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问使用Mockito模拟Apache后HTTPClient
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Stack Overflow用户

提问于 2022-06-16 17:12:43

回答 4查看 496关注 0票数 1

我正在尝试使用Mockito和本文来测试HttpClient。我收到下面的错误，不知道如何修复。错误在下面。我也非常关注文章的内容。它在CloseableHttpResponse closeableHttpResponse = client.execute(httpPost)上失败了，而我已经在嘲笑它了。

资源：使用Mockito模拟Apache HTTPClient

主要代码：

public class ProductService {

    private final VaultConfig vaultConfig;
    private final AppConfig appConfig;

    public ProductService(VaultConfig vaultConfig,
                          @Autowired AppConfig appConfig) {
            this.vaultConfig = vaultConfig;
            this.appConfig = appConfig;
    }

    private void createAccessToken() {
        String httpUrl = MessageFormat.format("{0}/api/v1/authentication/login",
            appConfig.getProductServerUrl());
        CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(httpUrl);
        List<NameValuePair> httpParams = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
        httpParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("username", this.vaultConfig.getProductAdminUsername()));
        httpParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("password", this.vaultConfig.getProductAdminPassword()));

        try {
            httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(httpParams));
            CloseableHttpResponse closeableHttpResponse = client.execute(httpPost);
            HttpEntity entity = closeableHttpResponse.getEntity();
            String tokenDataJson = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8");
            String newAccessToken = new Gson().fromJson(tokenDataJson, Map.class).get("access_token").toString();
            this.vaultConfig.setProductAccessToken(newAccessToken);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            logger.error("Unable to create access token: " + e.getMessage());
        }
    }

测试尝试：

public class ProductServiceTest {

    private ProductService productService;
    @Mock
    HttpClients httpClients;
    @Mock
    CloseableHttpClient closeableHttpClient;
    @Mock
    HttpPost httpPost;
    @Mock
    CloseableHttpResponse closeableHttpResponse;
    @Mock
    private VaultConfig vaultConfig;
    @Mock
    private AppConfig appConfig;

    @BeforeEach
    public void initialize() {
        MockitoAnnotations.openMocks(this);
        productService = new ProductService(vaultConfig, appConfig);
    }


   void getAccessTokenWhenEmpty() throws IOException {
        //given
        String expectedProductAccessToken = "ABC";

        //and:
        given(appConfig.getProductServerUrl()).willReturn("https://test.abcd.com");
        given(closeableHttpClient.execute(httpPost)).willReturn(closeableHttpResponse);
        given(vaultConfig.getProductAccessToken()).willReturn("");

        //when
        String actualProductAccessToken = ProductService.getAccessToken();

        //then
        Assertions.assertEquals(actualProductAccessToken,expectedProductAccessToken);
    }

错误：

    } catch (Exception e) {

java.net.UnknownHostException: test.abcd.com: unknown error

apache-httpcomponents

java

spring-boot

mockito

回答 4

Stack Overflow用户

回答已采纳

发布于 2022-06-25 09:50:48

一个更简单、更干净和不那么脆弱的方法就是不要嘲笑HttpClient。它只会导致您的测试代码具有模式“模拟返回模拟和返回的模拟返回另一个模拟，反过来返回另一个模拟返回.”它看上去很丑，对我来说是一种暗号。

相反，使用一个真实的HTTPClient实例并使用诸如WireMock或MockWebServer之类的工具来模拟外部API。

我最喜欢的是MockWebServer，你可以这样做：

public class ProductServiceTest {
    
    
    private ProductService productService;

    @Mock
    private AppConfig appConfig;

    private MockWebServer server;

    @Test
    public void getAccessTokenWhenEmpty(){


        server.start();
        HttpUrl baseUrl = server.url("/api/v1/authentication/login");

        given(appConfig.getProductServerUrl()).willReturn("http://" + baseUrl.host() +":" + baseUrl.port());
        productService = new ProductService(vaultConfig, appConfig);
        
        //stub the server to return the access token response
        server.enqueue(new MockResponse().setBody("{\"access_token\":\"ABC\"}"));

       //continues execute your test

    }


}

票数 1

Stack Overflow用户

发布于 2022-06-16 19:25:48

创建的模拟没有在ProductService中使用，因为它们没有在构造中传递。类依赖项应该通过构造注入，因为它们是强制性的。

如果您像下面这样更改了实现，这将有所帮助。密码不完整。

public class ProductService {

    private final VaultConfig vaultConfig;
    private final AppConfig appConfig;
    private final CloseableHttpClient client;

    public ProductService(VaultConfig vaultConfig,
                          @Autowired AppConfig appConfig, CloseableHttpClient client) {
            this.vaultConfig = vaultConfig;
            this.appConfig = appConfig;
    }

    private void createAccessToken() {
        String httpUrl = MessageFormat.format("{0}/api/v1/authentication/login",
            appConfig.getProductServerUrl());
        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(httpUrl);
        List<NameValuePair> httpParams = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
        httpParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("username", this.vaultConfig.getProductAdminUsername()));
        httpParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("password", this.vaultConfig.getProductAdminPassword()));

        try {
            httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(httpParams));
            CloseableHttpResponse closeableHttpResponse = client.execute(httpPost);
            HttpEntity entity = closeableHttpResponse.getEntity();
            String tokenDataJson = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8");
            String newAccessToken = new Gson().fromJson(tokenDataJson, Map.class).get("access_token").toString();
            this.vaultConfig.setProductAccessToken(newAccessToken);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            logger.error("Unable to create access token: " + e.getMessage());
        }
    }

public class ProductServiceTest {

    @InjectMocks
    private ProductService productService;
    @Mock
    CloseableHttpClient closeableHttpClient;
    @Mock
    private VaultConfig vaultConfig;
    @Mock
    private AppConfig appConfig;
    @Mock
    CloseableHttpResponse closeableHttpResponse;
    @Mock
    HttpEntity entity

    @BeforeEach
    public void initialize() {
        MockitoAnnotations.openMocks(this);
    }


   void getAccessTokenWhenEmpty() throws IOException {
        //given
        String expectedProductAccessToken = "ABC";

        //and:
        given(appConfig.getProductServerUrl()).willReturn("https://test.abcd.com");
        given(closeableHttpClient.execute(httpPost)).willReturn(closeableHttpResponse);
        given(vaultConfig.getProductAccessToken()).willReturn("");

        // my additional code
        given(closeableHttpResponse.getEntity()).willReturn(entity);
        given(entity.....).willReturn(....)   // mock the entity for the EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8");

        //when
        String actualProductAccessToken = ProductService.getAccessToken();

        //then
        Assertions.assertEquals(actualProductAccessToken,expectedProductAccessToken);
    }

票数 2

Stack Overflow用户

发布于 2022-06-23 22:25:47

如果您不想更改实现，也不希望添加构造函数或创建CloseableHttpClient的附加方法。

您需要模拟静态方法HttpClients.createDefault()！

解决方案1: Mockito模拟静态方法

自从3.4.0版本以来，Mockito支持模拟静态方法。

        try (MockedStatic mocked = mockStatic(Foo.class)) {
            mocked.when(Foo::method).thenReturn("bar");
            assertEquals("bar", Foo.method());
            mocked.verify(Foo::method);
        }

首先，您需要将mockito内嵌添加到项目中

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
    <artifactId>mockito-inline</artifactId>
    <version>4.6.1</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

执行情况：

public class ProductServiceTest {

    private ProductService productService;

    MockedStatic<HttpClients> httpClientsStaticMock;

    @Mock
    CloseableHttpClient closeableHttpClient;
    @Mock
    HttpPost httpPost;
    @Mock
    CloseableHttpResponse closeableHttpResponse;
    @Mock
    private VaultConfig vaultConfig;
    @Mock
    private AppConfig appConfig;

    @BeforeEach
    public void initialize() {
        MockitoAnnotations.openMocks(this);
        productService = new ProductService(vaultConfig, appConfig);
        //create static Mock
        httpClientsStaticMock = mockStatic(HttpClients.class);
        //when HttpClients.createDefault() called return mock of CloseableHttpClient
        httpClientsStaticMock.when(HttpClients::createDefault).thenReturn(closeableHttpClient);
    }

    void getAccessTokenWhenEmpty() throws IOException {
        //given
        String expectedProductAccessToken = "ABC";

        //and:
        given(appConfig.getProductServerUrl()).willReturn("https://test.abcd.com");
        given(closeableHttpClient.execute(httpPost)).willReturn(closeableHttpResponse);
        given(vaultConfig.getProductAccessToken()).willReturn("");

        //when
        String actualProductAccessToken = ProductService.getAccessToken();

        //then
        Assertions.assertEquals(actualProductAccessToken, expectedProductAccessToken);
    }

    @AfterEach
    public void afterTest() {
        //close static Mock
        httpClientsStaticMock.close();
    }
}

解决方案2: 基于PowerMock的模拟静态方法

依赖关系：

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.powermock</groupId>
            <artifactId>powermock-module-junit4</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.9</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.powermock</groupId>
            <artifactId>powermock-api-mockito2</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.9</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

执行情况：

@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
@PrepareForTest({ ProductService.class, HttpClients.class})
public class ProductServiceTest {

    private ProductService productService;

    @Mock
    CloseableHttpClient closeableHttpClient;
    @Mock
    HttpPost httpPost;
    @Mock
    CloseableHttpResponse closeableHttpResponse;
    @Mock
    private VaultConfig vaultConfig;
    @Mock
    private AppConfig appConfig;

    @BeforeEach
    public void initialize() {
        MockitoAnnotations.openMocks(this);
        productService = new ProductService(vaultConfig, appConfig);
        //create static Mock
        PowerMockito.mockStatic(HttpClients.class);
        //when HttpClients.createDefault() called return mock of CloseableHttpClient
        when(HttpClients.createDefault()).thenReturn(closeableHttpClient);
    }

    void getAccessTokenWhenEmpty() throws IOException {
        //given
        String expectedProductAccessToken = "ABC";

        //and:
        given(appConfig.getProductServerUrl()).willReturn("https://test.abcd.com");
        given(closeableHttpClient.execute(httpPost)).willReturn(closeableHttpResponse);
        given(vaultConfig.getProductAccessToken()).willReturn("");

        //when
        String actualProductAccessToken = ProductService.getAccessToken();

        //then
        Assertions.assertEquals(actualProductAccessToken, expectedProductAccessToken);
    }
}

票数 0

页面原文内容由Stack Overflow提供。腾讯云小微IT领域专用引擎提供翻译支持

原文链接：

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/72649574

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