我正在学习如何在颤振中使用SharedPreferences库。
我创建了这段代码,当我关闭并重新打开应用程序时,我希望计数器和counter2变量保留为最后一次保存。
但是,当我重新打开应用程序时,计数器和counter2值将返回到0。有人能向我解释一下我哪里出了问题吗?
谢谢。
import 'dart:convert';
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:shared_preferences/shared_preferences.dart';
import 'data.dart';
void main() {
runApp(const MyApp());
}
class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
const MyApp({Key? key}) : super(key: key);
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return MaterialApp(
title: 'Flutter Demo',
theme: ThemeData(
primarySwatch: Colors.blue,
),
home: const MyHomePage(title: 'Flutter Demo Home Page'),
);
}
}
class MyHomePage extends StatefulWidget {
const MyHomePage({Key? key, required this.title}) : super(key: key);
final String title;
@override
State<MyHomePage> createState() => _MyHomePageState();
}
class _MyHomePageState extends State<MyHomePage> {
int counter = 0;
int counter2 = 0;
increment() {
setState(() {
counter += 1;
counter2 += 2;
});
}
loadData() async {
SharedPreferences prefs = await SharedPreferences.getInstance();
setState(() {
String? json = prefs.getString('UserData');
print('loaded json: $json');
if (json == null) {
print('NO DATA (null)');
} else {
Map<String, dynamic> map = jsonDecode(json);
print('map $map');
final data = Data.fromJson(map);
print('Data ${data.counter}, ${data.counter2}');
}
});
}
saveData() async {
SharedPreferences prefs = await SharedPreferences.getInstance();
final _data = Data(counter: counter, counter2: counter2);
String json = jsonEncode(_data);
print('saved json: $json');
prefs.setString('UserData', json);
}
clearData() async {
SharedPreferences prefs = await SharedPreferences.getInstance();
prefs.clear();
print('data cleared');
}
/// dichiarare l' initState()
@override
void initState() {
super.initState();
loadData();
}
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return Scaffold(
appBar: AppBar(
title: Text(widget.title),
),
body: Center(
child: Column(
mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,
children: [
const Text(
'You have pushed the button this many times:',
),
Text(
'c: $counter, c2: $counter2',
style: Theme.of(context).textTheme.headline4,
),
],
),
),
floatingActionButton: FloatingActionButton(
onPressed: () {
increment();
saveData();
},
tooltip: 'Increment',
child: const Icon(Icons.add),
), // This trailing comma makes auto-formatting nicer for build methods.
);
}
}class Data {
int counter = 0;
int counter2 = 0;
Data({required this.counter, required this.counter2});
Map<String, dynamic> toJson() {
return {
'counter': counter,
'counter2': counter2,
};
}
Data.fromJson(Map<String, dynamic> json) {
counter = json['counter'];
counter2 = json['counter2'];
}
}发布于 2022-06-28 16:06:05
我同意另一个答案,最好是使用FutureBuilder。但是,可以使当前代码只需在loadData末尾添加两行代码即可。
loadData() async {
SharedPreferences prefs = await SharedPreferences.getInstance();
setState(() {
String? json = prefs.getString('UserData');
print('loaded json: $json');
if (json == null) {
print('NO DATA (null)');
} else {
Map<String, dynamic> map = jsonDecode(json);
print('map $map');
final data = Data.fromJson(map);
print('Data ${data.counter}, ${data.counter2}');
// add these lines
counter = data.counter;
counter2 = data.counter2;
}
});
}所发生的事情(另一个答案是)是,您的小部件最初是在不知道来自SharedPreferences的值的情况下构建的。在第一个构建完成一段时间之后,loadData的未来就完成了,并使用setState重新构建了这个小部件。
在实际应用程序中,您希望避免不必要的构建,因此您宁愿在加载异步数据时显示进度指示符,请检查FutureBuilder。
发布于 2022-06-28 16:00:19
一个简单的答案是,当您在loadData();中调用initState时,函数是相对于小部件的其余部分异步执行的,因此您的Scaffold是在数据可用之前构建的。这就是为什么你看到的数据是从你的print,而不是在应用程序。
解决这个问题的一种方法是给我们一个https://api.flutter.dev/flutter/widgets/FutureBuilder-class.html
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/72788463
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