.o
.data 0x0000000020000004 0x0 main.o
.data 0x0000000020000004 0x0 CONFIG.o
.data 0x0000000020000004 0x0 GPIO.o
.data 0x0000000020000004 0x0 LCD_16x2.o
.data 0x0000000020000004 0x0 USER_FUNCTIONS.o
.data 0x0000000020000004 0x4 syscalls.o
0x0000000020000004 environ
.data 0x0000000020000008 0x0 /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/lib/libc_nano.a(lib_a-errno.o)
.data 0x0000000020000008 0x0 /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/lib/libc_nano.a(lib_a-exit.o)
.data 0x0000000020000008 0x0 /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/lib/libc_nano.a(lib_a-impure.o)
.data 0x0000000020000008 0x0 /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/lib/libc_nano.a(lib_a-init.o)
.data 0x0000000020000008 0x0 /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/lib/libc_nano.a(lib_a-memset.o)
.data 0x0000000020000008 0x0 /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/crtend.o
.data 0x0000000020000008 0x0 /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/crtn.o
0x0000000020000008 . = ALIGN (0x4)
0x0000000020000008 _edata = .
.init_array 0x0000000020000008 0x4 load address 0x0000000008001138
.init_array 0x0000000020000008 0x4 /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/crtbegin.o
.fini_array 0x000000002000000c 0x4 load address 0x000000000800113c
.fini_array 0x000000002000000c 0x4 /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/crtbegin.o
.igot.plt 0x0000000020000010 0x0 load address 0x0000000008001140
.igot.plt 0x0000000020000010 0x0 /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/crtbegin.o
.data._impure_ptr
0x0000000020000010 0x4 load address 0x0000000008001140
.data._impure_ptr
0x0000000020000010 0x4 /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/lib/libc_nano.a(lib_a-impure.o)
0x0000000020000010 _impure_ptr
.data.impure_data
0x0000000020000014 0x60 load address 0x0000000008001144
.data.impure_data
0x0000000020000014 0x60 /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/lib/libc_nano.a(lib_a-impure.o)
.bss 0x0000000020000074 0x24 load address 0x00000000080011a4
0x0000000020000074 _sbss = .
0x0000000020000074 __bss_start__ = _sbss
*(.bss)
.bss 0x0000000020000074 0x0 /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/crti.o
.bss 0x0000000020000074 0x1c /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/crtbegin.o
.bss 0x0000000020000090 0x0 /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/lib/crt0.o
.bss 0x0000000020000090 0x0 stm32_startup.o
.bss 0x0000000020000090 0x2 main.o
0x0000000020000090 sensor_value
.bss 0x0000000020000092 0x0 CONFIG.o
.bss 0x0000000020000092 0x0 GPIO.o
.bss 0x0000000020000092 0x0 LCD_16x2.o
.bss 0x0000000020000092 0x0 USER_FUNCTIONS.o
*fill* 0x0000000020000092 0x2
.bss 0x0000000020000094 0x4 syscalls.o
0x0000000020000094 __env
.bss 0x0000000020000098 0x0 /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/lib/libc_nano.a(lib_a-errno.o)
.bss 0x0000000020000098 0x0 /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/lib/libc_nano.a(lib_a-exit.o)
.bss 0x0000000020000098 0x0 /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/lib/libc_nano.a(lib_a-impure.o)
.bss 0x0000000020000098 0x0 /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/lib/libc_nano.a(lib_a-init.o)
.bss 0x0000000020000098 0x0 /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/lib/libc_nano.a(lib_a-memset.o)
.bss 0x0000000020000098 0x0 /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/crtend.o
.bss 0x0000000020000098 0x0 /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.3.1/crtn.o
0x0000000020000098 _ebss = .
0x0000000020000098 __bss_end__ = _ebss
0x0000000020000098 . = ALIGN (0x4)
0x0000000020000098 end = .
OUTPUT(final.elf elf32-littlearm)
LOAD linker stubs我猜想，出于我的无知，这个名称mangling不是问题，因为__libc_init_array()是在extern "C“中定义的。此外，在地图文件中，我只看到一个名称为__libc_init_array的符号，它似乎位于正确的闪存地址。
评论很有价值。谢谢你看了这么长的帖子。
PD:链接器脚本，无论谁想读它：
ENTRY(Reset_Handler)
MEMORY
{
FLASH(rx):ORIGIN =0x08000000,LENGTH =512K
SRAM(rwx):ORIGIN =0x20000000,LENGTH =128K
}
SECTIONS
{
.text :
{
*(.isr_vector)
*(.text)
*(.rodata)
. = ALIGN(4);
_etext = .; /*end of section .text address*/
}>FLASH
.data :
{
_sdata = .;
*(.data)
. = ALIGN(4);
_edata = .;
}>SRAM AT> FLASH
.bss :
{
_sbss = .;
__bss_start__ = _sbss;
*(.bss)
_ebss = .;
__bss_end__ = _ebss;
. = ALIGN(4);
end = .;
}>SRAM
}启动文件：
#include <stdint.h>
/**aliased and external defined functions get their names mangled
*so one needs to avoid name mangling by treating those functions
*as if they were compiled in C.Thats done by extern **/
extern "C"{
int main(void);
void Reset_Handler(void);
void Default_Handler(void);
void __libc_init_array(void);
}
#define SRAM_START 0x20000000
#define SRAM_SIZE (128U*1024U) //128*1Kb
#define SRAM_END ((SRAM_START) + (SRAM_SIZE))
#define STACK_START SRAM_END
extern uint32_t _etext;
extern uint32_t _sdata;
extern uint32_t _edata;
extern uint32_t _sbss;
extern uint32_t _ebss;
//function prototyping
//function prototyping
__attribute__((weak, alias("Default_Handler")))void EXTI0_IRQHandler(void);
__attribute__((weak, alias("Default_Handler")))void EXTI15_10_IRQHandler(void);
uint32_t(* const vectors[]) __attribute__((section(".isr_vector"))) ={
(uint32_t*)STACK_START, /* 0x000 Stack Pointer */
(uint32_t*)Reset_Handler, /* 0x004 Reset */
};
void Reset_Handler(void)
{
//copy .data section to SRAM
uint32_t size = (uint32_t)&_edata - (uint32_t)&_sdata;
uint8_t *pDst = (uint8_t*)&_sdata; //sram
uint8_t *pSrc = (uint8_t*)&_etext; //source point comes from flash memory that is end of flash
for(uint32_t i =0 ; i < size ; i++)
{
*pDst++ = *pSrc++;
}
//copy .bss section to SRAM
size = (uint32_t)&_ebss - (uint32_t)&_sbss;
pDst = (uint8_t*)&_sbss; //sram
for(uint32_t i =0 ; i < size ; i++)
{
*pDst++ = 0;
}
__libc_init_array();
main();
}
void Default_Handler(void)
{
while(1);
}回答 1
Stack Overflow用户
发布于 2021-12-09 20:15:41
首先，__libc_init_array()属于extern "C"。上面的映射文件是正确的:它是从libc_nano.a(lib_a-init.o)中提取的。
不过，这并不是真正的问题。在向量表中，有Reset_Handler，其中应有堆栈指针的初始值，在main中，应该有重置处理程序。main永远不应该在向量中，它由重置处理程序作为正常函数调用，而不是通过向量调用。
您正在发生的崩溃很可能是因为您没有正确的堆栈指针，而且代码正在尝试使用堆栈。
另外，您在重置处理程序中做的第一件事是调用__libc_init_array。这是错误的。您需要(至少)复制初始化的数据，并首先对bss部分进行零设置。如果您遵循CMSIS模式，那么还需要调用SystemInit。请参阅STM32CubeF4包中的示例启动代码和链接器脚本。
编辑：上面的问题在您的伪代码中；代码与伪代码不匹配，也没有上述问题。
下一个问题是，您已经删除了一半的标准链接器脚本。试着看看__libc_init_array的来源，看看它需要什么。它需要init数组部分等。
下面是其中的一个例子：
.init :
{
KEEP (*(SORT_NONE(.init)))
}
>FLASH
.text :
{
*(.text .text.* .stub .gnu.linkonce.t.*)
}
>FLASH
.fini :
{
KEEP (*(SORT_NONE(.fini)))
}
>FLASH
.preinit_array :
{
PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__preinit_array_start = .);
KEEP (*(.preinit_array))
PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__preinit_array_end = .);
}
>FLASH
.init_array :
{
PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__init_array_start = .);
KEEP (*(SORT_BY_INIT_PRIORITY(.init_array.*) SORT_BY_INIT_PRIORITY(.ctors.*)))
KEEP (*(.init_array EXCLUDE_FILE (*crtbegin.o *crtbegin?.o *crtend.o *crtend?.o ) .ctors))
PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__init_array_end = .);
}
>FLASH
.fini_array :
{
PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__fini_array_start = .);
KEEP (*(SORT_BY_INIT_PRIORITY(.fini_array.*) SORT_BY_INIT_PRIORITY(.dtors.*)))
KEEP (*(.fini_array EXCLUDE_FILE (*crtbegin.o *crtbegin?.o *crtend.o *crtend?.o ) .dtors))
PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__fini_array_end = .);
}
>FLASH
.ctors :
{
KEEP (*crtbegin.o(.ctors))
KEEP (*crtbegin?.o(.ctors))
KEEP (*(EXCLUDE_FILE (*crtend.o *crtend?.o ) .ctors))
KEEP (*(SORT(.ctors.*)))
KEEP (*(.ctors))
}
>FLASH
.dtors :
{
KEEP (*crtbegin.o(.dtors))
KEEP (*crtbegin?.o(.dtors))
KEEP (*(EXCLUDE_FILE (*crtend.o *crtend?.o ) .dtors))
KEEP (*(SORT(.dtors.*)))
KEEP (*(.dtors))
}
>FLASH页面原文内容由Stack Overflow提供。腾讯云小微IT领域专用引擎提供翻译支持
原文链接：
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/70295236
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